英語教程3Unit-6課件

ListeningandspeakingReadingGrammarWritingCultureexpressContentPronunciationandlisteningskillsConversationsPassageListeningandspeakingListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Tips在做推斷題時，需要根據(jù)聽力材料的內(nèi)容、關(guān)鍵詞、上下文等，利用邏輯推理、歸納等方法來領(lǐng)會說話者的言外之意，從而選擇出正確答案。這類題目的題干中常出現(xiàn)infer,imply,mostlikely,leastlikely,probably等詞語。ListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.1Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation???ATonycouldnotcontinuepracticing.BTonylostthematchyesterday.CTonyhadexpecteditwaseasiertowin.2Whatdoesthemanimply?AHebrokethejar.BHehadanaccident.CHedidn’tlikejam.ListeningforimpliedmeaningListentosomeshortconversationsandchoosethebetanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.3Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer???AShe’dliketoturnontheairconditioner.BShe’dliketohavethewindowopen.CShelovesfreshair.4Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?AThegirlsalwaysquarrelwitheachother.BThegirlsgotonwellwitheachother.CThewomanwasalwaysangrywiththeothergirls.ScriptsListeningforimpliedmeaning1.Woman:Hi,Tony.Howdidyourmatchgoyesterday?Man:Well,itwasn’taseasyasIhadthought.Ihavetocontinuepracticing.Question:Whatdowelearnfromtheconversation?2.Woman:IjustmadeajarofjamthismorningandnowIcan’tfinditanywhere.Doyouknowwhathappenedtoit？Man:Didyouhearacrash?Thatwasit.I’mjustasclumsyasever.Question:Whatdoesthemanimply?ScriptsListeningforimpliedmeaning3.Man:Doyouwanttoturnontheairconditioneroropenthewindow?Woman:Ilovefreshairifyoudon’tmind.Question:Whatcanbeinferredfromthewoman’sanswer?4.Man:Whatwoulditbelikelivingwiththosegirls?Woman:Itwasafantasticdorm.Ialwaysgotmadwhenpeoplesaidwegirlscouldn’tgetalong.Therewasnoquarrel.Wehadawonderfultime.Question:Whatcanweinferfromtheconversation?ConversationsConversation1Conversation2FunctionallanguageExercisesExercisesFunctionallanguagePetersaysthereisaphotoexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.1.

Listen

toaconversationanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FFTMarywillbebusythisSaturdayevening.PeterandMarywillmeetat5:00p.m.atMary’shouse.Conversation1

–Extendinginvitations&responsesWordtipsartgallery

n.

美術(shù)館Ihearthere’sagreatpaintingexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.I’mwonderingifyou_____________

gowithme.2.

Listenagainandcompletethefollowingsentenceswithwhatyouhear.Areyoufreetomorrowevening,_________________?Oh,I’msorry._____________I’llbebusytomorrownight.IhavetofinishtwotermpapersbythisFriday.Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses4.Sure,Saturday

_______________tome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.mightliketobyanychanceI’mafraidsoundsgreatScriptsConversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesPeter:Hello,thisisPeterspeaking.MayIspeaktoMary?Mary:Hello,Maryspeaking.Peter:Mary,Ihearthere’sagreatpaintingexhibitionattheartgallerythisweek.I’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Mary:Yes,I’dloveto.Peter:Areyoufreetomorrowevening,byanychance?Mary:Oh,I’msorry.I’mafraidI’llbebusytomorrownight.IhavetofinishtwotermpapersbythisFriday.ScriptsConversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesPeter:Well,whataboutgoingtherethisSaturdayevening?Mary:Sure,Saturdaysoundsgreattome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Whattimeshouldwemeet?Peter:Let’smakeit5:00p.m.atyourhouse.Mary:OK.Seeyouthen.3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Situation1AisB’sboyfriend.AisgoingtoinviteBtoseeanewmovie.Situation2AandBareartstudents.AisgoingtoinviteBtoseeaphotoexhibition.GUIDEDCONVERSATIONA:CallBtoinvitehim/hertoamovie/photoexhibition.B:AcceptA’sinvitation.A:Talkaboutwhenandwheretomeet.B:AgreetoA’ssuggestionandthankAfortheinvitation.(Sample)Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses(Sample)Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation1Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesJack:Hello,Rose.Whatareyoudoing?Rose:Hi,honey.I’mhavingmylunch.What’sup?Jack:Anewmovieison.Wouldyouliketogotoseeitwithmethisevening?Rose:Sure,I’dloveto.Jack:OK.Howaboutmeetingat5:00p.m.infrontofyourapartmentbuilding?Wecanhavedinnertogetherbeforewegotothecinema.Rose:Soundsgreat.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation2Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responsesLisa:Hello,ThisisLisaspeaking.IsJerrythere?Jerry:Hi,Lisa.ThisisJerry.Lisa:Jerry,there’sagreatphotoexhibitionattheartgallerythisweekend.I’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Jerry:Yes,ofcourse.Lisa:WouldyoubefreethisSaturdaymorning?Jerry:Yes.Howarewegoingtomeet?Lisa:Whataboutmeetinginfrontoftheartgalleryat9:00thisSaturday?Jerry:Great.Iwillseeyouat9:00onSaturdaymorningthen.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Thanksalot.FunctionalLanguageExtendinginvitationsResponsesI’mwonderingifyoumightliketogowithme.Areyoufreetomorrowevening,byanychance?WouldyoubefreethisSaturdayevening?WhataboutgoingtherethisSaturdayevening?Wouldyouliketogotoseethatmoviewithme?Yes,I’dloveto.Sure,Saturdaysoundsgreattome.It’sniceofyoutoinviteme.Thankyou.I’dlovetoverymuch.Yes,ofcourse.Oh,I’msorry.I’mafraidthat…Conversation1

-Extendinginvitations&responses1.

Listentoaconversationandchoosethebestanswertoeachofthefollowingquestions.Wordtipssidedishn.配菜Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1Whosebirthdaypartyaretheygoingtotakepartin?ARobert’s.BMary’s.CJay’s.AHisschedulehasjustbeenchanged.BHelovespoolpartyverymuch.CHehasnotseenhisfriendsforalongperiodoftime.2WhydoesRobertfinallyagreetogototheparty???2.

Listenagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).FFTFConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1

ThepartywillbeheldonSundayevening.2

Robertwillnotinvitehisgirlfriendtothebirthdayparty.3

ThepartywillbeheldatJay’shouse.4

Everyonewillbringamaindishtotheparty.ScriptsConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesWoman:Robert,areyougoingtobeintownthisweekend?Man:Idon’thaveanythingscheduledyet.Woman:WearewonderingifyouwouldliketocometoMary’sbirthdaypartyonSaturday.Man:Thatsoundsverynice,butI’mnotsureifI’mfreethen.Woman:Oh,comeon.Wehaven’tseeneachotherforages.Youcanbringyourgirlfriendandwe’llhaveagreattimetogether.Man:Allright.I’llcallher.Willitbeatyourhouse?Woman:ThepartywillbeatJay’shouse,outbythepool.Man:Willeveryonebringsomefood?ScriptsConversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesWoman:Itwouldbegreatifyoucouldbringasidedish,buttherestofthefoodwillbeprovided.Man:Whatshouldwewear?Woman:Thisisapoolparty,somakesuretobringyourbathingsuit.Man:Soundslikeit’llbefun.SeeyouguysonSaturday.3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesSituation1AinvitesBtohavedinnerathis/herhousethisweekend.Situation2AandBareathleticstudents.AisgoingtoinviteBtowatchafigureskating(花樣滑冰)competition.(Sample)(Sample)3.

Role-playaconversationinpairsaccordingtooneofthefollowingsituations.YoumayrefertotheFunctionalLanguage.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesGUIDEDCONVERSATIONA:AskBifhe/sheisfreethisweekend.B:Giveapositiveanswer.A:InviteBtohavedinner/watchafigureskatingcompetition.B:AcceptA’sinvitation.A:Talkaboutwhenandwheretomeet.B:AgreetoA’ssuggestionandthankAfortheinvitation.Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation1Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesMay:Willyoubefreethisweekend,June?June:I’mgoingtovisitmygrandparentsthisSunday,butI’llbefreeonSaturday.May:Myparentsaregoingonavacation,soIwillstayathomealone.I’dliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisweekend.June:Thankyou.I’dlovetoverymuch.May:Let’smakeit6∶00p.m.atmyhouse.Afterdinner,wecanwatchamovietogether.June:Sure,itsoundsgreattome.DoIneedtobringanyfoodordrinks?May:No,youdon’thavetobringanything.Iwillgeteverythingready.June:OK.It’sveryniceofyoutoinviteme.Thanksalot!Roleplay-SampleconversationSituation2Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responsesTom:Hey,Lily.WillyoubefreethisFriday,byanychance?Lily:Yes,Ithinkso.Tom:Wouldyoubeinterestedinwatchingafigureskatingcompetitionwithme?Ijustgottwotickets.Lily:Afigureskatingcompetition?Thatwouldbelovely.Tom:ThenI’llpickyouupatyourhouseat6:00p.m.thisFriday.Lily:Thatsoundsgreat.Thankyousomuchforinvitingme.Tom:You’rewelcome.I’llseeyouthisFriday,then.Lily:OK.Seeyou!FunctionalLanguageExtendinginvitationsResponsesWearewonderingifyouwouldliketocometo…Iwouldliketoinviteyoutodinnerthisweekend.Wouldyoubeinterestedinwatching…?Couldyoucometohavedinnerwithme?Mm,that’sagreatidea.That’dbelovely.Thatsoundsverynice.Thankyou.Yes,withpleasure.Ican’t,I’mafraid.I’mbusythisweekend.Conversation2-Extendinginvitations&responses1.

Listentoapassageandcheck(?)thereasonswhypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee.Wordtipscaffeine

n.

咖啡因alert

adj.

警覺的reduce

v.

減少；降低diabetesn.

糖尿病decafn.

脫咖啡因的咖啡Passage1.

Listentoapassageandcheck(?)thereasonswhypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee.Passage???1

Coffeecangetthemgoinginthemornings.2

Coffeecanwakethemupinthemornings.3

Coffeecanwakethemupintheafternoons.4

Coffeecanpreparethemforspecialbusinessmeetings.5

Coffeecanpreparethemforparties.2.

Listenagainanddecidewhetherthefollowingstatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F).TTFPassage1

Somepeopledon’tlikecoffeewithcaffeinebecausetheyareafraidthatitwilldoharmtotheirhealth.2

Caffeineincoffeecaneffectivelylowertheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.3

Coffeewithoutcaffeinedoesnottastegood.ScriptsPassageAllovertheworld,peopledrinkcoffee.Whereveryougo,fromsmalltownstolargecities,youwillnodoubtfindpeoplewhodrinkcoffee.Whydosomanypeoplelovedrinkingcoffee?Well,manyofusrelyoncoffeetogetusgoinginthemornings,wakeusupintheafternoons,andprepareusforspecialbusinessmeetings.Somepeoplechoosecoffeewithoutcaffeineforfearthatthecaffeineincoffeewilldoharmtotheirhealth.Butstudiesshowthatcoffeewithcaffeineisactuallyveryhelpfulaslongaspeopledon’tdrinktoomuchofit.Caffeineworkswondersinmorewaysthanone.Inadditiontogivingpeopleenergy,keepingpeopleawakeandalert,thecaffeineincoffeealsohasotherhealthbenefits.Forexample,researchsuggeststhatdrinkingcoffeecaneffectivelyreducetheriskofdevelopingdiabetes.Ofcourse,somepeoplelikedecaf.Itstilltastesgood,butyouwillnotbegettingtheadditionalbenefitsofdrinkingcoffeewithcaffeineinit.Passage1

Whatbeveragedoyoulikemost?2

Whydoyoulikeit?3

Whendoyoulikedrinkingit?4

Whatbenefitsdoesthebeveragehaveonyourhealth?5

Whatharmsdoesthebeveragedotoyourhealth?6

Doyouknowtheoriginofthebeverage?3.

Workingroupstotalkaboutthebeverage(飲料)youlikemost.Youmayaskthefollowingquestions:PassageIlikeorangejuiceverymuchandoftendrinkitinthemornings.ItisanexcellentsourceofvitaminC,

whichhelpsthebodyfightinfections.Variousmedicalstudiesshowthatorangejuicemayhelplower

bothcholesterol(膽固醇)levelsandbloodpressurelevels,whicharetwoverycommonproblemsamong

middle-agedpeople.Sinceorangejuiceisoffairlyhighcalorie,itisnecessarytoavoiddrinkingtoomuch

ofit.Besuretocheckthesugarcontentonthelabelwhenchoosingorangejuiceifyoureallywantto

getthemostbenefitsfromit.PassageAPassageBCoffeecultureAnartwitharoma—CoffeepaintingReadingCoffeecultureLead-inTextstudyExercisesPassageAPassageA–CoffeecultureLead-inExtendedreadingPre-readingquestionsVideoappreciationPassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-VideoappreciationThehistoryofcoffeeisasrichasthebrewitself,datingbackmorethanathousandyears.ThefirstcoffeeplantsaresaidtohavecomefromtheHornofAfricaontheshoresoftheRedSea.Originally,coffeebeansweretakenasafoodandnotasabeverage.Later,aroundtheyear1000AD,Ethiopiansconcoctedatypeofwinefromcoffeeberries,fermentingthedriedbeansinwater.CoffeealsogrewnaturallyontheArabianPeninsula,anditwasthere,duringthe11thcenturythatcoffeewasfirstdevelopedintoahotdrink.

Thecultivationofcoffeebegansometimeinthefifteenthcentury,andformanycenturiestofollow,theYemenprovinceofArabiawastheworld'sprimarysourceofcoffee.ThedemandforcoffeeintheNearEastwasveryhigh.ThebeansleavingtheYemeniportofMochafortradewerehighlyguarded.Infact,PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-Extendedreadingnofertileplantswereallowedtoleavethecountry.Despitetherestrictions,MuslimpilgrimsfromacrosstheglobeduringtheirpilgrimagestoMeccamanagedtosmugglecoffeeplantsbacktotheirhomelands,andcoffeecropssoontookrootinIndia.CoffeealsomadeitswayintoEuropearoundthistimethroughthecityofVenice,wherefleetstradedperfumes,teas,dyesandfabricswithArabicmerchantsalongtheSpiceRoute.ManyEuropeanmerchantsgrewaccustomedtodrinkingcoffeeoverseasandbroughtitbackwiththem.Bythemiddleofthe17thcenturytheDutchdominatedtheworld'smerchantshippingindustry,andtheyintroducedlarge-scalecoffeecultivationtotheircoloniesinIndonesiaontheislandsofJava,Sumatra,SulawesiandBali.PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-ExtendedreadingCoffeearrivedinLatinAmericaseveraldecadeslater,whentheFrenchbroughtacuttingofacoffeeplanttoMartinique.ButwhenarareplantdiseasespreadthroughthecoffeefieldsofSoutheastAsiainthemid19thcentury,Brazilemergedastheworld'sforemostcoffeeproducer,anhonorthecountrystillholdstoday.PassageA–CoffeecultureLead-in-ExtendedreadingPassageA–CoffeeculturePre-readingquestionsWorkingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.Itrevealstheimportantroleofcoffeeandcoffee

housesinWesternpeople’slives.1.IntheWest,peoplesay,“IfI’mnotinthecoffeehouse,Iwillbeonthewaytothecoffeehouse.”Whatdoyouthinkofthestatement?PassageA–CoffeeculturePre-readingquestionsWorkingroupstodiscussthefollowingquestions.2.SomepeoplethinkthatteaistotheChinesewhatcoffeeistotheWesterners.Doyouagree?Whyorwhynot?Iagreewiththisopinion.CoffeeisofgreatimportancetoWesternerswhileteaisanecessitytothe

Chinese.

ThereisanoldChinesesaying,“Firewood,rice,oil,salt,sauce,vinegar,andteaaretheseven

necessitiestobeginaday.”ThestatementshowshowimportantteaisinChinesepeople’slives.PassageA–CoffeecultureTextstudyOrganizationofthetextLanguagepointsTextreadingPassageACoffeecultureCoffeehasahistorydatingbacktoatleastthe9thcentury.FirstdiscoveredinEthiopia,coffeebeanswerebroughtintotheMiddleEastbyArabianbusinessmeninthe15thcentury.ThentheywerespreadintoEgypt,Turkey,andNorthAfrica.IslamicmerchantsthenbroughtthebeanstothethrivingportcityofVenice,wheretheysoldthemtowealthyItalianbuyers.Soon,theDutchbeganimportingandgrowingcoffeeinplaceslikeJavaandCeylon(largelythroughcheapslavelabor).TheEastIndiaCompanyhelpedpopularizecoffeeinEngland.AnditgraduallyspreadacrossEuropeandevenreachedAmerica._________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeecultureWheretherehasbeencoffee,therehasbeenthecoffeehouse.Fromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas._______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture3.Themoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.NewYorkcoffeeshopswereoftenvisitedbytheBeatpoetsandwritersinthe1950s.Itwasn’tlongbeforeSeattleandotherpartsofthePacificNorthwestweredevelopingcoffeeshopsaspartofathrivingcounterculturescene.TheSeattle-basedcoffeecompanyStarbuckstookthismodelandbroughtitintomainstreamculture.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture4.Althoughcoffeehousestodaycontinuetoservetheirtraditionalroleaslivelysocialcentersinmanycommunities,theyhavealsoadaptedtothetimes.Rediscoveringtheirrolesascentersofinformationexchangeandcommunication,manycoffeeshopsnowprovidetheircustomerswithInternetaccessandnewspapers.IthasbecomecommontoseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop.Coffeeshopstodayalsohavetheirunique,easy-to-recognizestyle:woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas,paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting,whichcombinetogivecoffeeshopsthecozyfeelingofahomeawayfromhome.______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5.Today,bigbusinessretailcoffeeshopsareexpandingquicklyallovertheworld.Starbucksalonehasstoresinover60countriesandplanstoaddmore.Despiteitspopularity,Starbuckshasbeencriticizedbymanyasablood-suckingcorporatemachine,drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices.Thishasevenproducedananti-corporatecoffeecounterculture.Peoplewhosupportthiscounterculturesaytheywillnotbuycoffeefrombigbusinesscoffeeshops.IncreasinglypopularcoffeestoressuchasTheCoffeeBeanandTeaLeafarealsogivingStarbuckssomecompetition.Inanycase,itseemsprettyclearthatcoffeehasweaveditselfintothefabricofourconsumer-orientedculture.PassageACoffeeculture_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageACoffeeculture6.Coffee,itwouldseem,ismorethanjustadrink.Eversinceitsappearance,coffeehasbeentiedcloselywithculturaltrendsandhasbeenindicativeofimportantperiodsinhistory.ItwaspouredintothecupsofthegiantsoftheFrenchEnlightenmentastheychangedthecourseofhumanthought,itwasplacedonthebacksofslavesintheeraofimperialism,itsfragrancewasintheairastheBeatpoetswroteoftheiralienation,anditisherenowastheworldcontinuestochangeinthiseraoftechnologyandglobalization.Sothenexttimeyouenjoyyourlatteorcappuccino,appreciatethefactthatyouareconnectedtocountlesspeopleacrossmanydifferentculturesanderasthroughyourloveofthatwonderfulbeverage:coffee.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________PassageA–CoffeecultureOrganizationofthetextStructurePartI(Para.______)PartII(Para.______)PartIII(Para.______)1-23-56Introduction:

coffeehistoryandtheappearanceofcoffeehouse.Conclusion:coffeeismorethanjustadrink.Development:themoderncoffeeshops’developmentandtheircompetitionbetweenbigbusinesscoffeestoresandthesmallones.PassageA–CoffeecultureIslamicmerchantsthenbroughtthebeanstothethrivingportcityofVenice,wheretheysoldthemtowealthyItalianbuyers.接著穆斯林商人把咖啡豆帶到了繁榮的港口城市威尼斯，將其賣給富有的意大利買主。thriving

我們后來搬到巴黎，在那里住了六年。WethenmovedtoParis,wherewelivedforsixyears.是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語，修飾portcity。(Line5,Para.1)關(guān)系副詞where引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，對先行詞

Venice作進(jìn)一步的說明。PassageA–CoffeecultureWheretherehasbeencoffee,therehasbeenthecoffeehouse.有志者事竟成。Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.句中where

引導(dǎo)了地點狀語從句。(Line1,Para.2)哪里有咖啡，哪里就有咖啡屋。PassageA–CoffeecultureFromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas.從供人們聚集在一起聽音樂、下棋、聽別人朗讀文學(xué)作品的15世紀(jì)的中東人創(chuàng)立的場所，到像伏爾泰、盧梭這樣的著名法國作家來品嘗熱咖啡的18世紀(jì)的巴黎咖啡屋，咖啡館自古以來就是供人們放松、聊天、交流思想的社交中心。(Line2,Para.2)15th-century

和18th-century

為合成形容詞，分別作MiddleEasternestablishments

和Paris

的前置定語。類似的合成形容詞還有：two-year-old

（兩歲大的），three-hour

（三小時的）。

PassageA–CoffeecultureFromthe15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishmentswheremengatheredtolistentomusic,playchess,andhearpeoplereadingfromworksofliterature,tothecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryPariswherefamousFrenchwriterssuchasVoltaireandRousseaucametoenjoyahotcupofcoffee,coffeehouseshavetraditionallyservedascentersofsocialinteraction—placeswherepeoplecancometorelax,chat,andexchangeideas.(Line2,Para.2)句中有三個

where

引導(dǎo)的定語從句，先行詞分別為

the15th-centuryMiddleEasternestablishments，thecoffeehousesofthe18th-centuryParis和

places。PassageA–CoffeecultureThemoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.現(xiàn)代咖啡館是模仿意大利咖啡館而建的，這些意大利咖啡館以賣濃縮咖啡和酥皮點心為主，它們是隨著美國大城市中意大利裔移民聚集區(qū)（如紐約的小意大利和格林尼治村）的建立而出現(xiàn)的。(Line1,Para.3)espresso-

andpastry-centered

其實是espresso-centeredandpastry-centered的省略形式，是名詞+過去分詞構(gòu)成的合成形容詞。本句中的that

引導(dǎo)定語從句，修飾先行詞coffeehouses，在定語從句中作主語。PassageA–CoffeecultureThemoderncoffeeshopismodeledontheespresso-andpastry-centeredItaliancoffeehousesthatarosewiththeestablishmentofItalian-AmericanimmigrantcommunitiesinmajorU.S.citiessuchasNewYorkCity’sLittleItalyandGreenwichVillage.Italian-American:(Line1,Para.3)文中列舉了美國紐約市的兩個意大利裔移民社區(qū)：LittleItaly

（小意大利）和GreenwichVillage

（格林尼治村）。n.theUnitedStatescitizensofItalianancestry意大利裔美國人PassageA–CoffeecultureItwasn’tlongbeforeSeattleandotherpartsofthePacificNorthwestweredevelopingcoffeeshopsaspartofathrivingcounterculturescene.(Line7,Para.3)不久，在西雅圖和太平洋西北部的其他地方也開始出現(xiàn)咖啡館，并成為蓬勃發(fā)展的反正統(tǒng)文化的一部分。句中的before

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。It’snotlongbefore…不久不久，他意識到這個事實。Itwasn’tlongbeforeherealizedthefact.不久我就找到了遺失的錢包。ItwasnotlongbeforeItrackeddownthelostwallet.PassageA–CoffeecultureIthasbecomecommontoseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop.經(jīng)常可以看到人們在星巴克聽音樂或用筆記本上網(wǎng)。句中的

it

是形式主語，真正的主語是toseesomeonesittinginStarbuckslisteningtomusicorsurfingtheWebonalaptop。(Line7,Para.4)sittinginStarbucks

和前面的someone

一起構(gòu)成see

的復(fù)合賓語；而listeningtomusic

和surfingtheWebonalaptop

是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作狀語，表示伴隨。PassageA–CoffeecultureCoffeeshopstodayalsohavetheirunique,easy-to-recognizestyle:woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas,paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting,whichcombinetogivecoffeeshopsthecozyfeelingofahomeawayfromhome.直到今天，咖啡館仍然具有其獨特、易識別的風(fēng)格：木制的家具、舒適的沙發(fā)、墻上的繪畫以及柔和的燈光，所有這些元素給咖啡館營造了一種家一樣的溫暖舒適的氛圍。which

引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，其先行詞為woodenfurnitureandcomfortablesofas，paintingsonwallsandsoftlighting。(Line9,Para.4)PassageA–CoffeecultureDespiteitspopularity,Starbuckshasbeencriticizedbymanyasablood-suckingcorporatemachine,drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices.盡管星巴克深受歡迎，但很多人指責(zé)它是“吸血企業(yè)機器”，用不正當(dāng)?shù)男袨橹率剐⌒涂Х瑞^破產(chǎn)。(Line3,Para.5)criticizesth./sb.as…:批評某事物或某人為……警察批評司機是一個不負(fù)責(zé)任的人。Thepolicemancriticizedthedriverasanirresponsibleperson.drivingsmallercoffeeshopsoutofbusinessthroughunfairpractices是現(xiàn)在分詞短語作原因狀語。PassageA–CoffeecultureInanycase,itseemsprettyclearthatcoffeehasweaveditselfintothefabricofo