統(tǒng)考版高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)必修4Unit11TheMedia課時(shí)提能練含解析北師大版

一輪復(fù)習(xí)精品資料(高中)PAGE1-課時(shí)提能練(二十一)必修4Unit11TheMedia(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·開(kāi)封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)andco-founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，只有少數(shù)普通人為科學(xué)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。但科技的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，科學(xué)是任何人都能參與的，每個(gè)人都有可能成為科學(xué)家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進(jìn)步為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的普通人也能參與科學(xué)研究，促成了公民科學(xué)家的出現(xiàn)，故選B?！?．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識(shí)別方面，人類與機(jī)器相比，人類的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其能夠注意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確。〗3．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A〖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段Lintott表述的科學(xué)人人都能參與，第四段他表述的公民科學(xué)家有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和尾段中他說(shuō)的話“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學(xué)，故選A?！?．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC〖標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學(xué)家來(lái)引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學(xué)家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對(duì)于公民科學(xué)家的看法，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科學(xué)家，表達(dá)了任何人都可能成為科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題?！紹(2020·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體第二次聯(lián)考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data-drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgementsinavarietyofsituations.Peopleformlastingimpressionsofotherswithinasecondandconsumersmakeshoppingdecisionsbasedonlittleconsideration.Inarecentstudy，weaskedparticipantstoimaginehavingpleasantorunpleasanttalkswithanotherperson.Forcomparison，weaskedanothergroupofparticipantstoconsiderhowmanyofthosetalkstheywouldneedtodeterminesomeone'scharacter.Wefoundthatpeoplebelievedtheywouldneedmanytalkstomakethisjudgement，whileinfactthefirstgroupneededfew.Inanotherstudy，weaskedsomestudentstowriteapplicationsforsomepositions，andthenaskedactualHRpeopletoreadtheirmaterial.Thestudentswrotemuchmorematerialthantherecruiterscaredtoread.Thereareseveralreasonswhypeoplemighthavethewrongimpressionaboutmakingjudgements.Onepossibilityisthebeliefthatthehumanmindprocessesinformationincrementally(遞增地)，consideringthatnewinformationisaddedtooldinformationuntilsomementallevelisreachedformakingadecision.Inreality，however，thefirstfewpiecesofinformationweigh(有影響)muchmoreheavilythanthelaterinformation.Sometimesquickdecisionsareaccurateandcansavetime.However，theymaysometimesleadtomisunderstandings.Imagineasituationinwhichamanagerwithlimitedinformationformsanopinionofanemployeeheisunsureabout.Amanagerwhoseesanemployeemakeasmallmisstep(錯(cuò)誤)inanunimportantprojectmayavoidofferinghimchallengingprojectsinthefuture，whichinturnwouldaffectthisemployee'scareerdevelopment.Moderntechnologyallowsanydecisionmadetodaytobemoreinformedthanthesamedecisionmadeafewdecadesago.Butthehumanrelianceonquickjudgementsmayavoidthispromise.Intheexplorationformoreinformeddecision-making，researcherswillneedtoexplorewaystoencouragepeopletoslowdownthejudgement.〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗我們生活在信息時(shí)代，我們掌握的信息使我們做出有依據(jù)的、數(shù)據(jù)導(dǎo)向的決定。但有時(shí)我們并不依據(jù)這些信息做決定，這樣做出的決定有時(shí)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致不好的結(jié)果。5．What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snap”inParagraph1?A．Slow. B．Negative.C．Quick. D．Satisfying.C〖詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句中的“withinasecond”和“basedonlittleconsideration”可知，“snapjudgments”指的是倉(cāng)促的判斷，由此可知，畫(huà)線詞的含義與quick的含義相近。故選C。〗6．ThestudiesinParagraph2suggestthatwhenpeoplemakejudgements，they________.A．a(chǎn)reeasilyinfluencedbytheircurrentmoodsB．prefertocommunicatewithpeopletheytrustC．tendtolearnfromtheirpreviousexperiencesD．a(chǎn)ctuallyuselessinformationthanexpectedD〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段第三句可知，最近的這項(xiàng)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，人們認(rèn)為他們需要很多次談話才能做出這樣的判斷，而實(shí)際上第一組參與者只需要很少的談話；根據(jù)第二段最后一句可知，另一項(xiàng)研究表明學(xué)生們寫(xiě)的申請(qǐng)材料比招聘人員盡力看的多得多。由此可知，這兩個(gè)研究表明當(dāng)人們做判斷的時(shí)候，他們實(shí)際上使用的信息比所期望的要少。故選D。〗7．WhatcanweknowaccordingtoParagraph3?A．Goodthinkinghabitshelpimprovementalhealth.B．Earlyinformationcontributesmoretodecision-making.C．Newinformationismoreimportantforknowledgedevelopment.D．Oldandnewinformationwillcombinetocreatecarefuljudgements.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句可知，實(shí)際上，前幾條信息比后來(lái)的信息的影響要大得多。由此可知，在做判斷的時(shí)候，早期信息的影響力度更大。故選B?！?．WhatdoestheexampleinParagraph4show?A．Decisionsbasedonlessinformationcanleadtoharmfulresults.B．Wecanmakeprogressbychallengingourselves.C．Excellentemployeesaregoodatanalyzinginformation.D．Goodcommunicationskillsarenecessaryforanablemanager.A〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段第一、二句可知，迅速做出的決定有時(shí)可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致誤解；由下文緊接著舉例來(lái)說(shuō)明這一情況可推知，這個(gè)例子表明，基于較少信息做出的決定可能導(dǎo)致有害的結(jié)果。故選A?！舰?完形填空(2020·開(kāi)封市一模)OnaMondaymorning，backin2015，Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinicinBroadwater，WesternAustralia.Ifelt__1__andIcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor.Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell.Iwas__2__.Ihadtriedtopickmyselfup，triedtothrowmyselfintomyworkasaneducatorinbefore-andafter-schoolcare，andalsotriedtofocusonmyart.__3__theseefforts，mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway.Itkept__4__likeacancerinmyinnerworld.Iwantedanormal__5__.Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson，Kai，whowas__6__me.Itookafewdeepbreathsandwentintotheclinicformy__7__.AfterIreturnedtomycar，Ishutthedoorandstarted__8__uncontrollably.MydoctorsaidIhadseveredepression.Ineededtotakeantidepressants(抗抑郁藥)．Ihadtomakesomebig__9__togetbetter.Stillsobbing，Iwas__10__tohearaknockonmycardoor.Aslimladywithshortfairhair__11__openeditandbegantospeakcalmlyandkindlytome.“Idon'tknowwhatyou're__12__rightnow.Butknowthis，Iwishyouwell.Ibelieveyouwillbe__13__andwhatyouaregoingthroughwillpass，”shesaid.“CanIgiveyouahug？”ThereIwas，aweepingmess,__14__acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug.AllI__15__toreplyinachoked(哽咽的)voicewas“Thankyou”．Thiswasthemostsignificantactof__16__thatI'veeverexperiencedfromastranger.Itgavemehope.My__17__startedrightthere.Aboutayearlater，Ibumpedintothesamekind__18__attheopeningofanartexhibition.She__19__meandsmiled.ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell.We__20__again，andoncemoreIcouldexpressmyappreciationforheract.〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗作者遭遇家庭變故后變得異常郁悶，去診所看醫(yī)生時(shí)，被醫(yī)生診斷為嚴(yán)重抑郁。作者從診所出來(lái)后坐在車?yán)锟奁晃荒吧呐堪参苛俗髡卟⒔o了作者一個(gè)擁抱，作者從那時(shí)開(kāi)始好轉(zhuǎn)。一年后，作者再次偶遇那位女士，那位女士也認(rèn)出了作者并對(duì)作者微笑。作者再次和那位女士擁抱并表達(dá)了自己的感激之情。1．A.confident B．proudC．nervous D．patientC〖根據(jù)空后的“IcarefullypracticedwhatIwantedtotellmydoctor”可推知，作者在面對(duì)醫(yī)生之前很緊張?！?．A.ashamed B．a(chǎn)stonishedC．depressed D．confusedC〖根據(jù)上文中的“Heartbreak，sorrowandthelossofacompletefamilyleftmenotcopingwell”可知，作者在這種情況下應(yīng)是很沮喪，與下文“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”呼應(yīng)?！?．A.Without B．DespiteC．Beyond D．ThroughB〖根據(jù)空后的“mydepressionhadn'tgoneaway”可知，盡管做出了這些努力，但作者的抑郁并沒(méi)有消失?！?．A.growing B．survivingC．moving D．wanderingA〖根據(jù)本句中的“l(fā)ikeacancer”，并結(jié)合下文作者失控大哭可知，此處表示抑郁像癌癥一樣在作者內(nèi)心繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)?！?．A.excuse B．lifeC．job D．rewardB〖根據(jù)空后的“Iwantedtobeashealthyasmyson...”和語(yǔ)境可知，作者想要一種正常的生活?！?．A.lookingfor B．waitingforC．walkingaround D．dependingonD〖根據(jù)上文中的“thelossofacompletefamily”可推知，作者的兒子是依靠作者生活的。〗7．A.school B．neighborhoodC．house D．a(chǎn)ppointmentD〖根據(jù)上文的“Irememberedparkingmycaroutsidemydoctor'sclinic”和語(yǔ)境可知，作者上文是在交代自己去看醫(yī)生之前的心理狀態(tài)和故事背景，此處表示作者深呼吸，然后進(jìn)入診所赴約?！?．A.coughing B．weepingC．laughing D．shakingB〖根據(jù)下文的“Stillsobbing”可知，作者看完醫(yī)生后回到車?yán)镩_(kāi)始失控哭泣?！?．A.preparations B．commentsC．changes D．contributionsC〖根據(jù)本句中的“togetbetter”和語(yǔ)境可知，作者必須做出一些大的改變才能夠有所改善?！?0．A.surprised B．delightedC．disappointed D．excitedA〖根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，一位陌生的女士來(lái)敲作者的車門，這讓作者感到很意外。〗11．A.quickly B．madlyC．gently D．casuallyC〖結(jié)合本句中的“speakcalmlyandkindlytome”可知，那位女士應(yīng)是輕輕地打開(kāi)作者的車門?！?2．A.describing B．observingC．determining D．experiencingD〖作為陌生人，那位女士并不了解作者正在經(jīng)歷的事情，與下文中的“whatyouaregoingthrough”呼應(yīng)?！?3．A.leftbehind B．lookedafterC．calledon D．turnedoffB〖根據(jù)上文的“Iwishyouwell”和上文作者去看醫(yī)生可知，那位女士告訴作者，“我相信你將得到照顧，你正在經(jīng)歷的終將過(guò)去”?！?4．A.calmly B．eagerlyC．unwillingly D．gratefullyD〖根據(jù)下文的“Thankyou”可推知，作者心懷感激地接受了這個(gè)陌生人給予的令人安慰的擁抱?！?5．A.managed B．decidedC．failed D．a(chǎn)ttemptedA〖根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，作者以哽咽的聲音努力回答了一句“謝謝你”?！?6．A.courage B．kindnessC．wisdom D．devotionB〖根據(jù)上文一位陌生的女士安慰作者并給了作者一個(gè)擁抱可知，此處表示這是作者經(jīng)歷的來(lái)自一個(gè)陌生人的最重要的善舉?！?7．A.treatment B．experimentC．recovery D．a(chǎn)dventureC〖根據(jù)上文的“Itgavemehope”和下文中的“ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell”可知，此處表示作者從那時(shí)開(kāi)始恢復(fù)。〗18．A.lady B．doctorC．educator D．girlA〖根據(jù)上文的“Aslimlady”和本句中的“thesame”可推知，作者一年后又偶遇了那位女士?！?9．A.recognized B．forgaveC．understood D．comfortedA〖根據(jù)本句中的“andsmiled”和“ShesaidshecouldtellIwasdoingwell”可推知，那位女士也認(rèn)出了作者。〗20．A.met B．noddedC．a(chǎn)cted D．huggedD〖根據(jù)本句中的“again”，并與上文的“acceptingthiskindstranger'scomfortinghug”呼應(yīng)可推知，作者和那位女士再次擁抱?！秸n時(shí)提能練(二十二)必修4Unit11TheMedia(B)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·安徽省部分重點(diǎn)學(xué)校聯(lián)考)GretchenAltmanissmiling，leaningbackcasually，withacupofcoffeeinherhand—HillsBros.Coffee，tobeprecise.Itlookslikeacasualshot，butifyougivealike，leaveacomment，andtagafriend，youcangetthreedifferentcupsofcoffee，forfree.Altmanispartofagrowingtrendof“micro-influencers”．Shehasasmallfollowing—around6,000onInstagram.Hergoingrateis$300to$800topromotesomething.Shedoessomepostsinexchangeforfreegoods，aslongasit'sstuffshebelievesin.Asamicro-influencershehasamuchcloserrelationshipwithherfollowersthanabigsocialmediastar.“I'mjustlivinganormallifeandpeoplerelatetothat，”shesays.“TheyjustfeellikeI'mafriendoftheirs.”Butitworriesconsumerrightsgroups.Severalrecentstudieshavefoundthatyoungaudiencesarelargelyunabletounderstandwhensomethingissponsoredcontent.Insomecases，it'sclear.WhenabigstartakestoadvertisingCoca-Colaonthesocialmedia，forexample，theassumptionisthatheorshe'sprobablygettingpaidtodoso.Andthepostsareclearlylabeledasads，withthecaption“advertisement”or“sponsoredcontent”．Butwhatmayhappenwhenanordinarypersonwithjustacouplethousandfollowerstakestoextolling(頌揚(yáng))thevirtuesofaproduct?Themotivationsarenotsoclear.Theproblemwiththesesocialmediapostsisthatyoudon'tknowwhetherit'sanadornot.Altmanisdiligentaboutusingthosehashtags(話題)．Sheloveswhatshedoesandseesitasbusiness，butshedoesn'tnecessarilywanttobeasocialmediacelebrity.“Withsocialmediabeingsointegratedintooureverydaylives，wehavethisuniqueopportunitythatIdon'tthinkanyonehaseverhadbeforewherewecaneachbeourownbrand，”Altmansays.〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗文章介紹了當(dāng)前社交媒體上的微影響者的作用以及其所帶來(lái)的問(wèn)題。1．Whatdoesamicro-influencerdoaccordingtothepassage?A．Giveenoughlikes.B．Dopoststopromoteproducts.C．Recommendsomecomments.D．Designadvertisements.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Hergoingrateis$300to$800topromotesomething.Shedoessomepostsinexchangeforfreegoods，aslongasit'sstuffshebelievesin”可知，微影響者做的是發(fā)布一些帖子來(lái)推銷一些產(chǎn)品。故選B?！?．Whatmakesconsumerrightsgroupsfeelworried?A．Sponsoredadscontent.B．Adswithcaptiononposts.C．Theunclearmotivationsoftheposts.D．Theincreasinglygrowingnumberofaudiences.C〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四至六段的表述可推知，微影響者發(fā)帖子用來(lái)打廣告，但不加任何說(shuō)明，會(huì)導(dǎo)致年輕人不能有效辨別帖子的目的，所以這種意圖不明的帖子會(huì)對(duì)瀏覽者造成困擾，這是消費(fèi)者權(quán)益群體所擔(dān)心的問(wèn)題。故選C?！?．HowdoesGretchenAltmanfeelaboutbeingamicro-influencer?A．Annoyed. B．Delighted.C．Ambitious. D．Depressed.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)第七段“Altmanisdiligentaboutusingthosehashtags(話題)．Sheloveswhatshedoesandseesitasbusiness，butshedoesn'tnecessarilywanttobeasocialmediacelebrity”可知，GretchenAltman喜歡她做的事，而且非常勤奮。由此可推知，她對(duì)成為微影響者感到開(kāi)心。故選B?！?．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitle?A．InstagramAdvertising：DoYouKnowIt，WhenYouSeeIt?B．ToBeaMicro-influencerortoBeaBigStarC．WeCanEachBeOurOwnTopBrandD．HillsBros.Coffee，YourCoffeeA〖標(biāo)題歸納題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了微影響者利用Instagram等社交平臺(tái)發(fā)一些帖子，以推銷某些產(chǎn)品；但是這種做法到底是在做廣告還是出于其他目的，看帖子的人并不知道，由此引發(fā)了消費(fèi)者權(quán)益群體的擔(dān)憂。由此可推知，A項(xiàng)最適合作本文的標(biāo)題。〗B(2020·江西省五校協(xié)作體上學(xué)期考試試題)Lifebeneaththeseasurfacecanbelovelyandlively.Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters.Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine.Sharksaren'tthescariestthingsintheoceanforscientistswhodivetowork.Powerfulcurrents，creatingwheretheoceanfloordropsaway，canbejustasdeadly.Butthescientistswhoworkunderwateraretrainedtodealwiththesedangers.Therewardsofresearchandunderwateradventuresaregreaterthantherisks.Theseamayseemlikeastrangeplacetolookfornewdrugs.Butorganismsintheoceanhavehadtoadapttoatoughenvironment.Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvivalmighthelppeople，too.Morethan50yearsago，scientistsdiscoveredanewanti-cancerdruginaseasponge.Sincethen，researchershavebeenhuntingformoreofsuchusefulnaturalproductsintheseas.Withthehelpofunderwaterrobotsandsmallsubmarines，scientistsaresearchingtheseas—fromshallowreefstotheocean'sgreatdepths.BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo.Thisprocessofturningfoodintoenergyforgrowth，activitiesandreproductioniscalledmetabolism(新陳代謝)．Thesepathwaysalsoproducechemicalscalled“secondarymetabolites”．Onedaytheyalsomighthelppeople.Duringafour-yearprojectcalledPharmaSeas，scientistsmadethousandsofextractsfromthoseseafloorsamples.Inaboutadozenofthem，researchersfoundmixturesthatcankillbacteriathatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill.Threeothernew-foundchemicalsreduceepilepticseizures(癲癇病發(fā)作)inmice.YetanothercompoundmayreducethesymptomsofAlzheimer'sdisease.〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗海洋生物釋放的某些有毒化學(xué)物能被用作人類藥物的來(lái)源，于是科學(xué)家潛入海底去尋找這些海洋新藥藥源。5．Whydoseaorganismsproducechemicals?A．Towarnthemselvesinthesea.B．Tobenefitothercreatures.C．Tochangetheirenvironment.D．Tostruggleforsurvival.D〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第二句“Butmanyorganismsthereproducepoisonouschemicalstohunters”以及第三段第三句中的“Thechemicalstheymakeforsurvival”可知，海洋生物產(chǎn)生化學(xué)物是為了生存?！?．InwhatwaydoesArcticbacteriadifferfromorganismsonlandaccordingtothetext?A．Medicinalvalue.B．Thewayofhunting.C．Thewayofbreakingdownfood.D．Importancetohumans.C〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段第一句“BacterialivingintheArctic'scoldwatersbreakdowntheirfoodusingmoredifferentwaysthanorganismsonlanddo”可知，北極寒冷水域的細(xì)菌和陸地上的微生物分解食物的方式不同?！?．Whatisspecialaboutthemixturesfromseafloorsamples?A．Theyhavethesameeffectsastoday'smedicine.B．Theyhaveuniquefunctions.C．Theycantreatmostdiseases.D．Theycankillallbacteria.B〖推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段，尤其是第二句“Inaboutadozenofthem...thatsomeoftoday'santibiotics(抗生素)cannotkill”可推知，來(lái)自海底樣品的混合物有其獨(dú)特的功能?！?．Whatcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．DivingforNewMedicinesB．ThreatsfromtheOceanC．FutureSourcesofBacteriaD．DangerofDivingintheSeaA〖標(biāo)題歸納題。根據(jù)第一段最后一句“Diversarenowcollectingsuchpoisonsasdrugsforhumanmedicine”并結(jié)合文章其他內(nèi)容可知，本文主要介紹了科學(xué)家潛入海底尋找海洋生物釋放出的能作為藥源的有毒化學(xué)物的相關(guān)情況，故選A。〗Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2020·西安五校聯(lián)考)Anadulthasanaverageof50,000thoughtseveryday.However，mostofthetimegreatideascomewhenyourbrainisinthe“diffusedmode(擴(kuò)散模式)”，likewhenyou'rebathingintheshower.__1__Thisiswhenourmindsarethemostrelaxedandconnectdifferentneuralpathways(神經(jīng)通路)tocomeupwithbrandnewideas.Theproblemisthatbecauseourbrainsaresorelaxed，there'snointentiontomarkdownideasthatcomealong.Rememberthecreativeideayoucameupwithintheshower?Ofcourseyoucan'trememberitbecauseyoudidn'ttakethetimetowriteitdown.However，intoday'sraceagainsttime，wejustcan'tspareanextramomenttowritedowntheideasthatconstantlypassthroughourheads.__2__Wethinkthatifthethoughtisthatimportant，we'llrememberitlaterandputitintoaction.Butwedon't.__3___Forthis，youneedtokeeprecordingtoolswithinreach.However，don'tsetoutyournotebookandpendirectlyinfrontofyou，orelseyou'renolongerinthe“diffusedmode”andthoughtsaren'tfreelyflowing.Butyouwantthenotebooktobecloseenough.___4__Nowthatyouhavetheideaswrittendown，youneedtoreinforce(加強(qiáng))theideastoturnthemintosomethingbigger.__5___Duringthesetimesyoucanremovesomeofthelessusefulideas，organizethem，andstartdevelopingthepotentiallysuccessfulones.A．Don'tbetoofocusedonasingleidea.B．Creativeideascometousduringthisstateofmind.C．Somepeoplemaythinkthatit'sevenawasteoftime.D．Youshouldgooveryourideasaroundthreetimesaweek.E．It'seasytofallintothetrapofimmediatelyorganizingyourthoughts.F．Inthisway，whenthethoughtscometoyou，ittakeslittleefforttowritethemdown.G．Thus，writedownthegreatideanomatterhowconfidentyouareaboutyourmemory.〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗一個(gè)成年人每天平均有50000種想法；而大多數(shù)情況下，當(dāng)大腦處于擴(kuò)散模式時(shí)會(huì)產(chǎn)生好點(diǎn)子；本文主要介紹了我們應(yīng)該如何將我們?cè)诖竽X的擴(kuò)散模式下得到的好點(diǎn)子記下來(lái)并付諸實(shí)施。1．B〖根據(jù)空后一句表述的這就是我們大腦最放松且能想到很多全新的主意的時(shí)候可知，空處應(yīng)是與時(shí)間和創(chuàng)新想法相關(guān)的表述，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)可知，B項(xiàng)與此處匹配，故選B?！?．C〖前一句是說(shuō)人們不能騰出額外的時(shí)間來(lái)記下這些想法；空后一句是說(shuō)我們認(rèn)為如果這個(gè)想法如此重要，我們之后就會(huì)記得，并付諸實(shí)施，但實(shí)際上我們并不記得，由此可知C項(xiàng)符合語(yǔ)境。〗3．G〖根據(jù)上文表述的我們之后并不記得一閃而過(guò)的想法可知，不管你對(duì)自己的記憶力多有自信，你都應(yīng)該把那個(gè)好想法記下來(lái)，故選G。〗4．F〖空前一句表述你想讓筆記本離你足夠近，空處應(yīng)該講的是這樣做的目的和作用，故選F?！?．D〖本句為承上啟下句，根據(jù)空后一句中的“Duringthesetimes”可推知，空處應(yīng)是與times相關(guān)的內(nèi)容，故選D，且D項(xiàng)中的“gooveryourideas”與空前一句中的“reinforce(加強(qiáng))theideas”相呼應(yīng)?！舰?語(yǔ)法填空(2020·深圳市普通高中第二次測(cè)試)HighontheQinghai-TibetPlateau1.________(lie)China's“watertower”Sanjiangyuan.ItishometotheheadwatersofChina'sthreerivers:theYellowRiver,YangtzeRiver,andLancangRiver.Itisthethreerivers2.________providewaterforabouthalfthepopulationofChina.However,humanactivitiesareputtingthisecosystem3.________risk.Hopefully,though,wecanreverse(徹底轉(zhuǎn)變)thisdamage.In2016,theChinesegovernmentestablishedSanjiangyuanNationalParkinQinghaiProvince.Thepark,4.________(schedule)toopenin2020,hasincreasedthearea'sgreencoverageandattractedmorewildlife.Thelocalgovernmenthasalsomadegreateffortstoimprovebiologicaldiversity.WithSanjiangyuan5.________(take)thelead,thesuccesswillmarkthestartofa6.________(green)future.AndnineotherregionsinChina〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗文章主要介紹了我國(guó)在改善三江源生態(tài)環(huán)境方面所做的努力。1．lies〖考查時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一致。該句描述的是客觀情況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)；該句為全部倒裝句，其主語(yǔ)是“China's‘watertower’Sanjiangyuan”，表示單數(shù)概念；所以謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用lies?！?．that〖考查強(qiáng)調(diào)句型。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，本句是一個(gè)強(qiáng)調(diào)句，即“Itis＋被強(qiáng)調(diào)的部分＋that...”結(jié)構(gòu)，判斷方式是把Itis和that去掉，句子結(jié)構(gòu)依然完整。本句是對(duì)句子的主語(yǔ)“thethreerivers”進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，所以填that?！?．a(chǎn)t〖考查介詞。此處表示人類活動(dòng)正在使這一生態(tài)系統(tǒng)受到威脅，atrisk“受到威脅”是固定搭配，符合語(yǔ)境，所以填介詞at?！?．scheduled〖考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處與句子的謂語(yǔ)部分hasincreased之間沒(méi)有連詞，故此處應(yīng)是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式，且此處和句子主語(yǔ)“Thepark”構(gòu)成邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，故用其過(guò)去分詞形式scheduled。〗5．taking〖考查with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，在句子中作狀語(yǔ)；空處和名詞“Sanjiangyuan”構(gòu)成邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，故用現(xiàn)在分詞形式taking。〗6．greener〖考查形容詞的比較級(jí)。與上文人類活動(dòng)使生態(tài)系統(tǒng)惡化形成對(duì)比，三江源國(guó)家公園的建立改善了當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鷳B(tài)環(huán)境，將標(biāo)志著一個(gè)更加環(huán)保的未來(lái)的開(kāi)始，含有比較的含義，所以填greener。〗7．havebeenchosen〖考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)態(tài)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，choose和句子的主語(yǔ)“nineotherregions”構(gòu)成被動(dòng)關(guān)系，應(yīng)用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，又由句中的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)“overthepastthreeyears”可知，應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，所以填havebeenchosen?！?．which〖考查定語(yǔ)從句。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空處引導(dǎo)一個(gè)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，在從句中作主語(yǔ)，修飾先行詞“nineotherregions”，所以填which?！?．its〖考查代詞。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知，此處表示“它的實(shí)現(xiàn)”，故應(yīng)填形容詞性物主代詞its，修飾名詞realization?！?0．importance〖考查詞形轉(zhuǎn)換?？涨暗膅reat是形容詞，作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞，所以應(yīng)填importance?！舰?短文改錯(cuò)(2020·開(kāi)封市一模)Keepingagoodhabitareveryimportant，butI'malittlelazyandfindthathardtokeepagoodhabit.LastSunday，Iwenttoplayfootballwithsomefriendsastheusual.Itwasalreadyteno'clockwhenIgethome.IwassotiredthatIwentstraighttobedinsteadtakingabathfirst.Thenextmorning，wewenttotakeabathandthenwenttoschool.However，itwasverycoldthatmorningandIdidn'tdrymyhairs.IgotabadcoldandfeltterriblythewholedayandIstartedtoregrethowIhaddone.IfIhadtakenabaththemomentIarrivedhome，Iwouldn'thavegotacold.Yousee，agoodhabitistrueimportant.〖〖答案〗〗Keepingagoodhabiteq\f(are,is)veryimportant，butI'malittlelazyandfindeq\f(that,it)hardtokeepagoodhabit.LastSunday，Iwenttoplayfootballwithsomefriendsaseq\o(the,＼)usual.Itwasalreadyteno'clockwhenIeq\f(get,got)home.IwassotiredthatIwentstraighttobedinsteadeq\o(\s\up7(∧),\s\do5(of))takingabathfirst.Thenextmorning，eq\f(we,I)wenttotakeabathandthenwenttoschool.However，itwasverycoldthatmorningandIdidn'tdrymyeq\f(hairs,hair).Igotabadcoldandfelteq\f(terribly,terrible)thewholedayandIstartedtoregreteq\f(how,what)Ihaddone.IfIhadtakenabaththemomentIarrivedhome，Iwouldn'thavegotacold.Yousee，agoodhabitiseq\f(true,truly)important.課時(shí)提能練(二十一)必修4Unit11TheMedia(A)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2020·開(kāi)封市一模)AndrewGreydoesn'tfitmostpeople'sideaofanastronomer.Heworksinacarrepairshop，notinalaboruniversity，yettheAustralianrepairmandiscoveredastarsystemhidingindatafromNASA'sKeplerspacetelescope.Mr.Greyisoneofmillionsofcitizenscientistshelpingresearcherstoexpandcollectiveunderstanding.Forcenturies，onlyafewordinarypeoplehadbeencontributingtoscience，butadvancesintechnologyhavebroughtahigherlevelofdemocratization(民主化)toscience.“Thisisacollaborative(合作的)effortthatanyonecouldgetinvolvedin，”saysChrisLintott，anOxfordUniversityastrophysicist(天體物理學(xué)家)andco-founderofZooniverse，aplatformthathostsdozensofcitizenscienceprojects.Citizenscientistscancontributetobreakthroughsinalmostanyfield，fromecologytoastrophysics.“Aslongaspatternrecognitionisinvolved，therearenolimitstowhatcanbecomeacitizenscienceproject，”Lintottsays.“Anyonecanidentifypatternsinimages，graphs，orevenseeminglyboringdataafterashorttutorial.Machinelearningallowscomputerstodosomepatternrecognition.Buthumans，particularlyamateurscientists，don'tstayfocusedonwhatthey'resupposedto.Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset.”“Andcitizensciencedoesn'thavetobedirectedbyascientist，”saysSheilaJasanoff，directoroftheProgramonScience，TechnologyandSocietyatHarvardUniversity.“Citizensproducingknowledgeinplaceswhereofficialorganshavefailedthencanalsobecitizenscientists，”shesays.That'swhathappenedinFlint，Michigan，whenalocalmotherstarteddrinkingwaterteststhatcausedabroaderinvestigationofleadlevels.Citizen-poweredresearchisasoldasscientificinquiry.Forcenturiesbeforesciencebecameprofessionalized，regularpeoplelookedforpatternsintheworldaroundthem.Despitealotofadvancedequipmentandcomputermodels，scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople.Asaprofessionalscientisthimself，Lintottsays，“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp.”〖語(yǔ)篇解讀〗數(shù)個(gè)世紀(jì)以來(lái)，只有少數(shù)普通人為科學(xué)做出了貢獻(xiàn)。但科技的進(jìn)步已經(jīng)為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，科學(xué)是任何人都能參與的，每個(gè)人都有可能成為科學(xué)家。1．Whatmadecitizenscientistsappear?A．Thehighlevelofscienceprojects.B．Thedevelopmentoftechnology.C．Thesupportofthegovernment.D．ThefoundationofZooniverse.B〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的“onlyafewordinarypeople...toscience”可知，科技的進(jìn)步為科學(xué)帶來(lái)了更高水平的民主化，從而使更多的普通人也能參與科學(xué)研究，促成了公民科學(xué)家的出現(xiàn)，故選B?！?．Whatisaadvantageofhumansinpatternrecognitioncomparedwithmachines?A．Humanscanidentifypatternsmoreswiftly.B．Humansfocustheirattentionondata.C．Humanscanobserveuncommonthings.D．Humanshavestrongeremotions.C〖細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句“Andthat'sgood，becausepeoplewhodothatnoticetheunusualthingsinadataset”可知，在模式識(shí)別方面，人類與機(jī)器相比，人類的優(yōu)勢(shì)在于其能夠注意到一些不尋常的東西，故C項(xiàng)正確?！?．WhatisLintott'sattitudetowardscitizenscience?A．Favorable. B．Cautious.C．Indifferent. D．Doubtful.A〖觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。根據(jù)第三段Lintott表述的科學(xué)人人都能參與，第四段他表述的公民科學(xué)家有自身的優(yōu)勢(shì)和尾段中他說(shuō)的話“Peoplethinkthatwe'reintelligent，butscienceiseasyandweneedyourhelp”可推知，Lintott支持公民科學(xué)，故選A。〗4．Whatwouldbethebesttitleofthetext?A．CitizenScientistsCanBeIntelligentB．ScienceIsImportanttoEveryoneC．AnyoneCanBeaScientistD．ScienceIsEverywhereC〖標(biāo)題歸納題。文章第一段以表述澳大利亞汽車修理工AndrewGrey成為公民科學(xué)家來(lái)引入話題，接著又講到天體物理學(xué)家ChrisLintott和SheilaJasanoff對(duì)于公民科學(xué)家的看法，并結(jié)合倒數(shù)第二段中的“scientistsstillwelcomehelpfromeverydaypeople”可知，本文主要肯定了公民科學(xué)家，表達(dá)了任何人都可能成為科學(xué)家的觀點(diǎn)，故C項(xiàng)最適合作文章標(biāo)題?！紹(2020·廣東省七校聯(lián)合體第二次聯(lián)考)Weliveinanageofinformation.Alltheinformationshouldallowustomakeinformed，data-drivendecisionsallthetime.Butthisdoesnotmeanthatyouactuallyusealltheinformationevenifyouhaveit.Infact，peoplereadilymakesnapjudgement