2025版新教材高中英語Unit1PeopleofAchievementSectionⅠReadingandThinking課內(nèi)探究新人教版選擇性必修第一冊

Unit1PeopleofAchievementSectionⅠReadingandThinking核心單詞1．crucialadj.至關(guān)重要的；關(guān)鍵性的①(2022·北京高考)Systemsthinkingiscrucialtoachievingtargetssuchaszerohungerandbetternutritionbecauseitrequiresconsideringthewayinwhichfoodisproduced,processed,deliveredandconsumed.系統(tǒng)思維對于實(shí)現(xiàn)零饑餓和更好的營養(yǎng)等目標(biāo)至關(guān)重要，因?yàn)樗枰紤]食物的生產(chǎn)、加工、運(yùn)輸和消費(fèi)方式。②(朗文當(dāng)代)Itiscrucialthattheproblemistackledimmediately.立即解決這個(gè)問題至關(guān)重要。③(中國日報(bào))2022WinterOlympicsandParalympicsareanimportantlandmarkeventChinaheldatacrucialmoment.2022年冬季奧運(yùn)會(huì)和殘奧會(huì)是中國在關(guān)鍵時(shí)刻舉行的重要里程碑式事件。④(劍橋高階)Crucially,almost50percentofparticipantsfelttheyweremoreproductiveatwork.最關(guān)鍵的是，近50%的參與者感覺他們在工作中更有效率了。G歸納拓展M名師點(diǎn)津Itiscrucialthat...that引導(dǎo)的主語從句中謂語動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語氣，即“should＋動(dòng)詞原形”的形式，should可以省略。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①It'scrucialtomeasure(measure)inpatients'signsoflife.②(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅱ卷)Seekingandacceptingconstructivefeedback(反饋)iscrucialtogrowth.③It'scrucialthatyoukeepitinyourheart.翻譯句子④Chewingproperlyiscruciallyimportant.正確地咀嚼是至關(guān)重要的。⑤緊要關(guān)頭他卻不在那里。Hewasn'tthereatthecrucialmoment.2．vitaladj.必不可少的；極其重要的；充滿生機(jī)的①(柯林斯詞典)TourismisvitalfortheSpanisheconomy.旅游業(yè)對西班牙經(jīng)濟(jì)至關(guān)重要。②(劍橋高階)Itisvitaltogetmedicalsuppliestotheareaassoonaspossible.盡快向該地區(qū)運(yùn)送醫(yī)療用品至關(guān)重要。③(牛津高階)Itisvitalthatweacttostopthedestructionoftherainforests.至關(guān)緊要的是，我們應(yīng)當(dāng)采取行動(dòng)制止破壞雨林。G歸納拓展單句語法填空①(2019·天津卷)Understandinghistoryisvitaltounderstandingourselvesasapeopleandasanation.②Educationisvitally(vital)importantforthecountry'sfuture.③Youngpeople,fullofvigourandvitality(vital),arelikethesunateightornineinthemorning.④Itisvitalthathumanbeings(should)obey(obey)therulesofnature.翻譯句子⑤面對失敗，我們要有良好的心態(tài)，這很重要。Itisvitalthatwe(should)haveagoodstateofmindinthefaceoffailure.3．commitvt.承諾；保證vi.忠于；全心全意投入(工作、活動(dòng)等)①(劍橋高階)Thegovernmentmustcommititselftoimprovinghealthcare.政府必須致力于改善醫(yī)療保健。②(柯林斯詞典)Youdon'thavetocommittoanythingoverthephone.你不必通過電話承諾任何事情。③(柯林斯詞典)Wemadeacommitmenttokeepworkingtogether.我們作了承諾要繼續(xù)在一起工作。④(柯林斯詞典)Hesaidthegovernmentremainedcommittedtopeace.他說，政府仍然致力于和平。G歸納拓展T圖解助記J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Heisregardedasacommitted(commit)supporterofthereformpolicy.②Ourcompanyhasacommitment(commit)toqualityandcustomerservice.③Hehascommittedhimselftothecauseofeducation.完成句子④Thisdevelopmentareaiscommittedto(致力于)creatingaperfectinvestmentenvironment.⑤There'snodoubtthathercolleaguecommittedacrime(犯了罪)andwasputintoprison.⑥Ifyouareseriousaboutourrelationship,youshouldmakeacommitment(做出承諾)．4．extractn．提取物；摘錄vt.提取；提煉；摘錄；(用力)拔出①(牛津高階)Thefollowingextractistakenfromhernewnovel.以下節(jié)選自她的新小說。②(劍橋高階)Theoilwhichisextractedfromolivesisusedforcooking.從橄欖中提取的油用于烹飪。③(劍橋高階)Thetoothwaseventuallyextracted.這顆牙齒最終被拔掉了。G歸納拓展T圖解助記J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thisarticleisextractedfromhisnewbook.②Theseareallextracts(extract)fromthelongpoem.翻譯句子③Thedentistmaydecidethatthewisdomteethneedtobeextracted.牙醫(yī)可能決定拔掉智齒。④Sheenjoysreadingliteraryclassics,makingextractsasshegoesalong.她熱衷于讀文學(xué)名著，邊讀邊做摘記。5．obtainvt.(尤指經(jīng)努力)獲得；贏得vi.(規(guī)章、習(xí)俗等)存在；流行①(中國日報(bào))Governmentsatalllevelsshouldhelpenterprisestoobtainmoreordersthroughvariousonlineandofflinechannels.各級(jí)政府要幫助企業(yè)通過各種線上線下渠道獲取更多訂單。②(朗文當(dāng)代)Furtherinformationcanbeobtainedfromheadoffice.可從總部獲得進(jìn)一步的信息。③(劍橋高階)InformationonthesubjectiseasilyobtainableontheInternet.有關(guān)這一主題的信息很容易在互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上獲得。G歸納拓展J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Someofthesaltthatweuseisobtainedfromthesea.②(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷)Forinstance,theaverageobtained(obtain)fromtheestimatesoffourdiscussiongroupsoffivewassignificantlymoreaccuratethantheaverageobtained(obtain)from20independentindividuals.完成句子③Youshouldobtainpermission(獲得允許)fromtheheadteacherbeforeyouleaveschool.④Bothofthesebookscanbeobtainedfrom(從……中得到)thelibrary.6．a(chǎn)cknowledgevt.承認(rèn)(屬實(shí)、權(quán)威等)；(公開)感謝①(中國日報(bào))Wemustacknowledgethechallengeswhenacityislockeddown,ashappenedinShanghaiandsomeothercities.我們必須承認(rèn)當(dāng)一個(gè)城市被封鎖時(shí)所面臨的挑戰(zhàn)，就像上海和其他一些城市一樣。②(牛津高階)Itisgenerallyacknowledgedtobetrue.普遍認(rèn)為那是真的。③(朗文當(dāng)代)Manyofthepooracknowledgedhimastheirspiritualleader.許多窮苦人承認(rèn)他是他們的精神領(lǐng)袖。④(劍橋高階)Sheacknowledgedhavingbeenatfault.她承認(rèn)自己有錯(cuò)。⑤(中國日報(bào))Ithasbeenwidelyacknowledgedthattheseemergingpollutantsareincreasinglybecomingahazard.人們普遍認(rèn)為，這些新出現(xiàn)的污染物正日益成為一種危險(xiǎn)物質(zhì)。G歸納拓展T圖解助記J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Thedirectorofthefactoryhadtoacknowledgereleasing(release)chemicalwasteintotheriver.②Theseflowersareasmallacknowledgement(acknowledge)ofyourgreatkindness.一句多譯③普遍認(rèn)為，她是世界上最棒的網(wǎng)球選手之一。Shewaswidelyacknowledgedas/tobeoneofthebestplayersintheworld.④Itwaswidelyacknowledgedthatshewasoneofthebestplayersintheworld.7．defeatn．失敗；挫敗vt.擊??；戰(zhàn)勝①(牛津高階)Hehasnotyetlearnedhowtobegraciousindefeat.他還沒有學(xué)會(huì)怎樣豁達(dá)大度地面對失敗。②(朗文當(dāng)代)Shewasawomanwhohatedtoadmitdefeat.她是一個(gè)不愿承認(rèn)失敗的女人。③(牛津高階)Hedefeatedthechampioninthreesets.他三盤擊敗了冠軍。④(中國日報(bào))StefanosTsitsipaswasdefeatedbyDanishteenagerHolgerRune7－5,3－6,6－3,6－4earlierintheFrenchOpen.當(dāng)天早些時(shí)候，斯特凡諾斯·齊齊帕斯以7－5、3－6、6－3、6－4在法國網(wǎng)球公開賽上被丹麥少年霍爾格·魯內(nèi)擊敗。G歸納拓展T圖解助記J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Ifyouaredefeatedbyfailures,youareafailureindeed.②Theworldchampionhasonlyhadtwodefeats(defeat)in20fights.完成句子③Theysufferedadefeat(遭遇失敗)inthebattle.④Itwaslackofeffort,notofmoney,thatdefeatedtheirplan(使他們的計(jì)劃失敗)．⑤Thistimeourteamwasdefeated(被擊敗)by2goalsto5.8．insistvi.&vt.堅(jiān)持；堅(jiān)決要求①I'mafraidwehavetocallthewholedealoffifyoustillinsistonyouroriginalquotation.如果你們?nèi)匀粓?jiān)持原來報(bào)價(jià)，我們就只好放棄這筆交易。②(柯林斯詞典)Sheinsistedonbeingpresentatalltheinterviews.她堅(jiān)持要出席所有的面試。G歸納拓展insisteq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(insiston/uponsth.堅(jiān)決要求；堅(jiān)持；強(qiáng)調(diào),insiston/uponsb./sb.'sdoingsth.堅(jiān)決要,求某人做某事,insistthat...堅(jiān)持……))M名師點(diǎn)津insist后接that從句時(shí)，應(yīng)分清兩種情況：(1)表示“堅(jiān)決要求”“一定要”，從句所指的一般是尚未實(shí)現(xiàn)的事實(shí)，此時(shí)謂語通常用虛擬語氣should＋動(dòng)詞原形，should可省略。相似用法的動(dòng)詞有：一命令(command,order)，二要求(request,require/demand)，三建議(suggest,advise,recommend)，四主張(advocate)。(朗文當(dāng)代)HeinsistedI(should)takeataxiandofferedtopayforit.他堅(jiān)持要我坐出租車，并主動(dòng)提出他付錢。(2)表示“堅(jiān)持說”“堅(jiān)持認(rèn)為”，從句所指的通常是已經(jīng)發(fā)生的事或已存在的狀態(tài)，謂語一般用陳述語氣，引導(dǎo)詞that可省略。(朗文當(dāng)代)Hisfriendsinsistedhehadnoconnectionwithdrugs.他的朋友堅(jiān)稱他與毒品無關(guān)。易混辨析：insiston(doing)sth./stickto(doing)sth./persistin(doing)sth.insiston(doing)sth.堅(jiān)持某種做法、意見、主張stickto(doing)sth.表示繼續(xù)努力從事于某項(xiàng)工作時(shí)，后接動(dòng)名詞；表示堅(jiān)持原則、計(jì)劃、諾言、決定、真理、路線時(shí)，后多接名詞persistin(doing)sth.指不作任何改變地堅(jiān)持某事：可能是一件好事，也可能是一件壞事。常包含固執(zhí)己見的意思，但也可指意志的堅(jiān)定①(柯林斯詞典)Imanagedtosticktothedietandkeepoffsweetfoods.我設(shè)法堅(jiān)持節(jié)食，不吃甜食。②(牛津高階)Whydoyoupersistinblamingyourselfforwhathappened?你何必為已發(fā)生的事沒完沒了地自責(zé)？J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2022·全國乙卷)Theysimplyinsistonmutual(相互的)recognitionandregard.②Heinsistedthathehaddone(do)nothingwrongand(should)beset(set)free.③Isuggestyou(should)take(take)theformsawayandreadthematyourleisure.④Thoughtherewasonlyaslimchancetowinthegame,alloftheteammemberschosetosticktotheend.一句多譯爸爸堅(jiān)持要求我們每天至少要學(xué)一樣新東西。⑤Papainsistedthatwe(should)learnatleastonenewthingeveryday.(insistthat)⑥Papainsistedonourlearningatleastonenewthingeveryday.(insiston)必備短語1．getstuck卡住；陷入；被難?、賂hisdrawerkeepsgettingstuck.這個(gè)抽屜動(dòng)不動(dòng)就卡住。②Thecargotstuckinthemudandhadtorelyonhorsestogetridofit.那輛小汽車陷在了泥漿之中，不得不依靠馬匹脫離困境。G歸納拓展(1)“get＋過去分詞”短語getlost迷路getpunished受懲罰getdivorced離婚getwashed洗臉getseparated被分開getpaid得到報(bào)酬getdressed穿衣服getmarried結(jié)婚getengaged訂婚getdrunk喝醉(2)常用的表示“陷入……之中”的短語：be/getstuckin,be/gettrappedin,be/getcaughtin。M名師點(diǎn)津“get＋過去分詞”強(qiáng)調(diào)過程或動(dòng)作?！癰e＋過去分詞”強(qiáng)調(diào)既成的結(jié)果。Thevasewasbroken,buthewantedtoknowhowitgotbroken.花瓶碎了，但是他想知道它是怎樣被打碎的。J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedstuck(stick)abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.②(2021·3月天津卷)Whilerock-climbing,youneedtoremainveryfocused(focus)sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors.③Thelittlegirlwhogotlost(lose)decidedtoremainwhereshewasandwaitforhermother.④Atfirsttheydislikedeachother,buttheyendedupgettingmarried(marry)aftergoingthroughalottogether.完成句子⑤—SorryI'mlate.Igotstuckin(陷入了)traffic.—Nevermind.You'reherenow.Comeinandsitdown.2．bychance偶然；碰巧①Iheardtheirtalkingbychance.我偶然聽到他們的談話。②IheardthemhavingaheatedargumentbychancewhenIpassedby.我路過時(shí)碰巧聽到他們在激烈地爭吵。G歸納拓展takeachance冒險(xiǎn)takeone'schances碰運(yùn)氣haveachanceofdoing/todosth.有機(jī)會(huì)/可能做某事Thereisachancethat.../Therearechancesthat.../Chancesarethat...有可能……byaccident偶然；碰巧bydesign＝onpurpose故意地J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①ImethimbychanceatSaintBasil'sCathedral.②Iwon'ttakeachanceonaJulyholidayinBritain—italwaysrains.③Heoftenhurtsmyfeelingbydesign.完成句子④Researchhasconfirmedthattheaccidenthappenedbychance/byaccident(偶然)．⑤Youshouldnevertakeachance/takeyourchances(冒險(xiǎn))whendrivingacar.3．otherthan除……以外(通常用于否定陳述后)；絕不是①HehasvisitedeverycountryinAsiaotherthanJapan.除了日本之外，他訪問了所有的亞洲國家。②Heneverspeakstomeotherthantoaskforsomething.他除了向我要東西，從不跟我說話。G歸納拓展noneotherthan...正是……fornootherreasonthanthat只是因?yàn)閙orethan超過；多于；不僅僅；非常lessthan不足；不到；少于ratherthan而不是J即學(xué)即練完成句子①Byservingothers,apersonfocusesonsomeoneratherthan(而不是)himselforherself,whichcanbeveryeye-opening.②Theexpertisnoneotherthan(正是)hisyoungerbrother.辨析填空：otherthan/morethan/lessthan/ratherthan③Thetruthwasknowntonooneotherthanherself.④(2023·1月浙江高考卷)I'mmorethanhappytobehere.⑤Inlessthanthreedays,shefinishedallthework,whichsurprisedusgreatly.⑥(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷)Thereyouwillfindthemprepareddifferently—moredumplingandlesssoup,andthewrappersarepressedbyhandratherthanrolled.重點(diǎn)句型1．Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,andisthoughttosave100,000livesayearinAfricaalone.青蒿素成了抗瘧疾藥物的關(guān)鍵成分，據(jù)估計(jì)每年僅在非洲就挽救了十萬人的性命。J句型剖析這是一個(gè)簡單句。and連接兩個(gè)并列的謂語hasbecome與isthought。bethoughttodosth.被認(rèn)為做某事，該句型可以轉(zhuǎn)化為Itis/wasthoughtthat...。本句可以轉(zhuǎn)化為：Artemisininhasbecomeavitalpartofthetreatmentformalaria,anditisthoughtthatartemisininsaves100,000livesayearinAfricaalone。①(2021·全國甲卷)Aroundagesixtheystarttoavoidactivitiessaidtobeforchildrenwhoare“really,reallysmart”．六歲左右，他們開始避免那些據(jù)說是為“非常非常聰明”的孩子們準(zhǔn)備的活動(dòng)。②(朗文當(dāng)代)At115,MrsJacksonisbelievedtobetheoldestpersoninthecountry.據(jù)信，現(xiàn)年115歲的杰克遜夫人是美國年齡最大的人。③(牛津高階)Thehousewasreportedtobeinexcellentcondition.據(jù)報(bào)道，這所房子狀況良好。G歸納拓展其他“be＋過去分詞＋to”結(jié)構(gòu)eq\b\lc\{\rc\(\a\vs4\al\co1(besaidto...據(jù)說……,beclaimedto...據(jù)聲稱……,berequiredto...據(jù)要求……,bebelievedto...據(jù)信……,bereportedto...據(jù)報(bào)道……,beannouncedto...據(jù)宣布……))J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①(2023·全國乙卷)ItisrecentlyreportedthatthenumberofthosestickingtoatraditionaldietisslowlydecliningandaroundhalfofBritain'sconsumerswouldliketochangeorimprovetheircookinginsomeway.②Thevaseonthebookshelfisthought(think)tobeasoldasthetreeinfrontofthechurch.③Thediarytellsthechildrenandparentswhatisrequiredtobe(be)doneonanyoneevening.④(2023·北京卷)Apersonisthoughttodevelop(develop)ahabitinthecourseofpursuinggoalsbybeginningtoassociatecertaincues(刺激)withbehaviouralresponsesthathelpmeetthegoal.完成句子⑤Themayorisreportedto(據(jù)報(bào)道)visitourschoolnextweek.⑥Anagreementwasannouncedtohavebeenreached(被宣布已達(dá)成)attheendofthemeeting.同義句轉(zhuǎn)換⑦ItisthoughtthattheChinesepeoplestartedtousepapermoneyearlierthanwesterners.→TheChinesepeoplearethoughttostarttousepapermoneyearlierthanwesterners.2.In1967,theChinesegovernmentformedateamofscientistswiththeobjectiveofdiscoveringanewtreatmentformalaria,andTuYouyouwasamongthefirstresearcherschosen.1967年，中國政府組建了一支科學(xué)家團(tuán)隊(duì)，旨在發(fā)現(xiàn)一種治療瘧疾的新方法，屠呦呦是其中首批入選的研究人員。J句型剖析本句是由and連接的并列句。介詞短語withtheobjective...formalaria作第一個(gè)分句的狀語，表示目的。第二個(gè)分句中chosen是過去分詞用作后置定語，修飾thefirstresearchers。①Thegroundwascoveredwithfallenleaves.地上滿是落葉。②Thebuildingbuiltlastyear(＝whichwasbuiltlastyear)isourclassroombuilding.去年建造的那棟樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。G歸納拓展過去分詞作定語位置功能單個(gè)過去分詞：通常作前置定語，也可作后置定語，用以強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作相當(dāng)于一個(gè)形容詞過去分詞短語：作后置定語相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語從句易混辨析：現(xiàn)在分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行邏輯主語和現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成主動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)的過去分詞作定語表示動(dòng)作已經(jīng)完成邏輯主語和過去分詞構(gòu)成被動(dòng)表示動(dòng)作是被動(dòng)的J即學(xué)即練單句語法填空①Duetotheadmissionofmorestudents,ourschoolneedsmuchmorequalified(qualify)teachers.②(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷)First,heconstructedaseriesofclearfiberglasstanksconnected(connect)toeachother.③(2023·新課標(biāo)全國Ⅰ卷)Butanewstudyled(lead)byJoaquinNavaja