2024屆高考英語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)從句講解學(xué)案（含答案）

主語(yǔ)從句講解和練習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句一、主語(yǔ)從句的概念與類(lèi)型主語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作主句的主語(yǔ),引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的詞有從屬連詞that,whether以及連接代詞who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whichever和連接副詞when,where,why,how等.例如:Thatshewaschosenmadeusveryhappy.她當(dāng)選了使我們很高興.Whatcausedtheaccidentisacompletemystery.是什么導(dǎo)致了這次事故還完全是一個(gè)謎.Whethershewillcomeornotisstillaquestion.她是否來(lái)還是一個(gè)問(wèn)題.Whichteamwillwinthematchisstillunknown.哪個(gè)隊(duì)會(huì)贏得這場(chǎng)比賽還不知道.Whoevercomestothepartywillreceiveapresent.參加聚會(huì)的每一個(gè)人都將收到一份禮物.Whentheywillstarthasnotbeendecidedyet.他們何時(shí)出發(fā)還沒(méi)決定.注意:上述例句中的主語(yǔ)從句都是放在句首,但有時(shí)為了使句子結(jié)構(gòu)平衡,避免"頭重腳輕",常用it作形式主語(yǔ),而把從句放在后面.例如:Itisapitythatshehasmadesuchamistake.她犯了這樣一個(gè)錯(cuò)誤,真是遺憾.Itdependsontheclimatewhethertheyaregoingshoppingtoday.他們是否今天去購(gòu)物還得看天氣情況.這樣就構(gòu)成了下面一些常用句型:1)Itis+adj./n.+從句Itisapity/shamethat...遺憾的是……Itispossiblethat...很可能……Itisunlikelythat...不可能……2)It+不及物動(dòng)詞+從句Itseems/appearsthat...似乎……Ithappenedthat...碰巧……3)It+be+過(guò)去分詞+從句Itissaidthat...據(jù)說(shuō)……Itisknowntoallthat...眾所周知……Itisreportedthat...據(jù)報(bào)道……Itisbelievedthat...據(jù)信……;人們相信……Itissuggestedthat...有人建議……Itmustbepointedoutthat...必須指出……Ithasbeenprovedthat...已證明…….例如:Itisbelievedthatatleastascoreofbuildingsweredamagedordestroyed.據(jù)信,至少有二十座樓房遭到破壞或徹底毀掉.Itissuggestedthatthemeetingshouldbeputoff.有人建議會(huì)議延期召開(kāi).It'sreportedthatthreepeoplewerekilledintheaccidentandfivewerehurtbadly.據(jù)報(bào)道,事故中三人喪生,五人重傷.ItisknowntoallthatTaiwanisaninseparablepartofChina.眾所周知,臺(tái)灣是中國(guó)不可分割的一部分.[鞏固練習(xí)]1.Does_______matterifhecan'tfinishthejobontime?A.thisB.thatC.heD.it2.Itworriedherabit_______herhairwasturninggrey.A.whichB.thatC.ifD.for3._______isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It二、學(xué)習(xí)主語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該注意的幾個(gè)問(wèn)題1)引導(dǎo)詞that與whatwhat既有引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句的作用,同時(shí)又在從句中作句子成分(主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)等).這時(shí)what相當(dāng)于allthat/everythingthat...,常譯成"所……的(東西、事情、話(huà)等.)";而that只起連接作用,本身無(wú)實(shí)際意義,在從句中也不擔(dān)當(dāng)任何句子成分.但that引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句放在句首時(shí),不能省略that.例如:Whatisdonecan'tbeundone.(諺語(yǔ))已成定局,無(wú)可挽回.Whatwecan'tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.我們得不到的東西似乎比已得到的要好.Thatweshouldworkoutaplantodealwiththepresentserioussituationisimportant.我們應(yīng)該制定一項(xiàng)計(jì)劃來(lái)應(yīng)付目前嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì),這一點(diǎn)非常重要.Thatanewteacherwillcometoteachusgeographyistrue.一位新老師將來(lái)教我們地理,這是真的.[鞏固練習(xí)]4._______whattheytoldmereallytrue?A.HasB.IsC.DoesD.Have5.Itmatterslittle_______amandies,but_______mattersmuchis_______helives.A.how;what;howB.how;it;howC.why;it;whyD.that;what;that6._______shecouldn'tunderstandwas_______fewerandfewerstudentsshowedinterestinherlessons.A.What;whyB.That;whatC.What;becauseD.Why;that7.Itisprettywellunderstood_______controlstheflowofcarbondioxideinandouttheatmospheretoday.A.thatB.whenC.whatD.how8._______fashiondiffersfromcountrytocountrymayreflecttheculturaldifferencesfromoneaspect.A.WhatB.ThatC.ThisD.Which9.-Whatmadeherparentssoangry?-_______shehadfailedintheexamination.A.AsB.BecauseC.SinceD.That2)引導(dǎo)詞if和whetherif和whether引導(dǎo)動(dòng)詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)一般可通用,但介詞后的賓語(yǔ)從句、主語(yǔ)從句(放在句首時(shí))、表語(yǔ)從句常由whether引導(dǎo).例如:Whethershewillgohomeornotisunknown.她是否回家還不得而知.Whetherweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.我們是養(yǎng)鴨還是養(yǎng)鵝仍沒(méi)決定.=Itremainstobedecidedwhether/ifweshallraiseducksorgeese.但我們不能說(shuō)Ifweshallraiseducksorgeeseremainstobedecided.[鞏固練習(xí)]10._______we'llgocampingtomorrowdependsontheweather.A.IfB.WhetherC.ThatD.Where3)其它引導(dǎo)詞連接代詞who,which,whom,whose有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;連接副詞when,where,why,how等有各自的意義,起連接作用,并在從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ).[鞏固練習(xí)]11.-Doyouremember_______hecame?-Yes,Ido.Hecamebycar.A.howB.whenC.thatD.if12.Itwasamatterof_______wouldtaketheposition.A.whoB.whoseC.whomD.whomever13.-IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.-Isthat_______youhadafewdaysoff?A.whyB.whenC.whatD.where14.Ireadaboutitinsomebookorother,doesitmatter_______itwas?A.whereB.whatC.howD.which三、語(yǔ)氣在Itisnecessary/natural/important/strange...+that-clause這類(lèi)句型里,that所引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用"should+原形",表虛似語(yǔ)氣.例如:Itisnecessarythattheproblemshouldbesettledatonce.這個(gè)問(wèn)題必須馬上解決.It'sstrangethatheshouldhavegoneawaywithouttellingus.他竟然沒(méi)向我們說(shuō)一聲就走了,真是奇怪.[鞏固練習(xí)]15.Itisnecessarythatacollegestudent_______atleastaforeignlanguage.A.mastersB.shouldmasterC.masteredD.willmaster四、以it作形式主語(yǔ)的主語(yǔ)從句與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的區(qū)別"Itbe+adj./n.+that-clause"與強(qiáng)調(diào)句型均有Itbe...that...之類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言標(biāo)志,但不同的是:①前者中的that從句是主語(yǔ)從句.若刪掉其中的Itbe和that,則剩余部分不論結(jié)構(gòu)還是語(yǔ)意都不能成為一個(gè)句子;但若將后者中的Itbe和that去掉,則剩余部分的結(jié)構(gòu)和語(yǔ)意仍能構(gòu)成一個(gè)完整的句子.②強(qiáng)調(diào)句型譯為漢語(yǔ)時(shí)可加上"正是……"或"就是……"之類(lèi)的字眼,而主語(yǔ)從句則不可以.請(qǐng)比較下面兩個(gè)句子:Itissurpris