勞動力與就業(yè)問題(全解版)-2023年高考英語名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題

2023年高考英語名校試題熱點(diǎn)重點(diǎn)話題精選

精選04勞動力與就業(yè)問題

熱點(diǎn)介紹

就業(yè)是最大的民生，關(guān)系到千家萬戶的生活。我國有14億多的人口、9億勞動力，解決好就業(yè)問題,

始終是經(jīng)濟(jì)社會發(fā)展的一項(xiàng)重大任務(wù)。黨的十八大以來，按照黨中央決策部署，各地區(qū)、各部門緊緊圍繞

實(shí)現(xiàn)更加充分更高質(zhì)量的就業(yè)目標(biāo)，深入實(shí)施就業(yè)優(yōu)先戰(zhàn)略，豐富發(fā)展積極的就業(yè)政策，持續(xù)強(qiáng)化就業(yè)優(yōu)

先導(dǎo)向，在我國經(jīng)濟(jì)下行、外部環(huán)境復(fù)雜嚴(yán)峻的情況下，就業(yè)局勢保持總體穩(wěn)定，在14億多人口的大國實(shí)

現(xiàn)了比較充分的就業(yè)，成為民生改善、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的重要支撐。

十年來，我國城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)年均超1300萬人，十年累計(jì)實(shí)現(xiàn)城鎮(zhèn)新增就業(yè)1.3億人。數(shù)據(jù)顯示，2014

年城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人員比重首次超過鄉(xiāng)村，我國城鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)格局已經(jīng)發(fā)生歷史性改變，2021年城鎮(zhèn)就業(yè)人員占比達(dá)

到62.7%,比2012年提高了13.8個百分點(diǎn)。與此同時，中西部地區(qū)勞動力就近就地就業(yè)和返鄉(xiāng)創(chuàng)業(yè)趨勢明

顯，許多市縣由勞務(wù)輸出地變成了勞務(wù)輸入地，“就業(yè)不再去遠(yuǎn)方，家鄉(xiāng)就是好地方''成為務(wù)工新潮流，區(qū)域

就業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)更趨均衡。

十年來，高校畢業(yè)生、農(nóng)民工、就業(yè)困難人員等重點(diǎn)群體就業(yè)平穩(wěn)。重點(diǎn)群體穩(wěn)，就業(yè)大局穩(wěn)。在高

校畢業(yè)生人數(shù)連年增長的情況下，實(shí)現(xiàn)了8000多萬高校畢業(yè)生總體就業(yè)水平保持穩(wěn)定。農(nóng)民工總量從2012

年的26261萬人增至2021年的29251萬人。累計(jì)促進(jìn)失業(yè)人員再就業(yè)5501萬人，幫扶困難人員就業(yè)1768萬

人。

值得注意的是，黨的十八大以來，就業(yè)扶貧發(fā)揮了巨大功效。在脫貧攻堅(jiān)戰(zhàn)略實(shí)施期間，90%以上建檔

立卡貧困人口得到了產(chǎn)業(yè)扶貧和就業(yè)扶貧支持，三分之二以上主要靠外出務(wù)工和產(chǎn)業(yè)脫貧。我國累計(jì)建設(shè)

扶貧車間32688個，吸納貧困人口家門口就業(yè)43.7萬人，全國外出務(wù)工貧困勞動力將近3000萬人。

每一份工作的背后，都連接著一個家庭的幸福。黨的十八大以來，就業(yè)在推動經(jīng)濟(jì)社會穩(wěn)定協(xié)調(diào)發(fā)展

方面發(fā)揮了積極作用，無論是城鎮(zhèn)登記失業(yè)率，還是城鎮(zhèn)調(diào)查失業(yè)率，都保持在較低水平。即使面臨經(jīng)濟(jì)

下行壓力加大、中美貿(mào)易摩擦和新冠肺炎疫情等各種內(nèi)外部因素的沖擊，我國的勞動力市場依然表現(xiàn)出較

強(qiáng)的韌性。（來源：光明網(wǎng)，2022年09月13日）

題型精選

序號題型主要內(nèi)容

1閱讀理解在家辦公成為常態(tài)后的影響

2閱讀理解美國零售行業(yè)員工辭職去尋求新工作的利弊

3閱讀理解自動化在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用對農(nóng)業(yè)及勞動力的影響

4閱讀理解人的教育經(jīng)歷對工作及收入的影響

5閱讀理解“懶惰”往往能驅(qū)動我們進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新

6閱讀理解市場調(diào)節(jié)勞動力短缺問題

7閱讀理解NBA巨星KevinDurant的母親的金錢觀教育

8七選五直播銷售的現(xiàn)狀以及對農(nóng)村產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展的優(yōu)勢

9完形填空一戰(zhàn)后美國南方黑人涌入北方工業(yè)城市的原因及影響

一、閱讀理解

1

（2022?湖南?高三階段練習(xí)）Asmanyofficeworkersadapttoremotework,citiesmayundergofundamental

changeifofficesremainunder-utilized.Whowillbenefitifworkingfromhomebecomesthenorm?

Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshiftfromofficetohomework.

However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.

Unlessemployeesarefullycompensated,thiscouldbecomeavariantofparasitic（變異的）capitalism,

wherebycorporateprofitsincreasinglyrelyonextractingvaluefromthepublic-andnowpersonal-realm,rather

thanongeneratingnewvalue.

Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnotetheloneliness,reduced

productivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.

Ifworkingfromhomebecomespermanent,employeeswillhavetodedicatepartoftheirprivatespacetowork.

Thisrequirespurchasingdesks,chairsandofficeequipment.

Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbeheated,cleaned,maintainedandpaid

for.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,IhaverunsomeestimatesforMontreal.The

exerciseissimplebutimportant,sinceitbringsthesecostsoutoftherealmofspeculationintotherealmof

meaningfuldiscussion.

Roughcalculationsshowthatthesavingsmadebyemployerswhentheirstaffworksfromhomeareofsimilar

valuetothecompensationworkersshouldreceiveforsettingupofficesathome.

Whatdoesthismeanforofficesincities?Oneoftwothingsmayhappen:Employerspassthesecostsonto

employees.Thiswouldbeaformofexpropriation（侵占），withemployeesabsorbingproductioncoststhathave

traditionallybeenpaidbytheemployer.Thisrepresentsaconsiderabletransferofvaluefromemployeesto

employers.

Whenemployeesareproperlycompensated,employers'realestatesavingswillbemodest.Ifsavingsare

modest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchaslivelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,

team-buildingandacclimatization（適應(yīng)環(huán)境）ofnewemployees-willencourageemployerstoshelvetheideaof

remoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthetimefromcorporateofficespace.

I.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutworkingfromhome?

A.Itwillbecomethenormsoonerorlater.

B.Itrequiresemployeestoadaptpromptly.

C.Itbenefitsemployersattheexpenseofemployees.

D.Itwillforcecitiestotransformtheirinfrastructure.

2.Whydosomepeopleopposeworkingfromhome?

A.Itdiscouragesteamspirit.

B.Itunderminestraditionalvalues.

C.Itinvadesemployees9privacy.

D.Itnegativelyimpactsproductivity.

3.WhydidtheauthorruntheestimatesforMontreal?

A.Toprovideconvincingdataforseriousdiscussion.

B.Toillustratetheongoingchangeinworkingpatterns.

C.Toshowtheimpactofremoteworkingonproductivity.

D.Toexemplifyhowremoteworkingaffectstheeconomy.

4.Whatistheauthor'sopiniononworkingfromhome?

A.Itshouldbeavoidedifpossible.

B.Itisonlyatemporarymeasure.

C.Itcanreducecompanies'realestatecosts.

D.Itmayaffectemployees'corporateloyalty.

【答案】l.c2.D3.A4.A

【解析】本文是?篇議論文，主要論述的是如果在家辦公成為常態(tài)，誰會受益。

1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段的“Employersarguetheymakeconsiderablesavingsonrealestatewhenworkersshift

fromofficetohomework.However,thesesavingsresultfrompassingcostsontoworkers.（雇主們辯稱，當(dāng)員工從

辦公室轉(zhuǎn)移到家庭工作時，他們可以在房地產(chǎn)方面節(jié)省相當(dāng)多的資金。然而，這些節(jié)省來自于將成本轉(zhuǎn)嫁

給工人戶可知，在家工作以犧牲員工的利益為代價讓雇主受益。故選C。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段的“Thoughemployersarebackedbyachorusofremoteworkadvocates,othersnote

theloneliness,reducedproductivityandinefficienciesofextendedremotework.（盡管雇主們得到了遠(yuǎn)程工作倡

導(dǎo)者的?致支持，但也有人指出了遠(yuǎn)程工作帶來的孤獨(dú)感、生產(chǎn)力下降和效率低下）''可知，有些人反對在家

工作是因?yàn)檫@會對生產(chǎn)力產(chǎn)生負(fù)面影響。故選D。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第四段的“Italsomeanshavingprivatespacededicatedtowork:thespacemustbe

heated,cleaned,maintainedandpaidfor.Thatdependsonmanythings,butforpurposesofillustration,1haverun

someestimatesforMontreal.（這還意味著要有專門用于工作的私人空間：這些空間必須有暖氣、清潔、維護(hù)

和費(fèi)用。這取決于很多因素，但為了說明，我對蒙特利爾進(jìn)行了一些估算）''可知，作者要對蒙特利爾進(jìn)行估

算是為了為嚴(yán)肅的討論提供有說服力的數(shù)據(jù)。故選A。

4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段的“Ifsavingsaremodest,thenthemanyadvantagesofworkinginoffices-suchas

livelyatmosphere,rapidityofcommunication,team-buildingandacclimatizationofnewemployees-willencourage

employerstoshelvetheideaofremoteworkand,likeYahooin2013,encourageemployeestoworkmostofthe

timefromcorporateofficespace.（如果節(jié)省的成本不多，那么在辦公室工作的許多優(yōu)勢---比如活躍的氛圍、

快速的溝通、團(tuán)隊(duì)建設(shè)和新員工的適應(yīng)能力——將鼓勵雇主擱置遠(yuǎn)程工作的想法，并像2013年的雅虎一樣，

鼓勵員工大部分時間在公司辦公空間工作）”可知I,作者對在家工作的看法是如果可能的話，應(yīng)該避免這樣做。

故選Ao

2

（2022?柳州高級中學(xué)模擬預(yù)測）Atfirstglance,itlookslikeasmallrevolutionishappeninginretail（零售）

inAmerica.Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggestnumberinover20years.

Drivenbyacombinationoflowwages,COVID-19risks,andharassment（煩擾）fromcustomers,manyareleaving

theirretailjobsbehindinsearchofsomethingdifferent.

Evenbeforethepandemic,alotofretailjobsweren'tgoodjobs.In2017,thetypicalpayforfull-timeworkers

inthesectorwaslessthan$33,000ayear,notenoughtoliveoninmanyplaces.Andunpredictableschedulesleft

manyworkersscramblingtoarrangechildcareortransportationatamoment'snotice,neversureifthey'dget

enoughhourseachweektopaytheirbills.Jobsintheindustrywerelargelyconsideredtemporaryjobswithlow

statusandlowpay.

Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,asemployeesatgrocerystoresandbig-box

retailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothersshelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystore

workershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeeninfectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryas

awholearelikelymuchhigher.Thentherearethecustomers.Harassmentandrudenessareafactoflifeinmany

retailjobs,evenundernormalconditions.Customerswouldoftenyellatgroomersoverthingslikenotbeingableto

provideacertaincutorserviceforadog.

Retailworkerswhohaveconcernsabouttheircurrentjobsmayalsohavemorechoicesthanbefore.Withthe

economyreopeningandmanybusinesseslookingtohire,there'sademandforlaboracrosssectors.Butthatdoesn't

necessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs-wagesacrossindustrieshaven'tmeaningfullyrisen,

meaningworkerswhoquitaren't,asawhole,makingmoremoney.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,

fornow,isn'tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.Overall,it'snotclearthatthelargenumberofworkersquitting

reallymeanstheyhavemorepowerintheeconomy-powertodemandnotjustanewjobbutonewithhigherpay,

betterconditions,andfairertreatmentfromcustomersandmanagersalike.

5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph1?

A.Alotofretailworkersresigntheirjobs.

B.TheretailindustryinAmericaispromising.

C.Manyworkersquitjustbecauseoflowpay.

D.ThecustomersinAmericaarereallyannoying.

6.Whatmainlymadetheretailjobsmoredifficultduringthepandemic?

A.Workershadfewerjobopportunities.

B.Workers9lifesafetywasindanger.

C.Mostoftheretailjobsweretemporary.

D.Workersreceivedmoreharassmentfromcustomers.

7.Whatisauthor'sopinionaboutthephenomenoninretail?

A.Hethinksitrequirespublicattention.

B.Hearguesithasimproved.

C.Hebelievesitapositivedevelopment.

D.Hesupposesitmaynotbringgoodresults.

8.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Doyouwanttofindabetterjob?

B.Doesthepandemichittheretailjobs?

C.Doesanewjobmeanabetterjob?

D.Weretheretailjobsgoodornot?

【答案】5.A6.B7.D8.C

【解析】本文是說明文加議論文，文章描述了美國零售行業(yè)發(fā)生的一些變化，許多員工辭職去尋求新工作，

但作者認(rèn)為新的工作并不意味著是一份更好的工作。

5.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段的“Nearly650,000workersinthesectorquittheirjobsinApril,thebiggest

numberinover20years.”（今年4月，該行業(yè)有近65萬名員工辭職，這是20多年來的最大數(shù)字。）可知，

零售行業(yè)的許多員工在4月辭職了。故選A。

6.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段的"Then,whenthepandemichit,thosejobsalsobecamedangerous,as

employeesatgrocerystoresandbig-boxretailerslikeTargetandWalmarthadtoworkinpersonwhileothers

shelteredathome.Atleast158grocerystoreworkershavediedofCOVID-19andatleast35,100havebeen

infectedorexposedandnumbersfortheindustryasawholearelikelymuchhigher.（然后，當(dāng)疫情襲來時，這

些工作也變得危險(xiǎn)，因?yàn)殡s貨店和塔吉特（Target）和沃爾瑪（Walmart）等大型零售商的員工不得不親自工作，

而其他人則待在家里。少有158名雜貨店工作人員死于COVID-19,至少有35,100人被感染或接觸過，整

個行業(yè)的數(shù)字可能要高得多。）可知，員工要在新冠疫情期間外出工作，生命安全沒有保障。故選B。

7.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Butthatdoesn'tnecessarilymeantheyweremovingontobetterjobs—

wagesacrossindustrieshaven'tmeaningfullyrisen,meaningworkerswhoquitaren't,asawhole,makingmore

money.Thefactthatworkersmayhavemorechoices,fornow,isn'tyettranslatingintobetterchoices.（隨著經(jīng)，齊

重新開放，許多企業(yè)尋求招聘，各行各業(yè)都對勞動力有需求。但這并不一定意味著他們找到了更好的工作

—各行各業(yè)的工資并沒有明顯提高，這意味著辭職的工人總體上并沒有賺到更多的錢。就目前而言，員

工可能有更多的選擇，但這并沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為更好的選擇。）可知，作者認(rèn)為換一份新工作不一定會有好結(jié)果。

故選D。

8.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章大意，美國的零售行業(yè)發(fā)生了一些改變，很多員工辭職去找尋新的工作，但作者

認(rèn)為辭職的工人總體上并沒有賺到更多的錢。就目前而言，員工可能有更多的選擇，但這并沒有轉(zhuǎn)化為更

好的選擇，所以這并不意味著是一份更好的工作。因此，選項(xiàng)C“一份新工作是否意味著一份更好的工作?”

為最佳標(biāo)題。故選C。

3

（2022?安徽?高三開學(xué)考試）Whenpeoplethinkoffarmingtoday,theyusuallypictureatractor（拖拉機(jī)）

ratherthanhorsesinthefarmland.That'sbecausetractorsthatreliedonenginesrevolutionizedfarminginthelate

1800s.Nowanewtypeoftractorcandothesameinthe21stcentury.

Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepushforinnovationisfedbytheneed

toproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulation.Autonomoustractorsmaybethekeytosolving

thischallenge.Theycanbeusedtocarryoutlabor-intensivefarmingwhileallowingfarmerstodootherwork.A

bigplusisthatitcanincreasecropoutputwhilereducingcostsbecausetheautonomousmachinescanworkinall

weatherconditionswithoutanyrest.

Partofpushforautomationisashortageoffarmworkersduetopeople'sdesiretohavehigherpayingjobs

withbetterworkconditions.FarmownersarecompetingagainstcompanieslikeAmazonandrestaurantsthatare

raisingwagestoattractworkers.uWithlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaidin

ordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision/'saidDavidSwartz,a

professoratPennStateUniversity.

Manybelievethetimeisripeforanautonomousrevolutionbecauseroboticsisalreadyinuseinagriculture.

OnecompanythatisworkingtobringautonomoustractorsintomainstreamfarmingisBlueandWhiteRobotics,

anIsraeliagriculturaltechnologycompany,whosemissionistomakeafullyautonomousfarm.Thecompany

releasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcanbefixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludes

cameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.BlueandWhite'skitisbeingusedbyWestCoast

growersintheUS.Itmaysooncometoafarmnearyou.

9.WhatcontributestotheagriculturalrevolutionaccordingtoParagraph2?

A.Theurgetofeedmorepeople.B.Theextremeweatherconditions.

C.Theneedtoreducefarmingcost.D.Thedesireforautomaticfarming.

10.WhatisSwartz'sattitudetoautomation?

A.Critical.B.Negative.C.Supportive.D.Indifferent.

11.WhatcanbeinferredaboutBlueandWhite'skit?

A.Ithasbeenwidelyused.B.Itcanbemadeinmanyfirms.

C.Itcanimprovesafetyoftractors.D.Itwilldetectthewayoffarming.

12.Whatmaybeasuitabletitleforthetext?

A.AutomationIsTransformingAgricultureB.BigCompaniesAreMakingADifference

C.DriverlessTractorsAreWorthInvestingD.TraditionalFarmingIsFallingoutofDate

【答案】9.A10.C11.C12.A

【解析】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講述自動化在農(nóng)業(yè)中的應(yīng)用，并改變了農(nóng)業(yè)。

9.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.Thepush

forinnovationisfedbytheneedtoproducelargeramountsoffoodforagrowingworldpopulalion.（在過去的幾十

年中，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。為不斷增長的世界人口生產(chǎn)更多糧食的需求推動了創(chuàng)新。）''可推斷，因?yàn)槭?/p>

界人口的增長，需要生產(chǎn)更多的糧食來養(yǎng)活更多的人，這促成了農(nóng)業(yè)革命。故選A。

10.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“"Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthathavetobepaid

inordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,saidDavidSwartz,a

professoratPennStateUniversity.（賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)教授DavidSwartz說，“隨著勞動力短缺，以及為了保

持競爭力而不得不支付的時薪上漲，突然之間，自動化似乎成了一個更合理的決定°”）“可知，DavidSwartz

認(rèn)為自動化是合理的決定，所以推斷DavidSwartz支持自動化。故選C。

11.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“ThecompanyreleasedanautonomoustractorkitinFebruary2021thatcan

befixedonanyexistingtractor.Thekitincludescameradetection,speedcontrols,aswellasananti-crashsystem.

（該公司在2021年2月發(fā)布了一款自動拖拉機(jī)套件，可以安裝在任何現(xiàn)有的拖拉機(jī)上。這套裝備包括攝像頭

檢測、速度控制以及防碰撞系統(tǒng)。）“可知，BlueandWhite，skit包含偵測攝像頭、速度控制以及防撞系統(tǒng)，

由此推斷BlueandWhite'skit能夠提高拖拉機(jī)的安全性。故選C。

12.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Agriculturehasbeenchangingdramaticallyinthelastfewdecades.（在過去的

幾十年中，農(nóng)業(yè)發(fā)生了巨大的變化。戶及第三段“"Withlaborshortagesandtheincreaseinthehourlywagesthat

havetobepaidinordertobecompetitive,allofasuddenautomationseemslikeamorereasonabledecision,“said

DavidSwartz,aprofessoralPennStateUniversity.（賓夕法尼亞州立大學(xué)教授DavidSwartz說，“隨著勞動力短

缺，以及為了保持競爭力而不得不支付的時薪上漲，突然之間，自動化似乎成了一個更合理的決定?？?/p>

知，自動化正應(yīng)用在農(nóng)業(yè)中，并改變農(nóng)業(yè)。所以文章的標(biāo)題應(yīng)是“AutomationIsTransformingAgriculture（自

動化正在改變農(nóng)業(yè)）故選A。

4

（2021?重慶巴蜀中學(xué)高三階段練習(xí)）Doestheamountofeducationyou'vecompletedimpactthemoneyyou

earnduringyourworkingyears?Theshortanswerisyes.Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,the

higheryoursalary.Butthere'smoretothestory.Let'stakeadeeperlookintohoweducationaffectsincome,job

security,benefits,andretirement.

TheU.S.BureauofLaborandStatisticsrecentlypublisheddataabouteducationlevelsandincome.

Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannualsalary(about$31,000),andhave

thegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhighschooldiploma,they'dhavethe

potentialtoearncloseto$8,000moreperyear.

Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourseworkisbetterthanhavingnocollege

creditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannualearningsby$5,000overhavingahigh

schooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,as

expected,comeswhensomeonegoesfromhavingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor'sdegree,whichis

abouta$26,000increaseannually.

Thereareseveralotherbenefitstoobtainingacollegedegree.TheLuminaFoundationreportsthatemployees

withbachelor'sdegreesare47%morelikelytogethealthinsurancecoverage.Also,CBSNewsfindsthatthose

withbachelor'sdegreesaremorelikelytoworkpastthetypicalretirementageandretirelater.

Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosaveforretirement,andincreasetheireventualSocial

Securitybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthemintellectuallychallenged,engaged

withtheworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.

Thebottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat'sjustonepartofthe

story.Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityin

retirement,andevenamorefulfillinglife.

13.Whatistheaverageyearlyincomeofpeoplewithbachelor'sdegrees?

A.About$70,000.B.About$65,000.

C.About$44,000.D.About$39,000.

14.Whichlevelofeducationisanunexpectedsalarybooster?

A.Nohighschooldiploma.B.Ahighschooldiploma.

C.Somecollegebutnodegree.D.Abachelor'sdegree.

15.Inwhatwaycanlateretirementbenefitus?

A.WeHlliveamorefulfillinglife.B.We'llreduceourlivingexpenses.

C.We'llenjoyincreasedjobsecurity.D.WeUlinvestoursavingsmorewisely.

16.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthetext?

A.Tostressthebenefitsofsecurejobs.

B.Topromoteawarenessofincomegaps.

C.Toillustratetheimportanceofeducation.

D.Tointroducetheimpactsofschoolsystems.

【答案】13.B14.C15.A16.C

【分析】本篇是說明文。文章闡述了人的教育經(jīng)歷對其工作的收入、穩(wěn)定程度、其他福利、退休年齡等方

面的影響。

13.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Unsurprisingly,individualswithoutahighschooldiplomaearnthelowestannual

salary（about$31,000）,andhavethegreatestriskofbeingunemployed.Butiftheywentontoobtaintheirhigh

schooldiploma,they'dhavethepotentialtoeamcloseto$8,000moreperyear.（毫不奇怪，沒有高中文憑的個人

年薪最低（約31000美元），失業(yè)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)最大。但如果他們繼續(xù)獲得高中文憑，他們就有可能每年多賺近8000

美元）''和第三段"Butthebiggestjumpinannualsalarypotential,asexpected,comeswhensomeonegoesfrom

havingahighschooldiplomatoearningabachelor'sdegree,whichisaboutaS26,000increaseannually.（但正如

預(yù)期的那樣，年薪增長潛力最大的是，當(dāng)一個人從高中畢業(yè)到獲得學(xué)士學(xué)位，每年大約增加26000美元）”

可知，擁有學(xué)士學(xué)位的人的平均年收入是31,000美元+8000美元+26000=65000美元。因此，擁有學(xué)士學(xué)

位的人的平均年收入是B項(xiàng)“About$65,000.（大約65000美元。戶符合題意，故選B項(xiàng)。

14.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第?二句"Whatcomesasasurpriseisthathavingcompletedsomecollegecourse

workisbetterthanhavingnocollegecreditsatall.Withsomecollegebutnodegree,onecanincreasehisannual

earningsby$5,000overhavingahighschooldiplomaalone,andseehisjobsecurityincreaseabit.（令人驚訝的

是，完成?些大學(xué)課程總比沒有大學(xué)學(xué)分要好。有了大學(xué)但沒有學(xué)位，一個人的年收入可以比僅僅擁有高

中文憑增加5000美元，他的工作保障也會有所增加。戶可知，上過大學(xué)但未獲得學(xué)位的大學(xué)教育經(jīng)歷對薪

水的提升讓人意外。因此，意外的加薪因素的教育水平是C項(xiàng)“Somecollegebutnodegree.（有些大學(xué)，但沒

有學(xué)位。廣符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。

15.推理判斷題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段“Thosewhoworkpastage65havemoreopportunitytosavefbrretirement,and

increasetheireventualSocialSecuritybenefits.Inaddition,workingpastthetypicalretirementagekeepsthem

intellectuallychallenged,engagedwiththeworldandconnectedtofriendsandcoworkers.（65歲以上工作的人有

更多的機(jī)會為退休儲蓄，并增加他們最終的社會保障福利。此外，超過典型退休年齡的工作使他們在智力

上受到挑戰(zhàn)，與世界接觸，與朋友和同事保持聯(lián)系。）”可知，延遲退休可以讓人們有更多的機(jī)會儲蓄、提高

人們的社保福利，還能讓老年人在工作狀態(tài)中保持思考、與世界相連、與朋友和同事保持聯(lián)絡(luò)，總的來說，

延遲退休能讓人的生活更加滿意。因此，延遲退休對我們有什么好處是A項(xiàng)"We'llliveamorefulfillinglife.

（我們會過上更充實(shí)的生活）''符合題意，故選A項(xiàng)。

16.推理判斷題。通讀全文,尤其是第一段“Studyafterstudyshowsthatthemoreeducation,thehigheryour

salary.（一項(xiàng)又一項(xiàng)研究表明，受教育程度越高，你的工資就越高。但故事還有很多。戶以及最后一段“The

bottomlineisthateducationdoeshaveanimpactonyourpotentialearnings.Butthat'sjustonepartofthestory.

Moreeducationmayalsoleadtoincreasedjobsecurity,betteraccesstohealthcare,increasedsecurityinretirement,

andevenamorefulfillinglife.（歸根結(jié)底，教育確實(shí)會影響你的潛在收入。但這只是故事的一部分。更多的

教育還可能帶來更高的工作保障、更好的醫(yī)療保障、更高的退休保障，甚至更充實(shí)的生活）“可知，本文主要

說明J'受教育程度對個人收入、福利等等影響巨大。因此，作者寫這篇文章的目的是C項(xiàng)“Toillustratethe

importanceofeducation”說明教育的重要性）”符合題意，故選C項(xiàng)。

5

（2022?天津?高三專題練習(xí)）In1910,theLosAngelesTimesranastoryaboutaboywhowaschargedwith

openingavalve（閥門）onawaterpumppoweredbyasteamenginetoreleasethebuilt-uppressure.Hiswholejob

consistedofstaringatthesemachinesallday,whichwasincrediblyboring.The"lazy"boytheninventedarelease

forthepumptorunjustasitshouldandwonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasborn.

Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy'sbehaviorreflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoften

searchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessandsavetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandrive

innovation.

Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothisinsight,changingour

perspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeencreditedwithaquote:"I

alwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasywaytodoit.”

Ourbrainsarebornforlaziness.Comparedwithourancestorswhohadtoconserveenergytocompetefor

fbod,fleefrompredators,andfight,wenowdon'ttakesurvivalasadailyissue.Itseemsnaturalthatwewould

choosetobe“l(fā)azier”,buttheoppositehasoccurred.AccordingtotheU.S.BureauofLaborStatistics,Americans

sleeplessandworkmorethanweusedto;productivityperworkerhasgoneup400percentsince1950.Ourculture

teachesusthatourworthdependsonhowindustriousweare,soweworkevenhardertoproduceevenmore.

Butthere5sonebigparadox（悖論），sadbuttrue:Theharderwework,thelessproductiveweare.When

demandincreases,wetendtopushharder.Yetthetroubleisthat,withoutanyrefreshandrecharge,weareless

efficient,makemoremistakes,andgetlessengagedwithwhatwe'redoing.

Therefore,howcanwemakeourlabormoremeaningfulandourlivesmorefulfilling?Currentresearchin

psychologyandneurosciencepointstoanewunderstandingofthevalueofthewanderingmind.Takingbreaksand

allowingyourthoughtstodriftcanhelpyourbrainretaininformation,refocus,andgainfreshperspective.

Here'sthecoreproblem:Whenthetimefinallycomestoputourfeetup,weoftendon'tknowhow.Wehave

littletraininginhowtobeidle.Butatleastgiveitashot.Maybethisweek,noticesomedowntimeinyourday,

somewhitespaceinyourcalendar.Insteadoffillingthespacewithmorework,justsitinthesofa,andbe,inthe

wordsofpoetMaryOliver,44idleandblessed.”

17.TheauthortellsthestoryinparagraphItoprove.

A.thekidneedspunishingB.boredomenhancesproductivity

C.creativitycontributestolazinessD.lazinessinspiresnewideas

18.Howdidtheauthorsupporthisopinioninthethirdparagraph?

A.Bylistingsomenumbersofbeinglazy.

B.Byquotingsomegreatfigures'words.

C.Bymakingacomparisonbetweentwogreatfigures.

D.Bygivingexamplesofhowtobecreative.

19.Whatcanweinferfromparagraph4?

A.Peoplenowadaysdon'thavetofacepoverty.B.Modernsocietyhonorscreativity.

C.Americanslivesapoorerlifethanbefore.D.Ancestorsconsiderindustryasavalue.

20.Whichofthefollowingideawilltheauthorprobablyagreewith?

A.Working24-7withatightschedule.

B.Takingthreepart-timejobstofillweekends.

C.Watchingastand-upcomedyafterabusyweekday.

D.Attendingaformaldinnerwithbusinesspurpose.

21.Theauthorwritesthispassageto.

A.comparethepreviousunderstandingofidlenesstothenew

B.persuadepeopletogiveupthevalueofhardwork

C.criticizetheirresponsibleattitudetowardslife

D.encouragepeopletokeeprefreshedforbetterworkandlife

【答案】17.D18.B19.D20.C21.D

【解析】這是一篇議論文。文章主要論述了一個新穎的觀點(diǎn)：“懶惰”往往能驅(qū)動我們進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新。

17.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段的“The44lazy"boytheninventedareleaseforthepumptorunjustasitshouldand

wonhisfreedom.Thefirstautomaticsteamenginewasbom.（這個'懶惰’的男孩發(fā)明了一種能讓水泵正常運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)

的裝置，贏得了自由。第一臺自動蒸汽機(jī)誕生了）”和第二段“Thisstorymaybefictional,buttheboy'sbehavior

reflectsadeepertruth.Whenwearefeelinglazy,weoftensearchforaneasierway,tryingtoupdatetheprocessand

savetimeandeffort.Inotherwords,lazinesscandriveinnovation.（這個故事可能是虛構(gòu)的，但這個男孩的行為

反映了一個更深層次的事實(shí)。當(dāng)我們感到懶惰時，我們經(jīng)常尋找更簡單的方法，試圖更新流程，節(jié)省時間

和精力。換句話說，懶惰可以推動創(chuàng)新廠推知，第一段提到這個男孩的故事是為了證明懶惰激發(fā)新想法，即

懶惰可以推動創(chuàng)新。故選D。

18.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Inrecentyears,somepsychologistsandbusinessleadershavewiseduptothis

insight,changingourperspectiveofwhatlazinessreallymeans.BothBillGatesandWalterChryslerhavebeen

creditedwithaquote:"Ialwayschoosealazypersontodoahardjobbecausealazypersonwillfindaneasyway

todoit.”（近年來，一些心理學(xué)家和商界領(lǐng)袖認(rèn)識到了這