職稱英語-基礎(chǔ)精講班-閱讀判斷講義

職稱英語基礎(chǔ)班閱讀判斷

教材說明：本word講義跟老師聲音順序完全配套

參考教材

藍(lán)皮書：《全國職稱英語考試歷年真題與模擬試題匯編》經(jīng)濟(jì)科學(xué)出

版社（2007年4月）

總體介紹

閱讀判斷在試題中占7分，通過課程學(xué)習(xí)，可以得到3-4分。

閱讀判斷平時不需要費(fèi)功夫。

講課內(nèi)容：主要題型及其規(guī)律，基礎(chǔ)知識（重點(diǎn)）

題型：閱讀判斷

分值：7分

題目：一句陳述句

問題：三個選項(xiàng)

A.RightB.WrongC.Notmentioned

單詞記憶

背閱讀詞匯

閱讀詞匯：閱讀篇章涉及的詞匯；閱讀判斷涉及的詞匯；概括大意與

完成句子的詞匯；完形填空的詞匯。

背單詞的要求：單詞的形狀和大概意思。

背單詞的方式：詞根詞綴記憶

先將大綱詞表過濾

一級過濾：過濾掉那些一看到就知道意思的單詞；

二級過濾：過濾掉有隱約印象但不扎實(shí)的單詞；

三級過濾：發(fā)現(xiàn)那些你根本不認(rèn)識的單詞；

兒級過濾之后，剩下的詞找一下規(guī)律。

背詞法1:詞根詞綴記憶方式

構(gòu)詞規(guī)律：形容詞前面加un；名詞前面加in；形容詞或名詞前面加

en為動詞。

詞綴改變詞性或詞義

例：ablebeabletodosomething

unablebeunabletodosomething

ability

inability

enableenablesb.todosth.

disable

capableof

capability

背詞法2：改換單詞的某個部分，就可以記一串單詞

例：take

bakeBakers

TaylorTailortailor

BlackSmithblacksmith

cakebirthdaycake

fakefakemoneyfakecommodities

lake

make

nakenaked

sake

sakeforthesakeof

wakewakeup

lakecake都熟悉

takemake背搭配

背詞法3：同音記憶方法，即英語中一些詞發(fā)音相同。

例：cellsellcellphone

deardeergiraffe（長頸鹿）

Doe,adeer,afemaledeer.

盜版盤上出現(xiàn)的笑話：Doe,adear,afemaledear.Doe,一個親

愛的，一個女的親愛的。

mailmalefemale

sailsaleorsalesell

tailtalepigtail

piecepeaceapieceofbread

seasee

sonsun

rightwrite

theirthere

stationarystationeryrailwaystation

waitweight

fatherfartherfar

meatfleshflashfresh

chickencockhenchickenkitchen

lambsheepgoatlambmutton

loanlone

roleroll

planeplain

sightsite

straitstrightTaiwanStraitEnglishChannel

channelchanel

wastewaist

人體外部器官：hairheadforeheadnosecheek

chinneckchestabdomenbellyhipthighcrusfoot

toefinger

人體內(nèi)臟：heartlungliver

weekweak

weatherwhether

背詞法：形近詞記憶法

例：adaptadoptadoptiveson/daughter

bearbeer

countrycounty

fleshflash

bow[bau][bu]

close[klz][]

lead[li:d][led]

理性記憶法：

1.詞根詞綴

2.同音詞

3.形近詞

4.同形異音

5.同義詞

另外，一些有趣的記憶法

例，schedule私車堵了

]aheadschedulebehindschedule

adore阿杜熱

amateur矮模特

ambition俺必勝！

nutrition牛吹神

gangster[]干死他

例，pest害蟲

非理性記憶方式:

1.“搞怪”;

2.生活詞語；

例：樂百氏ROBUSTrobust

奔馳BENZ

飄柔rejoice

佳潔士safeguard

蘇泊爾super

汰漬tide

美登高meadowgold

耐克NIKE

方正founder

銀行記憶順口溜

建行CBCConstructionBankofChina

中行BCBankofChina

農(nóng)行ABCAgricultureBankofChina

工行ICBCIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina

匯豐HKBC

諧音記憶

建行CBC存不存？

中行BC不存！

農(nóng)行ABC啊？不存！

工行ICBC愛存不存！

匯豐HKBC還是不存！

語法

一、句型

1.主謂賓結(jié)構(gòu)

2.主系表結(jié)構(gòu)

3.主謂結(jié)構(gòu)

4.主謂賓定狀補(bǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)

（定）主（定）+（狀）謂+（定）賓（定）/（補(bǔ)）/（狀）

例：Heisaboy.

Heisahandsomeboy.

二、動詞時態(tài)

重點(diǎn)：不規(guī)則動詞變化

1.動詞原形

例：be動詞amisare

2.動詞過去式

例：am,iswas

arewere

3.動詞過去分詞

例：am,is,arebeen

4.動詞現(xiàn)在分詞

例:：be動詞+ing

1、動原go

2、過去went

3、過分gone

4、現(xiàn)分going

例：go

三、非謂語動詞

1.動詞不定式

to動詞原形

功能：除了謂語，其他成分都能做。

2.現(xiàn)在分詞或過去分詞

3.動名詞

四、復(fù)合句

主句+從句

從句多了引導(dǎo)詞，如that,who,when,why等等

精讀

集中精力做精讀

1.不認(rèn)識的詞盡可能查，并采用記憶法記住它

2.看懂所有的句子結(jié)構(gòu)

解題步驟

第一步：尋找關(guān)鍵詞，回原文定位，找出題目在原文中的出處

關(guān)鍵詞

1.名詞或名詞性短語

2.形容詞或形容詞性短語

3.副詞或副詞性短語

4.專有名詞：有大寫字母構(gòu)成的單詞

5.數(shù)字年代

關(guān)鍵詞的確定依據(jù)

1.出現(xiàn)頻率較低

2.醒目好找

關(guān)鍵詞例外原則

1.標(biāo)題單詞不宜為關(guān)鍵詞

2.出現(xiàn)頻率較高的詞不宜為關(guān)鍵詞

3.動詞一般不做關(guān)鍵詞

關(guān)鍵詞優(yōu)先原則

1.短語優(yōu)先于單詞作為關(guān)鍵詞

2.形容詞或副詞的比較級、最高級優(yōu)先于原級作為關(guān)鍵詞

第二步：根據(jù)下列原則和規(guī)律進(jìn)行判斷，確定正確答案

（一）正確選項(xiàng)的特征

1.同義詞

例如，題干中beautiful,原文中為pretty。

2.同義結(jié)構(gòu)

3.題目是根據(jù)原文中的兒句話推斷或歸納而成

（二）錯誤選項(xiàng)的特征

1.題目與原文內(nèi)容直接相反

可能的情況：①反義詞；not,no,never

②反義結(jié)構(gòu)；un-,in-,im-,dis-

③表達(dá)否定、反義的詞匯和詞綴；

2.文中為多個條件并列，題目中只有一個條件出現(xiàn)

如題干上出現(xiàn)must,only這樣的詞，原則上都不是正

確答案

3.原文是人們對某種事物的感覺，題目則強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀事實(shí)或已

被證明的事

4.原文和題目使用了表示不同范圍、頻率和可能性的詞

例如：原文用many,sometimes,unlikely

題目變?yōu)閍ll,usually,impossible

5.原文中包含條件狀語，題目中去掉條件成分

（三）未提及選項(xiàng)的特征

1.題目中某些內(nèi)容在原文中沒有提及

2.題目中涉及的范圍小于原文中涉及的范圍

3.題目中有比較級，原文中沒有比較

解題技巧

1.三種答案必須都出現(xiàn)；

2.可以連續(xù)三題答案都一樣；

3.謹(jǐn)遵原文內(nèi)容，不能憑借自己的常識和知識；

4.題目中出現(xiàn)must,only,all,always等等時，一定是錯誤答案；

5.相信第一感覺，不要輕易改答案；

Passage1

InanEnglishvillagenotfarfromLondon,Oliverandtwentyother

poorchildrenlivedinanorphan'shome.Theyhadtheirmealsinalarge

stonehall.Theboyswerealwayshungry,becausethemastergavethem

onlyonesmallplatesofsoup.Themasterandhistwoassistantsstood

withsolemnfacesnearthetableandwatchedthefrightenedchildren.

SometimesOliverfeltsosadandfrightenedthathewantedtorunaway.

However,themasternevergavehimachanceofescape.

Later,Oliverdidleavethehomewhichhehadhated.

1.Oliverwasaboywithoutparents.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[?Doesn'tsay

2.Oliverhadhismealsinahousemadeofwood.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.ThemasteroftheOrphan'shomewasverykindtothechildren.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Oliverranawayfromthehomebecausehewasafraidofthebadmaster

andhisassistants.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.OliverandotherchildrenlivedahardlifeintheOrphan'shome.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn,tsay

Passage3

"Whereareyougoing?"Mrs.TongaaskedBetty.

"Tothemall,"Bettyreplied.

"Myhusbandisacompulsivebuyer.HewalkedtothestoreLast

nighttobuyapenandhereturnedwithfiftydollarsworthofthingswe

reallydidn'tneed."

"That'stoobad,Mrs.Tonga.Mysisteristhesameway.Well,see

youlater"

Bettywalkedbyherselftothemall.Sheneededshoesandanew

dress.Shelookedatwomen'sclothesinseveralstores.Shestoppedina

storecalledTheFashionPlace.Shelikedashirtandbluedress.Shetried

iton.Itfitverynicely.Sheboughtit.Shewasverytiredandthenwalked

home.Shedidn'tbuyanyshoes.

Thenextdayshenoticedaholeinthedress.Shereturnedittothe

storeandexchangeditforanotherone.

1.Mrs.TongaaskedherfriendBettytogoshoppingtogether.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.WhenMrs.Tonga'shusbandgoestothestores,heoftenendsupbuying

alotofthingshereallydoesn'twant.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.Betty'ssisterisalsoacompulsivebuyer.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Mrs.Tongaboughtapairofnewshoesandadress.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.Thenextday,Mrs.Tongareturnedthedresstothestoreandexchanged

foranotheronebecauseshedidn'tlikethecolourofthedress.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

Passage8

Vikiwashedherfaceandbrushedherteeth.Shealsolearnedto

cleanhernailswithafile.Vikilearnedtofollowaboutfiftydifferent

orders.Shewould"gotothebedroom"whensomeonetoldher.Someone

wouldask,"Doyouwanttogototheshow?"ThenVikiwouldgotothe

car.Shelearnedhowtoturnonevery,lampinthehouse.Onceavisitor

washavingtroubletryingtostartanelectricfan,Vikicametohelp

Vikiwasclever,butshecouldnotreallylearntotalktoothers.Her

brainwasthebrainofaverysmartanimal,butitwasnotahumanbrain.

Onlypeoplehavethekindofbrainthatmakesitpossibletouselanguage.

1.Vikiisanicegirl.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.Vikiiscleverbecausesheisahard-workingstudent.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.Vikicandomanythingsbecauseherparentshelpher.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

4.Peoplehavethekindofbrainthatmakesitpossibletouselanguage.

Vikealsodoes.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

5.ThevisitorisViki'sfriend.

[AJRight[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

Passage18

Myparentsgiveme$10aweekpocketmoneybutthatdoesn'tgo

veryfarthesedays,soIhavetodoaSaturdayjob.Iworkina

supermarketandIget$3anhourand1workeighthoursonSaturdaysand

sometimesIdoFridayeveningsaswell.SoIusuallyhaveabout$35to

spendeveryweek.Ispendabout$5aweekonsweetsanddrinks,like

Coke.Iusuallygotothecinemaonceaweeksothat'sanother$4or$5.

Iusuallybuyafewmagazinesandafewnewspaperseveryweeksothat's

aboutanother$5.1likemusicsoIoftenbuyacassett-theycostabout$

7atthemoment.I'vealsogotacomputerandIsometimesbuya

computergameanditcostsabout$6each.Ialwaystrytosave

somethingeachweek-usuallybetween$5and$10.

1.1havetodoaSaturdayjobbecauseIhaven'tenoughmoney.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

2.IfIwanttoseeafilmoncesweek,Ihavetopay$4or$5.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

3.UsuallyIspendS35aweek.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[CJDoesn'tsay

4.EveryweekIspendallofmymoney.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[CJDoesn'tsay

5.1amaboywhospendsmoneycarefully.

[A]Right[B]Wrong[C]Doesn'tsay

全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試模擬試題（一）

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對

每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A

涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果

該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。

StepBackinTime

Doyouknowthatwelivealotlongernowthanthepeoplewho

werebombeforeus?Onehundredyearsagotheaveragewomanlivedto

be45.Butnow,shecanliveuntilatleast80.

Oneofthemainreasonsforpeoplelivinglongeristhatweknow

howtolookafterour-selvesbetter.Weknowwhichfoodsaregoodforus

andwhatwehavetoeattomakesureourbodiesgetallthehealthythings

theyneed.Weknowwhywesometimesgetillandwhattodotoget

betteragain.Andweknowhowimportantitistodolotsofexerciseto

keepourheartsbeatinghealthily.

Butinorderthatwedon'tslipbackintobadhabits,let'shavealook

atwhatlifewaslike100yearsago.

Familieshadbetween15and20children,althoughmanybabies

didn'tlivelong.Childrensufferedfromlotsofdiseases,especiallyrickets

（（佝僂?。゛ndscurvy（壞血?。?whicharebothcausedbybaddiets.

Thisisbecausemanyfamilieswereverypoorandnotableto:feedtheir

childrenwell.

ReallypoorfamilieswholivedincrowdedcitieslikeLondonand

Manchesteroftensleptstandingup,bendingoverapieceofstring,

becausetherewasnoroomforthemtoliedown.

Peopledidn'thavefridgesuntilthe1920s.Theykeptfreshfoodcold

bystoringitonwindowsills（窗臺板）,blocksofice,orevenburyingitin

thegarden.

Somechildrenhadtostartworkattheageofsevenoreighttoearn

moneyfortheirparents.Ifyouhadlived100yearsago,youmightwellbe

sellingmatchsticks（火柴桿）（ajobdonebymanychildren）orworking

withyourdadbynow.

16onaveragewomenlivedlongerthanmen100yearsago.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Peoplenowenjoylongerlivesforunknownreasons.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Ahundredyearsagomanykidsdiedatanearlyage.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Poordietscanleadtosuchdiseasesasricketsandscurvy.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20Peopleinthepastpreferredstandinguptolyingdownwhen

sleeping.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21AnEnglishmaninventedthefridgeinthe1920s.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Lifewasnoteasyformanychildrenliving100yearsago.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

全國專業(yè)技術(shù)人員職稱英語等級考試模擬試題（二）

第2部分：閱讀判斷（第16?22題，每題1分，共7分）

閱讀下面這篇短文，短文后列出7個句子，請根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容對

每個句子做出判斷。如果該句提供的是正確信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把A

涂黑；如果該句提供的是錯誤信息，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把B涂黑；如果

該句的信息在文章中沒有提及，請?jiān)诖痤}卡上把C涂黑。

DiningCustom

Everylandhasitsowndiningcustom,andtheUnitedStatesisno

exception.Americansfeelthatthefirstruleofbeingapoliteguestistobe

ontime.Ifapersonisinvitedtodinnerat6:30,thehostessexpectshim

tobethereat6:30ornotmorethanafewminutesafter.Be-causeshe

usuallydoesherowncooking,shetimesthemealsothatthecoffeeand

meatwillbeattheirbestatthetimesheaskstheguesttocome.Ifheis

late,thefoodwillnotbesogood,andthehostesswillbedisappointed.

Whentheguestcannotcomeontime,hecallshishostorhostessonthe

telephone,givesthereason,andtellsatwhattimehethinkshecancome.

Asguestscontinuetoarrive,themeninthegroupstandwhena

womanentersandremainstandinguntilshehasfoundachair.Aman

alwaysriseswhenheisbeingintroducedtoawoman.Awomandoesnot

risewhensheisbeingintroducedeithertoamanorawomanun-lessthe

womanismucholder.

Whentheguestssitdownatadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthe

mentohelptheladiesbypushingtheirchairsunderthem.

EvenanAmericanmaybeconfusedbythenumberofknives,forks,

andspoonsbesidehisplatewhenhesitsdowntoaformaldinner.The

ruleissimple,however,usethemintheorder

inwhichtheylie,beginningfromtheoutside.Orwatchthehostessand

dowhatshedoes.Thesmallforkontheoutsideontheleftisforsalad,

whichisoftenservedwiththesoup.Thespoonontheoutsideattheright

isforsoup,andsoon.Sometimesthereisaseparatelittleknife,calleda

butterspreader,onasmallbread-and-butterplateattheleft.Asthebread

ispassed,eachguestputshispieceonthebread-and-butterplate.

16Asacountryofimmigrants,theU.S.doesnothaveitsowndining

customs.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

17Theguestisexpectedtoarriveontimebecausethecoffeeandmeat

willbeattheirbestatthetimeheisrequiredtocome.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

18Awomanusuallyriseswhensheisbeingintroducedtoanaged

gentleman.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

19Atadinnertable,itiscustomaryforthementoarrangechairsfor

ladies.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

20AtformalAmericandinner,theknives,forks,andspoonsbesidethe

plateareplacedinacertainorder.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

21Therightordertousetheknives,forksandspoonsataformaldinner

isfromthelefttotheright.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

22Ataformaldinner,breadisusuallyservedtogetherwithsaladand

soup.

ARightBWrongCNotmentioned

第二節(jié)閱讀判斷專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

ExerciseThree

Hercules

OnceuponatimetherewasagreatGreekhero,Hercules.Hewas

tallerandstrongerthananyoneyouhaveeverseen.Onhisshoulderhe

carriedaclubandinhishandheheldabow（弓）.Hewasknownasthe

heroofahundredadventures.

Herculesservedaking.Thekingwasafraidofhim.Soagainand

againhesenthimondif-ficulttasks.Onemorningthekingsentforhim

andtoldhimtofetchthreegoldenapplesforhimfromthegardenofthe

SingingMaidens（歌女）.Butnooneknewwherethegardenwas.

SoHerculeswentaway.Hewalkedthewholedayandthenextday

andthenext.Hewalkedformonthsbeforehesawmountainsfarinthe

distanceonefinemorning.Oneofthemountainswasintheshapeofa

manwithlong,longlegsandarmsandhugeshouldersandahugehead.

Hewasholdingupthesky.HerculesknewitwasAtlas,theMountain

God.Soheaskedhimforhelp.

Atlasanswered,"Myheadandarmsandshouldersallache,Could

youholduptheskywhileIfetchthegoldenapplesforyou?"

Herculesclimbedthemountainandshoulderedthesky.Soonthesky

grewveryheavy.WhenfinallyAtlascamebackwiththreegoldenapples,

hesaid,"Well,youaregoingtocarrythemountainforever.I'mgoingto

seethekingwiththeapples."Herculesknewthathecouldn'tfighthim

becauseoftheskyonhisback.Soheshouted:"Justoneminute'shelp.

Myshouldersarehurting.HoldtheskyforaminutewhileImakea

cushion（墊子）formyshoulders."

Atlasbelievedhim.Hethrewdowntheapplesandheldupthesky.

Herculespickeduptheapplesandranbacktoseetheking.

1Herculeswasthetallestmanintheworld.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2Herculesworkedintheking'sgarden.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3Herculeswasgivenmanydifficulttasksbecausethekingwantedto

getridofhim.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4Atlaswasthegodwhoheldupthesky.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5AtlasranfasterthanHercules.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6AtlasgotthegoldenapplesforHerculesbecausehewantedtobethe

kinghimself.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7HerculesfinallymanagedtogettheapplesbydefeatingAtlas.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

ExerciseFour

TheBeginningoftheAirmail

AtBlackpoolHoltThomasandGraham-Whiteagreedtomakea

practicalexperimentincarryingmailsbyaeroplane.Theidea,asitwas

firstworkedout,wasfortheaeroplanetoflyfromBlackpoolairport

acrosstoSouthportairport,andforthemailstobetakenoverbythePost

Officethere.Buttheprogrammehadtobechangedowingtoaseriesof

highwinds.WhathappenedintheendwasthatGraham-Whitetooka

mail-baginhisplane,andmadeaflightwithitacrosscountryfora

distanceofaboutsevenmiles,returningtotheairport.Thisexperiment

gaveGraham-WhitethehonourofbeingthefirstairmaninEnglandto

carryabagofmailacrosscountryinanaeroplane.Lettersandpostcards

whichwerecarriedinthistest,andwhichhadaspecialstamprecording

thefact,soonbecamemuchsoughtafterbycollectors.

ThesecondandmoreimportantexperimentinBritishairmail

transporttookplaceinSep-tember1911,andwasthefirstofitskindin

thiscountrytoobtaintheofficialpermissionofthePostmaster-general.It

wasindeedoneofthehistoricaleventsinourairmaildevelopment.Inthis

caseasmanyas130,000lettersandpostcardswerecarriedbyaeroplane

betweenLondonandWindsor.Oneoftheairmenengagedinthispioneer

servicewasthefamousGustavHamel,flyingamonoplane.Iremember

goingoutoneafternoontoseehimstartoffwithoneofthebagsofmail.

Itwasanextremelybaddayforflying,andjustbeforethetimeduefor

thestart,thewindwasblowingatnearly50milesanhour.Noneofthe

otherpilotswouldhavethoughtofgoingup,butHamel-oneofthefinest

ofallpilotsoftheBritishmonoplane-wasnottobestopped.Hejumped

intohismachineandfairlyshotofftheground.Themonoplane,solong

asitwasneartheearth,wasthrownaboutlikeflsmallboatonanangry

sea.ButHamelgaveasplendidexhibitionofairmanship;assoonashe

reachedagreatheight,conditionsbecamemuchsteadier,andherfinished

hisjourneywithoutaccident.

Thiswasanearlydemonstrationthatanairplanewasmorethana

fineweathermachine,andthatitcouldfightitswaysuccessfullythrough

violentwinds.Thisfactimpressedthepostalauthoritiesagooddeal,and

helpedthosewhobelievedthattheairplanehadagreatcommercial

future.

1HoltThomasandGraham-Whitewerethefirstairmentocarrythe

airmailinEngland.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2Graham-Whitecarriedintheaeroplanelettersandpostcardsthatlater

becamespecialcollections.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3ItwasaftermuchdiscussionthatthePostmaster-generalapprovedthe

secondairmailtransport.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4ThewriterdescribedHamelasthebestpilotbutcriticizedhis

assistantforhiscarelessnessintheflight.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5ItwasanunfavorableweatherforflyinganaeroplanebutHamel

displayedexcellentair-manshipandsucceededinthesecondairmail

flight.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6Thewritermustbeabout80yearsold.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7Thepostalauthoritieshelpedindevelopingthecommercialuseof

aeroplanes.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

ExerciseFive

TheEducationofBenjaminFranklin

HistoryhasgivenBenjaminFranklinaplaceofenduringfame.He

wasawriter,aninvent-or,ascientist,andastatesman.Hislifehistoryhas

enjoyedpopularsuccessformorethan200years.

Franklin'seducationatschoolstoppedwhenhewastenyearsold.

Butheneverstoppedlearning.Forhim,booksheldthekeytoliving

happilyandsuccessfully.Theywerepreciousgifts.

Inhisearlyyouth,hehadflfriendwhoworkedforabookseller.

Sometime8hisfriendwouldlendhimbooks,whichhewascarefulto

returnquickly.Oftenhesatupinhisroomreadingmostofthenightin

ordertoreturnabookbeforehisfriend'semployernoticeditsabsence.

ButFranklinwasnotalonelyscholar.Forhim,learningwasasocial

experience.InhisAutobiography,hetellsaboutorganizingaclubcalled

the"Junto",whichmeteveryFridaynighttoimproveitsmembers'minds.

TherulesImaderequiredeverymember,inturn,toproduceoneor

morequestionsonanypointofMorals,Politics,orNaturalPhilosophy.

Thequestionswouldthenbediscussedbythewholegroup.Also,oncein

threemonths,eachmemberwasrequiredtoreadanarticlehehadwritten

onanysubjecthepleased.

"Ourdiscussionsweredirectedbyapresidentandconductedasan

honestsearchfortruth.Weweretoavoidunpleasantargumentsora

desireforvictory.Anymemberwhodidnotobeytheseruleshadtopaya

fine."

TheJuntowhichFranklinorganizedcontinuedformanyyears.It

wasthebestgroupforthediscussionthen.Thequestionsweregivento

themembersduringtheweekbeforetheyweretobediscussed.This

encouragedthememberstoreadcarefullyabouteachsubjectsothatthey

mightspeakwithmoreunderstanding.

WhentheJuntowasorganized,beforethemiddleofthe18thcentury,

therewerenopubliclibraries.Therewasnotevenagoodbookstoresouth

ofBoston.Franklindecidedtoimprovethissituation.

EachmemberoftheJuntoownedafewbooks.Aroomhadbeen

rentedinwhichthemembersheldthemeetings.Franklinsuggestedthat

allthemembersshouldbringtheirbookstotheroom.Inthiswaythe

bookswouldbeahelptoallduringtheweeklydiscussion.Also,each

memberwouldbeallowedtotakeandreadathomeanybookhechose.

Throughouthislife,BenjaminFranklincontinuedhiseducation,

learningfromhumancon-tactsaswellasfrombooks.

1BenjaminFranklinstoppedhiseducationbecausehisfarthercould

notaffordthetuition.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

2AccordingtoBenjaminFranklin,livinghappilyandsuccessfullylies

inreading.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

3Heoftenreadmostofthenighttofinishabookthatheborrowed

fromhisbooksellerfriend.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

4EverymemberoftheJuntoshouldpresentanarticlehewrotein

regularintervals.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

5EverytimetheJuntomembersmet,eachbroughtwithhimsome

questionsforthegrouptodiscuss.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

6FranklinorganizedaprivatelibraryfortheJuntobecausetherewas

nopubliclibraryinhiscity.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

7TheweeklydiscussionswereheldatFranklin's.

ARightBWrong

CNotmentioned

WhatEmployersLookfor

Ingeneral,employersarelookingfortwothingsinjobapplicants:

proofthatacandidate

canhandleaspecificjobandevidencethatthepersonwillfitinwiththe

organization.Tooof-ten,employersaremostconcernedwiththe

candidate'sexperience,butcommunicationskills,enthusiasm,and

motivationareclosebehind.

Everypositionrequiresspecificqualifications.Whenyouareinvited

tointerviewforapo-sition,theinterviewermayalreadyhaveafairly

goodideaofwhetheryouhavetherightqualifications,basedonreview

ofyourresume.Butduringtheinterview,you'llbeaskedtodescribeyour

educationandpreviousjobsinmoredepthsotheinterviewercan

determinehowwellyourskillsmatchtherequirements.

Anotherconsiderationiswhetheracandidatehastheright

personalitytraitsforthejob.Eachjobrequiresadifferentmixof

personalitytraits.Thetaskoftheintervieweristofindoutwhethera

candidatewillbeabletodothejobcomfortably.

Inadditiontodeterminingwhethertheapplicanthastheright

professionalqualificationsandpersonalityforaparticularjob,the

interviewermustdecidewhetherthepersonwillbecompatiblewiththe

otherpeopleintheorganization.

Everyinterviewerapproachesthisissueof"fit"alittledifferently.

Physicalappearanceisoftenaconsideration,becauseclothingand

grooming（打扮）revealsomethingaboutacandidate'spersonalityand

awarenessofindustrystandards.Apartfromnoticingacandidate'sclothes,

interviewersalsosizeupsuchphysicalfactorsaseyecontact,handshake,

facialexpressions,andtoneofvoice.

Aninterviewermightalsoconsiderageindecidingwhetheran

applicantwillfitinwiththeorganization（althoughjobdiscrimination

againstthemiddle-agedisprohibitedbylaw）.Ifyoufeelyouryou