適用于新高考新教材備戰(zhàn)2025屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪總復(fù)習(xí)高考題型組合練Unit1Natureinthebalance2課件牛津譯林版必修第三冊(cè)

Unit1

Natureinthebalance(2)ⅠⅡⅢⅠ.閱讀理解AInahigh-techlabonJohn’sHopkinsUniversity’sHomewoodcampusinMaryland,engineershavebeenbuildingarobotthatmaybeabletostitch(縫針)backtogetherthebrokentissuesinyourstomachandevenyourbrain,nodoctorneeded.Therobothasahigh-techcameraononearmandahigh-techsewingmachineonasecondarm.Thegoalistodevelop,inthenextseveralyears,arobotthatmakesthedelicateworkmoreconsistent.ⅠⅡⅢTherobot,knownasSmartTissueAutonomousRobot,orSTAR,whichisrunbyahighlyadvancedcomputerprogram,willadvancetechnologycurrentlyinwideuseinoperatingrooms.Therobotcompletesaboutastitchaminute,slightlyslowerthanahumansurgeon.Butthetestssofarhaveshownmoreconsistencythanwhatthehumanscanachieve.Longhoursoftraditionalsurgerycancausehumanhandstogettiredandtremble,whichmaycauseaccidentsduringanoperation.RobertLanger,anengineer,saidtheroboticarmcouldchangethewaysurgeriesaredone.HehashelpedfounddozensofbiotechcompaniesincludingGalenRobotics.TheroboticarmbeingdevelopedbyHopkinsengineersisthiscompany’sproduct.ⅠⅡⅢGalenCEOBruceLichorowiccomparedtheroboticarmtofutureforsurgeons,sayingitincreasestheirstability,reducestirednessandpreventscramps(抽搐)duringlongsurgeries,allofwhichleadtosafersurgeries.GalenRoboticshasitsrootsinresearchfromJohn’sHopkinsUniversity,butthecompanyhadbeenbasedinSiliconValleyuntil2019.“Thecompanycurrentlyemploysabout40people,abouthalfofwhomhaveadvanceddegreesfromJohn’sHopkins,”saidLichorowic,addingthatthecompanyplanstogrowto60positionsbytheendoftheyear.ⅠⅡⅢGalen’sroboticarmisnotforsaleyet,butLichorowicsaidthecompanyexpectstosubmitanapplicationtotheU.S.FoodandDrugAdministration(FDA)laterthisyear.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章介紹了馬里蘭州約翰霍普金斯大學(xué)霍姆伍德校區(qū)的一個(gè)高科技實(shí)驗(yàn)室里正在研制的智能組織自主機(jī)器人(STAR),盡管它的動(dòng)作比人類(lèi)外科醫(yī)生慢,但它可以使手術(shù)更順暢。ⅠⅡⅢ1.WhatcanSTARdo?A.Shortenoperationtime. B.Replacehumansurgeons.C.Makeoperationssmooth. D.Advancemedicalstudies.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“The

robot,known

as

Smart

Tissue

Autonomous

Robot,or

STAR,which

is

run

by

a

highly

advanced

computer

program,will

advance

technology

currently

in

wide

use

in

operating

rooms.The

robot

completes

about

a

stitch

a

minute,slightly

slower

than

a

human

surgeon.But

the

tests

so

far

have

shown

more

consistency

than

what

the

humans

can

achieve.”可知,STAR盡管縫針?biāo)俣炔蝗缛祟?lèi)外科醫(yī)生,但是縫合動(dòng)作的連貫性比人類(lèi)醫(yī)生好,可以使手術(shù)更順暢。ⅠⅡⅢ2.WhatdoesLichorowicthinkofSTAR?A.Flexible.

B.High-cost.C.Promising. D.Unpredictable.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段“Galen

CEO

Bruce

Lichorowic

compared

the

robotic

arm

to

future

for

surgeons,saying

it

increases

their

stability,reduces

tiredness

and

prevents

cramps(抽搐)

during

long

surgeries,all

of

which

lead

to

safer

surgeries.”可知,Lichorowic把機(jī)械臂比作外科醫(yī)生的未來(lái),有著諸多的優(yōu)點(diǎn),說(shuō)明他認(rèn)為這種機(jī)械臂是有前途的。故選C項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ3.WhatcanweknowaboutGalenRobotics?A.ItissponsoredbyJohn’sHopkinsUniversity.B.ItstillhasitsbaseinSiliconValleynow.C.Itsrobotarmwillbereleasedlaterthisyear.D.Itisscheduledtoexpandwithinthisyear.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“‘The

company

currently

employs

about

40

people,about

half

of

whom

have

advanced

degrees

from

John’s

Hopkins,’said

Lichorowic,adding

that

the

company

plans

to

grow

to

60

positions

by

the

end

of

the

year.”可知,公司要在年內(nèi)擴(kuò)大規(guī)模,增加工作崗位。故選D項(xiàng)。ⅠⅡⅢ4.Inwhichcolumnisthistextmostlikelytoappear?A.Mind&Brain. B.Health&Technology.C.Business&Investment. D.Physics&Medicine.√推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段“In

a

high-tech

lab

on

John’s

Hopkins

University’s

Homewood

campus

in

Maryland,engineers

have

been

building

a

robot

that

may

be

able

to

stitch(縫針)

back

together

the

broken

tissues

in

your

stomach

and

even

your

brain,no

doctor

needed.”可知,本文介紹一個(gè)能幫助縫補(bǔ)人體組織的智能組織自主機(jī)器人,由此推知,本文最有可能出現(xiàn)“健康與科技(Health

&

Technology)”專(zhuān)欄。ⅠⅡⅢBNooneintheUShas3D-printedatwo-storyhousebefore.Butnowthreecompaniesareworkingtogethertoprintthefirstlarge,two-storyhouseintheUS.Thehouse,whichisinHouston,Texas,wasdesignedbyacompany.Anothercompanyprovidedthe3Dprinter.Andaconstructioncompanyisdoingtheactualbuilding.LeslieLok,whodesignedthehouse,saystherearespecialchallengesinvolvedinprintingthetwo-storyhouse.Oneofthebiggestisthesizeofthemachineneededforthebuilding.The3DprinterinHoustonismassive.Itweighsover12tons.ⅠⅡⅢMs.Loksaysprintingthehousewilltakethemassivemachineabout330hours.That’sabouteightnormalworkweeks.Buttheteamisn’tinarush.Thoughit’satwo-yearproject,theactualprintingdidn’tstartuntillastJuly.Thehouseisnowabouthalfwayfinished.“Wearenottryingtobeattheclock,”saysHikmatZerbe,whoworksfortheconstructioncompany.Instead,they’reusingthehouseasa“biglaboratory”tolearnmoreabout3D-printinghouses.Theywanttoseehowtheconcretereacts“underdifferentweatherconditions”.ⅠⅡⅢTheyalsowanttofigureouthowtomake3D-printingfasterandcheaper.Mr.Zerbesaysthatcurrently,3D-printingahousewithconcretecostsmorethanbuildingahousewithwood.That’spartlybecausethetechnologyisnew.Withtimegoingby,Mr.Zerbeexpectsthecostsof3D-printedhousestogodown.Hethinksprinterswillimproveandmakeiteasiertocreatemorehousesquickly.3D-printedconcretehousesarestrongerandholdupbetterinseriousstormsthanhousebuiltwithwood.Thiscansavemoneyinthelongrun.Sincethemachineisdoingthebuilding,fewerworkersareneeded,whichalsosavesmoney.ⅠⅡⅢBesides,with3D-printing,it’seasytomakeeachhousedifferentfromotherhouses.Thesekindsofchangescanapplytoalmostanytiling.HikmatZerbesaysthatmeansinthefuture,eachhousecouldbecreatedspeciallyforitsowner.【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。文章主要報(bào)道了目前有三家公司正在合作打印美國(guó)第一個(gè)兩層的大房子,而這有望成為一種趨勢(shì)。ⅠⅡⅢ5.Whatisabigprobleminprintingthetwo-storyhouse?A.Thelimitedtime.B.Thelackofskilledworkers.C.Theneedforhuge3Dprinters.D.Theshortageofbuildingmaterials.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“Leslie

Lok,who

designed

the

house,says

there

are

special

challenges

involved

in

printing

the

two-story

house.One

of

the

biggest

is

the

size

of

the

machine

needed

for

the

building.The

3D

printer

in

Houston

is

massive.It

weighs

over

12

tons.”可知,最大的問(wèn)題之一就是需要巨大的打印機(jī)。ⅠⅡⅢ6.Whatistobestudiedinthebuildingprocess?A.Howtheprintedhousesstandwearandtear.B.How3D-printedhousesaremadestronger.C.Howworkerscanprintlargehousesquicker.D.Howconcretechangeswiththeshiftofweather.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知,在建房的過(guò)程中,他們想研究混凝土在“不同天氣條件下”的反應(yīng)。ⅠⅡⅢ7.Whatisadisadvantageofthe3D-printedhouseatpresent?A.Itscostishigher.B.Itcan’tsurvivethestorm.C.Itusesspecialconcrete.D.Itneedsexperiencedworkers.√細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段的“They

also

want

to

figure

out

how

to

make

3D-printing

faster

and

cheaper.Mr.Zerbe

says

that

currently,3D-printing

a

house

with

concrete

costs

more

than

building

a

house

with

wood.”可知,3D房屋的造價(jià)成本較高。ⅠⅡⅢ8.HowdoesMr.Zerbefeelaboutthefutureof3D-printing?A.Negative. B.Unclear.C.Worried. D.Hopeful.√推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段可知,Hikmat

Zerbe對(duì)3D打印的未來(lái)抱有希望。ⅠⅡⅢⅡ.完形填空WhenIwasagraduatestudent,Ifelttoobusytoexercise.IpromisedmyselfI’ddoitonceI

1

school.IknewIwouldbebusyasanassistantprofessor.

2

,Ibelievedinmywillpower.

WhenIstartedmyfirstjobatWilliamsCollege,I

3

didexerciseregularly.ItturnedoutthatIwasina(n)

4

thatofferedexcellentsupportforwhatI

5

todo.

ⅠⅡⅢResearchshowsthatour

6

areinfluencedbywhetherourenvironmentmakessomethingeasyordifficult.Eventhesmallestdifferencecanhaveanoutsized

7

.Inonestudy,researchers

8

itemsfromthefronttothebackofasaladbar—achangeofjust10inches—andthe

9

inconveniencemadepeopleeatlessoftheseitems.

MyplantoexercisebenefitedfromWilliamstown’slongwinter.Peoplefiguredthebestwaythroughitwastoget

10

happilyandenjoyit.Ikeptmeetingpeoplewhowere

11

joggers.WhenIstarted,theywerequicktooffersocial

12

.Withsomanyrunnersintown,itwaseasytofindtrails(小徑),includingthose

13

forbeginners.

ⅠⅡⅢDo

14

yourenvironmenttomakechallengingtaskseasier.Ifyouwanttosocialize,befriendoutgoingpersons.Or

15

yourcellphonewhenyouneedtoconcentrateonstudy.Therightsurroundingsaremorepowerfulthanwillpoweralone.

ⅠⅡⅢ1.A.attended B.finishedC.started D.quitted2.A.However B.ThereforeC.Instead D.Meanwhile3.A.unwillingly B.virtuallyC.actually D.barely4.A.occupation B.situationC.position D.environment5.A.hoped B.insistedC.hesitated D.managed6.A.experiences B.choicesC.insights D.emotions7.A.advantage B.rewardC.effect D.risk8.A.examined B.connectedC.counted D.moved9.A.obvious B.majorC.unique D.slight10.A.aboard B.outdoorsC.home D.insideⅠⅡⅢ11.A.enthusiastic B.sensitiveC.independent D.ambitious12.A.resources B.activitiesC.support D.service13.A.instructive B.strangeC.tough D.appropriate14.A.change B.protectC.ignore D.accept15.A.answer B.silenceC.keep D.ringⅠⅡⅢ【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。作者結(jié)合自己鍛煉的經(jīng)歷告訴我們環(huán)境會(huì)讓我們的選擇變得容易或困難。1.B

根據(jù)上文“When

I

was

a

graduate

student,I

felt

too

busy

to

exercise.”推知,作者向自己承諾,一畢業(yè)有了時(shí)間就參加鍛煉。2.A

上文“I

knew

I

would

be

busy

as

an

assistant

professor.”和本句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。3.C

根據(jù)上文“I

promised

myself

I’d

do

it

once

I

school.”推知,作者從事第一份工作時(shí)開(kāi)始定期鍛煉,用“事實(shí)上”符合語(yǔ)境。

4.D

根據(jù)下文“are

influenced

by

whether

our

environment

makes

something

easy

or

difficult”和“Do

your

environment

to

make

challenging

tasks

easier.”可知,所處的環(huán)境會(huì)給我們帶來(lái)一定的影響。

ⅠⅡⅢ5.A

根據(jù)上文“I

promised

myself

I’d

do

it

once

I

school.”可知,此處是指希望做的事情。

6.B

結(jié)合上文提到作者上學(xué)時(shí)很少鍛煉,從事第一份工作后經(jīng)常鍛煉可知,作者認(rèn)為人們的選擇受到環(huán)境的影響。7.C

根據(jù)“the

smallest

difference”和下文稍微移動(dòng)沙拉柜臺(tái)上食物的研究可知,此處是指小的差異有時(shí)甚至?xí)a(chǎn)生巨大的影響。8.D

根據(jù)“from

the

front

to

the

back

of

a

salad

bar”可知,研究人員移動(dòng)了沙拉柜臺(tái)上的食物。9.D

根據(jù)“a

change

of

just

10

inches”可知,食物只移動(dòng)了一點(diǎn),因此只造成了稍微的不便。ⅠⅡⅢ10.B

根據(jù)下文“With

so

many

runners

in

town,it

was

easy

to

find

trails(小徑)”可知,人們認(rèn)為度過(guò)冬天的最好辦法就是去戶外。11.A

根據(jù)下文“they

were

quick

to

offer

social

”推知,作者遇到的慢跑者都是熱情的。

12.C

根據(jù)上文“My

plan

to

exercise

benefited

from

Williamstown’s

long

winter.”推知,慢跑者給作者提供了社會(huì)支持。13.D

根據(jù)“it

was

easy

to

find

trails”推知,有很多路線,因此也包括適合初跑者的路線。ⅠⅡⅢ14.A

根據(jù)下文“The

right

surroundings

are

more

powerful

than

willpower

alone.”并結(jié)合作者的經(jīng)歷推知,改變環(huán)境會(huì)讓具有挑戰(zhàn)性的工作變得容易。15.B

根據(jù)“when

you

need

to

concentrate

on

study”可知,需要專(zhuān)注學(xué)習(xí)時(shí),就把手機(jī)調(diào)成靜音。ⅠⅡⅢⅢ.讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料,根據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段,使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Ohno.CoachCaffertyjustcalledmynameforthatevent.Thetwo-hundred-metrebreaststroke(蛙泳)forthecomingmeet!Notthebackstroke(仰泳)Ihadwishedandpracticedforsolong!ⅠⅡⅢBeadsofsweatpoppedoutovermyupperlip.Morganpressedherelbowintomyside,tryingtooffermemoralsupport.Butitdidn’thelp.Mystomachsanktomykneeslikeabrickinwater.Morgantriedtoconvincemeitwouldbefine.“MaybeCoachhasmoreconfidenceinyouthanyouthink.”“OrmaybeCoachCaffertyjustwanttogivetherestalaughwhenIsinktothebottomofthepool,”Ithoughtdesperately.IwalkedtowardsCoachCaffertyandtoldheraboutmyinabilityandmydesiretoquitthisevent.ShefrownedandaskedifitwaswhatIreallywanted.Ihesitated.Placingherhandonmyshoulder,shestartedsmilingandencouragedmetopushmyselfoutsideofmycomfortzone.ⅠⅡⅢThefirstpracticewasadisaster.Ilostrhythmonmystrokes.Imessedupmyturns.Ievenhadtostopandcatchmybreathafewtimes.Ifelteveryonewaslaughingatmeandmystomachtwisted.HowcouldImakeitwithinjusttwoweeks?ButonceIdraggedmyselfoutofthewater,exhaustedandfrustrated,CoachCaffertythumbeduptome,sayingIdidreallywellandjustneededmoreconfidenceinmyselfandmoretimetopractice.Onthewaybackhome,Morgancomfortedme,“Dear,justignoreothers.

Raceagainstyourself.Countyourownstrokes.Provetoyourselfthatyoucandoit.”Withthesewordssaidtomealmosteveryday,beforeoraftereachpractice,somethinggraduallychanged:bothhowIswamthebreaststrokeandhowIfeltabouttheeventaswellasmyself.ⅠⅡⅢThemeetfinallycame.Iarrivedatthepoolhall,stillalittlebitworried.Aseacheventclickedcloser