高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn)及解題策略省公開課金獎(jiǎng)全國(guó)賽課一等獎(jiǎng)微課獲獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

完形填空1/63高考英語(yǔ)完形填空趨勢(shì)從近幾年全國(guó)高考完形填空來(lái)看，已經(jīng)不再考評(píng)學(xué)生語(yǔ)法方面知識(shí)了，而是從語(yǔ)義搭配、結(jié)構(gòu)搭配、慣用搭配及邏輯知識(shí)等方面來(lái)測(cè)試學(xué)生詞匯掌握及利用。而且有些詞選擇，必須在了解整篇文章基礎(chǔ)上，才能作出正確判斷。2/63高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn)1.短文長(zhǎng)度280詞左右，生詞少，難度適中。2.首句無(wú)空格，提供語(yǔ)境。5-10詞設(shè)一空。人名、地名、日期、數(shù)字不在之列。隔詞數(shù)越少，題目越難；反之亦然。3.選項(xiàng)多為一詞，偶然為詞組。四選項(xiàng)為同一類詞或?qū)偻环秶蚪x或形異義，或與前后配成詞組。故干擾性、迷性大。3/63高考英語(yǔ)完形填空命題特點(diǎn)4.考查單詞以實(shí)詞(v.,n.,adj.,adv,pron.)為主，虛詞(conj.,prep.)為輔。實(shí)詞普通占80%-90%，其中又以動(dòng)、名、形為主。5.以考查學(xué)生對(duì)文章整體了解和詞匯意義把握為主。有些要結(jié)合常識(shí)才能正確選項(xiàng)；有些甚至要求在通篇了解基礎(chǔ)上，正確把握上下文邏輯關(guān)系，才能正確判斷和選擇。4/63

選項(xiàng)設(shè)置詞匯類別百分比（江蘇）：年份動(dòng)詞副詞名詞／代詞形容詞連詞介詞２００４７３４５１２００５５３５５２２００６８２６２１１２００７４２７４３5/63年考點(diǎn)分布以下：動(dòng)詞37，40，42，43，47，48，50，51，54，55名詞36，38，39，41，44，45形容詞46副詞49連詞53代詞526/63語(yǔ)篇分析

完形填空是原版材料改編，尤其重視上下文邏輯推理能力。在20題當(dāng)中，著重考查動(dòng)詞(10題)和名詞(6題)。文章選項(xiàng)非常巧妙，除了要求對(duì)語(yǔ)境要有充分把握之外，對(duì)詞匯比較也有很細(xì)致要求。如第41題，考查名詞purpose

、decision、promise、goal在語(yǔ)境中辨析。46題較難，一定要了解Glennie這時(shí)實(shí)際上還沒(méi)有成名，所以不可能有dissatisfied（不滿意）、astonished（詫異）、discouraged（氣餒）這些感覺(jué)。7/63學(xué)生主要問(wèn)題1.不善于抓文章主旨，造成在了解上出現(xiàn)偏差，甚至于文章中心意思相悖。2.輕易受定勢(shì)思維干擾。有些學(xué)生一看到自己比較熟悉語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)、句子、短語(yǔ)，便不假思索地去選，忽略了對(duì)特定語(yǔ)境了解，最終造成思維定勢(shì)錯(cuò)誤。3.對(duì)完形填空懷有厭倦、恐懼心理，做題時(shí)往往處于疲于應(yīng)付心態(tài)，解題能力得不到充分發(fā)揮。8/63完形填空解題策略1.充分利用首句作為解題突破口完形填空首句往往是完整，不設(shè)空。而首句又經(jīng)常是全文中心句，所以，應(yīng)充分重視完形填空首句，經(jīng)過(guò)它大致把握全文大意和作者意圖，利用它作為解題突破口。依據(jù)首句提醒，捕捉文中關(guān)鍵信息，通覽全文，了解文章題材、體裁、結(jié)構(gòu)、背景、內(nèi)容大意、前因后果、情節(jié)發(fā)展、論點(diǎn)論據(jù)等基本信息。同時(shí)，能夠?qū)τ行┛崭褚钤~做試探性猜測(cè)，為下一步選擇最正確選項(xiàng)作好準(zhǔn)備。9/63完形填空解題策略比如:Themanwasinragswhenhecameintothetailor’sshop.Theassistant__1___himandselectedhim__2___suitthattheyhad.Hesaidthathedidn’thaveanysmallchangeonhim.1.A.lookedforB.lookeddownuponC.lookeduptoD.lookedhereandthere2.A.themostexpensiveB.thenewestC.thecheapestD.thelargest10/63完形填空解題策略解析:文章一開頭就出現(xiàn)了對(duì)人物描述“inrags”，這個(gè)描述就是文段關(guān)鍵詞。開篇說(shuō)到衣衫襤褸，后文又沒(méi)有出現(xiàn)轉(zhuǎn)折，由此，我們能夠判斷1空能夠確定為B項(xiàng)；依然由他衣著，可推斷售貨員會(huì)挑最廉價(jià)衣服給他，故2空選C。11/63完形填空解題策略2.依據(jù)上下文邏輯意義確定答案文章是一個(gè)含有內(nèi)在聯(lián)絡(luò)整體，而上下文則是營(yíng)造語(yǔ)境基礎(chǔ)，也是邏輯推理依據(jù)。通讀全文，理順大意，依據(jù)上下文找出信息詞，是做好完形填空技巧之一。完形填空命題設(shè)計(jì)上正朝著深層化和語(yǔ)境化方向發(fā)展，逐步淡化單純語(yǔ)言分析考查，而越來(lái)越側(cè)重邏輯推理判斷考查。詞語(yǔ)在特定語(yǔ)境中所表示隱含信息大都無(wú)法從字面或一個(gè)或幾個(gè)句子表面了解傳達(dá)出來(lái)。這就大大增加了干擾項(xiàng)迷惑性，從而提升了試題難度。所以，要想處理這類題目，只有借助上下文乃至全文語(yǔ)境提醒。12/63完形填空解題策略比如:Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood_____.Theycan’twatchTVbuttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.A.hearingB.healthC.eyesightD.time解析:從“canlisten”可排除A,從“can’twatch”可知選C.13/63完形填空解題策略3.從詞匯意義和使用方法方面考慮做好完形填空題須具備較大詞匯量，并結(jié)合上下文確定詞義。完形填空在命題過(guò)程中，淡化基礎(chǔ)句型結(jié)構(gòu)、語(yǔ)法規(guī)則和短語(yǔ)搭配，側(cè)重詞匯活用。應(yīng)該加強(qiáng)對(duì)詞合乎情景需求判斷訓(xùn)練，加深對(duì)基本詞匯感受能力和應(yīng)用能力，提升解完形填空題技能。14/63完形填空解題策略比如:Ifhecontinuestosteal,heismost_____toendupinprison.A.possibleB.probablyC.likelyD.perhaps解析:此題主要是考查同義詞使用方法，依據(jù)它們使用方法上差異，只能選C.15/63完形填空解題策略4.積累習(xí)慣使用方法和固定搭配完形填空題中考查習(xí)慣搭配和固定使用方法題目也占有一定比重，這就要求平時(shí)記憶和積累，做到脫口而出。這類題屬于較輕易題，普通在初選時(shí)就能確定。16/63完形填空解題策略5.依據(jù)作者態(tài)度和觀點(diǎn)作者寫一篇文章必有他意圖和目標(biāo)，作者在表示情感時(shí)總是選擇特定詞匯，所以文章字里行間不可防止地滲透了作者情感。做完形填空時(shí)，應(yīng)該留心捕捉作者情感信息。17/63完形填空解題策略比如:EllaFantwasamiddle-agedladywholivedwithheronlysonJohninasmallhouse.She__1___Johnverymuch.Inher_2____hecouldn’tdoanything_3____.Everymorningshewouldgivehimbreakfast__4___bedandbringhimthepapersto_5____.1.A.dependedonB.waitedonC.trustedD.loved2.A.hopeB.eyesC.headD.belief3.A.wrongB.greatC.goodD.strange4.A.toB.atC.inD.by5.A.checkB.readC.keepD.sign18/63完形填空解題策略解析:通讀這段文字，了解到在作者看來(lái)，這位母親對(duì)兒子十分溺愛(ài)，認(rèn)為他不會(huì)做壞事。并用詳細(xì)事例來(lái)說(shuō)明這種溺愛(ài):早晨把飯端到兒子床上，并拿報(bào)紙給他讀。理清了這些，這幾個(gè)空就很輕易選了。1.D2.B3.A4.C5.B19/63完形填空解題策略6.注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)比如:___1__thewallet,foundinthestreet,beputintoapocket,_2____turnedovertothepoliceman?Shouldtheextrachargereceivedatthestorebeforgottenorreturned?1.A.ShouldB.MostC.WouldD.Need2A.andB.orC.thenD.but解析:兩個(gè)句子一對(duì)比，很輕易發(fā)覺(jué)他們結(jié)構(gòu)一致，于是選項(xiàng)也就明了了。1.A2.B20/63完形填空解題策略7.依據(jù)生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)和常識(shí)有些空包括到我們應(yīng)該具備常識(shí)，是否合乎情理是我們選擇依據(jù)。比如:Immediately,theofficersjumpedintotheircarsandrushedto_____hospital.A.animalB.biggestC.nearestD.plant解析:C.由“immediately”可知情況緊急，到最近醫(yī)院當(dāng)屬情理之中了。21/63完形填空解題分類實(shí)例分析一.按詞類分：

1.實(shí)詞2.虛詞3.詞組

22/63完形填空解題分類實(shí)例分析二.按形式分：

1.單純性選擇

2.常識(shí)性選擇

3.近義詞選擇

4.近形詞選擇

5.慣使用方法選擇23/63完形填空解題分類實(shí)例分析

三.按句義選擇四.按語(yǔ)義選擇24/63按詞類分：1.實(shí)詞例1：Everyonewantstobehealthyandhappy.__1__,illnessoraccidentsmayoccurwithout__2__.1.a.Obviouslyb.Unfortunatelyc.Naturallyd.Occasionally2.a.reasonrmationc.warningd.notice25/63按詞類分：1.實(shí)詞例2:Overthelastfewyearsmanufacturershavebeen__1__reducingthesizeandweightofvideo-cassetterecorderstomaketheequipmentmore___2___.1.a.steadilyb.constantlyc.frequentlyd.essentially2.a.valuableb.portable(輕便)c.selectived.economical26/63按詞類分：1.實(shí)詞例3:About120,000people_1__tothecityeveryyear.Theycomeforthefew_2__jobs,whichareusuallynobetterthan__3__theyleft.1.a.changeb.arrivec.drived.move2.a.possibleb.popularc.available(可用)d.convenient3.a.oneb.theonec.onesd.theones27/63按詞類分：2.虛詞例4：__1_youhavechosenanarticletoread,youwillfindtheimportantgeneralinformation_2__thekeyfactsinthefirstfewparagraphs.1.a.Whileb.Oncec.Assoonasd.Whenever2.a.withb.byc.ford.at28/63按詞類分：2.虛詞例5:WhenIhavefreetime,Igo_1__alongwalk.SomepeoplereadbooksorwatchTV_2__othershavesports.1.a.tob.forc.ond.with2a.andb.butc.yetd.while29/63按詞類分：2.虛詞例6:Theaudiencewaited__1_silencewhiletheiragedspeakersearchedamonghisnotes_2__thefigureshecouldnotremember.1.a.forb.inc.atd.during2.a.forb.ofc.aboutd.on30/63按詞類分：3.詞組例7：Hewasonlyfourteenandwasnotgoodatswimming__1_.Sohe_2__intothatplace.1.a.afterallb.inallc.atalld.forall2.a.needn’tgob.needn’thavegonec.shouldn't’tgod.shouldn’thavegone31/63例8：(詞組)We__1_aboutwhenmanfirstbegantousesalt,butwedoknowthatithasbeenusedinmanydifferentwaysthroughoutthehistory._2__,itisrecordedinmanybooksthatpeoplewholivedover3000yearsagoatesaltedfish.ThousandsofyearsagoinEgypt,salt__3__thedead.1.a.haveallknownb.havenoideac.haven’tanyideasd.haveanidea2.a.Forexampleb.Suchasc.Firstofalld.Aboveall3.a.usedtopreserveb.gotusedtopreservingc.usedtopreservingd.wasusedtopreserve32/63例9：(詞組)TheEnglishlanguageservesabout250millionpeople,oraboutonetenthoftheworld’spopulation,asamothertongue,_1__,itismoreorlesscorrectlyusedby_2__100million,moreasasecondarylanguage,ranging__3__fromthePidginEnglish(混合語(yǔ)言)oftheIslandsofMelanesiatothealmostperfectspeechofculturedforeigners.1.a.Howeverb.Asaresultc.inadditiontod.Inaddition2.a.atleastb.atmostc.mostandleastd.morethanenough3.a.allthewayb.bythewayc.onthewayd.intheway33/63按形式分：1.單純性選擇例10：_1__methodshavebeenusedto_2_theintelligenceofeverychild----dull,bright,ornormal.1.a.Valuableb.Variousc.Uniqued.Unusual2.a.measureb.describec.illustrated.recognize34/63按形式分：1.單純性選擇例11：Thetouristpaid700poundsforthepainting,buthe_1__thathedidn’tknowits__2__worth.1.misedb.claimedc.admittedd.permitted2.a.practicalb.additionalc.adequated.actual35/63按形式分：1.單純性選擇例12：__1_,noonewashurtintheaccident,butsomepassengerssufferedfrom__2__.1.a.Obviouslyb.Surprisinglyc.Fortunatelyd.Unfortunately2.a.distressb.shockc.failured.trouble36/63按形式分：1.單純性選擇例13:Beingmuchtoofat,Stellawasadvisedto_1__herfoodforeachmeal,yet,shewouldhave__2_ofthat.1.a.relaxb.reducec.relieved.remove2.a.nob.notc.noned.nothing37/63按形式分：1.單純性選擇例14:Atanearlyagetheyouthwilldevelophis_1__,andthekindofhomelifehehaswillgreatly__2__thedevelopment.1.a.hobbyb.personalityelligenced.knowledge2.a.increaseb.enhance(增強(qiáng))c.encouraged.influence(影響)38/63按形式分：2.常識(shí)性選擇例15：EveryonehasseentheOlympicGamesatsometime---eitherinMontreal,Barcelona.andeveryoneknowsthat_1__startedtheGames.Butmostpeopledon’tknowtherealstory.1.a.Greeksb.Frenchc.Americansd.English39/63按形式分：2.常識(shí)性選擇例16:Therearetwenty-sevenbridgesovertheThames.TowerBridge,thefirstbridgeovertheThamesasyoutraveltoward_1__fromthesea,isthemostfamousofthemall.1.a.Europeb.Americac.Londond.China40/63按形式分：2.常識(shí)性選擇例17:OneofthemostfamousstatuesintheworldstandsonanislandinNewYorkHarbor.Thisstatueis,ofcourse,theStatueoflibertyTheStatueoflibertyisa(an)_1__whoholdsa__2_uphigh.1.a.manb.womanc.childd.old2.a.caneb.candlec.torchd.lamp41/63按形式分：2.近義詞選擇例18：Heusedtohavea_1__ofcoin-collection,buthehasgivenitup.1.a.customb.habitc.hobbyd.like42/63按形式分：2.近義詞選擇例19:Americanschoolchildrencanbeseeneveryday__whitesneakers,bluesneakers,blacksneakersandevenredones.1.a.puttingonb.havingonc.wearingd.dressing43/63按形式分：2.近義詞選擇例20:Thewoundedsoldierwasunconsciousbutstill__1__whentakentothehospital.1.a.livingb.alivec.lived.lively44/63按形式分：2.近義詞選擇例21:Whilesomepeoplethinkthatsugaristhebest__1__of__2__,othersbelievethatsugarisbadforhumanhealth.1.a.originb.sourcec.resourced.cause2.a.powerb.energyc.forced.strength45/63按形式分：2.近形詞選擇例23:$500,000,000isasmallamountofmoney__1__thesizeofthemarket.1.a.consideredb.considerationc.considerabled.considering46/63按形式分：2.近形詞選擇例24:It’swonderfulforthefactthattheChineseteamwonanunexpectedgold_1__inSydney,12morethanitspreviousbest.1.a.metalsb.medalsc.modelsd.modals47/63按形式分：2.慣使用方法選擇例25:Itsuddenly__1__methatifwewanttogoonapicnictomorrowwehadbetterdosomepreparationsthisevening.1.a.hitonb.struckc.occurredd.drew48/63按形式分：2.慣使用方法選擇例26:Safeoperationmeansthatboththeoperatorsandtheequipmentare__1___fromharm.1.a.keptb.freedc.preventedd.hidden49/63按形式分：2.慣使用方法選擇例27:Wewerealmostexhaustedbeforewefinally__1__sightofthedilapidatedtemplewhichwassaidtobeoneoftheremains__2__backtothefifteencenturyB.C.1.a.heldb.caughtc.gotd.took2.a.datingb.tracedc.goingd.returned50/63按句義分：例29:Itwasaftermidnight,andIwasonmywayhome.Thefootstepsthat__1__methroughthedarkstreetintheEastEndofLondonwere_2__oftwoyoungmenwhowereobviously_3__nogood.1.a.stoopedb.pursued(追求)c.followedd.traced2.a.thoseb.thatc.onesd.one3.a.ofb.forc.uptod.onto51/63按句義分：例30:Nearlythree-quartersoftheearthiscovered__1__water.Waterheatsupmoreslowlythanland,_2__onceithasbecomewarmittakeslongertofall__3_.1.a.onb.withc.ind.by2.a.sob.andc.thend.but3.a.downb.upc.apartd.behind52/63按句義分：例31:Mrs.Whiteaddedlaughinglythat_1__shewassoyoungsheshouldhideherpacketinherpocketin_2__apolicemansawit._3__,thelittlegirldidnotseemtofindthisveryfunny.1.a.asb.forc.whiled.though2.a.consequenceb.timec.cased.fact3.a.Otherwiseb.Nevertheless(然而)c.Moreoverd.Therefore53/63按句義分：例32:Strangelyenough,Ioncetriedtogetsick.Ididn't’twearasweater__1_Ishould,andIwalkedintherain__2__mybootsandmyfeetgotsoaked._3__sofarnothingwronghashappened.1.a.whilevidedc.whend.though2.a.withb.inc.byd.without3.a.Butb.Thenc.Therefored.Yet

54/63按句義分：例33:Someparentsaregreatlyworried_1__theirchildrenfailtodowellintheirstudies.They_2__eithergeneticfactorsorlaziness,_3__theynevertakethesenon-intelligencefactorsinto__4__.1.a.aboutb.withc.whend.since2.a.blameplainc.confused.condemn3.a.neverthelessb.similarlyc.therefored.but4.a.figuresb.considerationc.grantedd.reflection55/63按句義分：例34:Acreditcardisa__1__ofidentification__2_whichtheownermayobtainconsumercreditforthe_3__ofgoodsorservices_4__thanpaycash.1.a.meanb.meansc.methodsd.ways2.a.byb.inc.throughd.with3.a.productionb.possessionc.purchaseperty4.a.betterb.morec.ratherd.right56/6