2022屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí) 專題練習(xí)9：閱讀理解（人與自然） 閱讀理解（文體藝術(shù)） 七選五練習(xí)

基礎(chǔ)練6:閱讀理解A（人與自然）+閱讀理解B（文學(xué)藝術(shù)）+七選五練習(xí)一閱讀理解主題一人與自然A(2021福建高三模擬)Peopletodayarenotunfamiliarwithtermsuchas"goingeco-friendly"and"sustainablelifestyle".However,thereexistsagroupofsceptics(懷疑論者)whobelievethatgoingeco-friendlyismerelyafad（一時(shí)的風(fēng)尚).Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople.Thelong-termpresenceofenvironmentalorganisationsshowstheeffortsthatpeoplehavemadetowardsgoingeco-friendly.OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades.Anotherstrongindicatoristheemergenceofsustainableproductsinmanyindustries,suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles.Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious(環(huán)保意識(shí)的)businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts.Thisshowsashiftinthebeliefsandattitudesofpeopletowardsadoptingasustainablelifestyle.Thus,itseemsquitecertainthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafad.Whilesomepeoplewhobroadcasttheireco-friendlypracticesarecriticisedforjusthopingtoprojectaneco-consciousimage,thereareanumberofcelebritieswhohavebeenpractisingthezero-wastelifestyleforyears.Forthosewhodosoforyears,andnotmeredaysormonths,itisindeedacommitmentthatcanonlycomewithatruechangeinbeliefsandattitudestowardscaringfortheearth.Thecalltosavetheearthlookssettostay.Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocatinggoinggreen,peoplearemorewillingtochangetheirbeliefsandattitudeswhentheycanlearnaboutandappreciatethepositiveimpactoftheworkofdifferentenvironmentalorganisationsandindividuals.Itishopedthattheseeffectswillgoalongwayinensuringthatourplanetwillremainasuitableplacetolivein.1.WhydoestheauthormentionWorldWildlifeFund?A.Toappreciateitsenvironmentalefforts.B.Toencouragepeopletogoeco-friendly.C.Toevidencetheuniversalrecognitionofgoinggreen.D.Tohighlightthedifficultyinchangingpeople'sattitudes.2.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"emergence"meaninparagraph3?A.Suddendisappearance.B.Sharpincrease.C.Gradualdevelopment.D.Limitedapplication.3.Whatdoestheauthorexpectoftechnologydevelopment?A.Itmaydiscouragepeoplefromsustainablelifestyle.B.Itmayboostthebusinessoforganicproduce.C.·Itwillbeusedtoprojectaneco-consciousimage.D.Itwillpromoteenvironmentalawareness.4.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthistext?A.Toprovegoingeco-friendlyalastingtrend.B.Topopularizetheeco-friendlyproducts.C.Toofferstrategiestogoeco-friendly.D.Toadvertiseforeco-friendlyplatforms.B（上海高三模擬）Formillionsofyears,Arcticseaicehasexpandedandshrunkinarhythmicdancewiththesummersun.Humansevolvedinthisicyworld,andcivilizationreliedonitforclimatic,ecologicalandpoliticalstability.Butnowtheworldcomeseverclosertoafuturewithoutice.TheNationalSnowandIceDataCenterreportedthat2019'sminimumarcticseaiceextentwasthesecondlowestonrecord.Arcticsummerscouldbecomemostlyice-freein30years,andpossiblysoonerifcurrenttrendscontinue.Asthenorthernseaicedeclines,theworldmustunitetopreservewhatremainsoftheArctic.Althoughmostpeoplehaveneverseentheseaice,itseffectsareneverfaraway.Byreflectingsunlight,ArcticiceactsasEarth'sairconditioner.Oncedarkwaterreplacesbrilliantice,Earthcouldwarmsubstantially,equivalenttothewarmingcausedbytheadditionalreleaseofatrilliontonsofcarbondioxide(CO2)intotheatmosphereanddecliningseaicethreatenswildlife,fromthepolarbeartoalgaethatgrowbeneaththeseaice,supportingthelargeamountofmarinelife.Toavoidtheconsequencesthescientificcommunityshouldadvocatenotjustforloweringgreenhousegasemissions,butalsoforprotectingtheArcticfromexploitation.TheAntarcticshowstheway.Inthe1950s,countriesracedtoclaimtheAntarcticcontinentforresourcesandmilitaryinstallations.Enterthescientists.The1957-1958InternationalGeophysicalYearbroughttogetherscientistsfromcompetingcountriestostudyAntarctica,andcountriestemporarilysuspendedtheirterritorialdisputes(爭議).In1959,12countriessignedtheAntarcticTreatytopreservethecontinentforpeacefulscientificdiscoveryratherthanterritorialandmilitarygain.Sixtyyearslater,wemustnowsavetheArctic.AnewMarineArcticPeaceSanctuary(MAPS)TreatywouldprotecttheArcticOceanasascientificpreserveforpeacefulpurposesonly.SimilartoAntarctica,MAPSwouldprohibitresourceexploitation,commercialfishingandshipping,andmilitaryexercises.Sofar,only2non-ArcticcountrieshavesignedMAPS;97moreneedtosignontoenactitintolaw.Scientistscanhelp--justastheydidfortheAntarctic——bygivingstatementsofsupport,askingscientificorganizationstoendorse(支持)thetreaty,communicatingtheimportanceofprotectingthearctictothepublicandpolicy-makers,andaboveall,byconvincingnationalleaderstosignthetreaty.Inparticular,Arcticnationsmustagreethatrecognizingthearcticasaninternationalpreserveisbetterthanfightingoverit.In2018,thesecountriessuccessfullynegotiateda16-yearmoratoriumoncommercialfishingintheArctichighseas,demonstratingthatsuchagreementsarepossible.Humanshaveonlyeverlivedinaworldtoppedbyice.CanwenowworktogethertoprotectArcticecosystems,keepthenorthernpeace,andallowthe:seaicetoreturn?1.Whatcanbeinferredfromthepassage?A.wildlifereliesonseaiceforfoodandwater.B.TheArcticwouldbeice-freein30years.C.Seaiceslowsdowntheglobalwarming.D.ThemeltingofseaicereleasesCO2.2.TheAntarcticismentionedinthepassageinordertoA.remindreadersofthepastoftheAntarcticB.proposeafeasibleapproachfortheArcticC.stresstheimportanceofpreservingseaiceD.recallhowtheAntarcticTreatycameintobeing3.Theword“moratorium”(inparagraph4)isclosestinmeaningtoA.battleB.banC.memoD.protectionWhichofthefollowingmightbethebesttitleofthepassage?A.Antarctic:aSuccessfulComeback?B.SeaIceandGlobalWarmingC.Arctic:theEarth'sFutureD.LifeWithoutIce?主題二——文體藝術(shù)CThePhotographeroftheYearcontest,supportedbycompaniesinvariousfields,isbasedintheUKandattractsworldwidephotographylovers.Thoughthefirstawardwasgivenoutin1965,theofficialcontestdidn'treallystartuntil2015.Withwonderfulpicturesfromthousandsofphotographers,the2020contestrewardeditswinnersinFebruary.Octopus(章魚)TrainingThisphotowastakenbyPasqualeVassalloofItalyandwoninthegroupof“Behavior”.Vassallosaidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccerballfloatingonthesurface.Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene--anoctopushangingfromtheball.Hedidn'tunderstandwhattheoctopuswasdoing,butwonderedifitwastrainingfortheWorldCup.LemonSharkNurseryTakenbyAnitaKainrathoftheBahamas,itshowsyoungsharksswimmingaroundintheprotectionofabeautifulthickforest.Kainrathsaidshespentnearlyanhourstandinginknee-highwaterbeingbittenbymosquitoestogetherpicture,whichwontheUp&ComingPhotographeroftheYear2020award.AngrySeahorseThoughRoomanLucofBelgiumdidn'twinthe“Portrait”category,hisphoto;titled“AngrySeahorse”,isquitestriking.Theclose-upshotofaseahorsestaringintothecamerawasnamedtherunner-up.Mr.Lucsaidthatafterfirsthearingabouttheseahorse,hewentlookingforiteveryweekfortwomonthsbeforefinallyfindingit.LastDawn,LastGaspVassalloalsotooktheprizeinthe“MarineConversation”divisionwithLastDawn,LastGasp,anappropriatelybreathtakingshotofatunafishtappedinanet,strugglinginvaintoescape.Totakethisphoto,Vassallowentdivingwithsomelocalfishermenandfollowedthepathofthefishingnetsfromthebottomtothesurface.1.Whichpictureofthefollowingwastakenbychance?A.AngrySeahorse.B.LemonSharkNursery.C.OctopusTraining.D.LastDawn,LastGasp.2.Whatdothepicturesailfocuson?A.Creaturesunderwater.B.Animalsindanger.C.ProtectionoftheenvironmentD.Lossofbiodiversity3.Whatcanweknowaboutthecontest?A.Itbecamewell-knownin2015.B.Itissponsoredbyphotographylovers.C.ItsprizesareawardedinFebruaryeachyearD.Itsphotosarejudgedincategories.DWe'veallheardthestoriesofanactor'sstrugglesbeforeacareerbreakthrough:livingahardlife,workingparttime,beingacouchpotatobeforegettingthatmajorrole.Shelby,thestarofADog'sWayHome,"hasahard-lucktalethatcouldtopthemall.Beforeherbigbreak,shewaslivinginalandfill,rootingthroughgarbageforhernextmeal.Shelby'sbigbreakcameinApril2017,whenanimal-controlofficerMeganBuhlerwasdrivinginCheathamCounty,Tennessee.Outonanunrelatedcall,Buhlerspottedandapproachedwhatsherecalledwasanoticeablyscaredpuppyemergingfromthedump.Ikneltdownandjustsaid,Oh,comehere,baby,"saidBuhler.Shewassoscared,butshecamerightuptome,andIwasabletoputherinmytruck."Thepairheadedtothecountyanimalshelter,wherethestaffbegancallingthenewresidentBabyGirl.Buhlerandothersdidn'tknowthat3,200kilometersaway,HollywoodwaslookingforadogtoplayBellainafilmwrittenbyCathrynMichon.Thefind--a-BellajobwenttofreelancetrainerTeresaAnnMiller.HermissionwastosearchsheltersnationwideforadogthatcouldplayBella.Oneday,MillerspottedBabyGirl'sadoptionphoto.Honestly,itwasareallygoodpicture,andshewasflat-·outsmiling,"Millersaid.ThenshemetBabyGirl,andassessedheronpersonalityandtheabilitytorespondtosimplecommands.Afterassessment,sheadoptedBabyGirlfromtheshelter,renamedherShelbyandtookhertoCaliforniafortraining.MillerandShelbytrainedforjustoverthreemonthsbeforefilmingbegan.Thentheyweretogethereachdayontheset.Mostofthefilm'sreviewshavepraisedShelby'sperformance.Varietymadethecommentsanamazingdog,perfectperformance!"Shelbyhascomealongwayfromthegarbagedump.ButBuhlersaidwhenshesawShelbyrecentlyshejustneededonlyasecondtocomparethemoviestarwiththedogshefoundfrompilesoftrash.She'sexactlythesame,"Buhlersaid.1.Whydoestheauthormentionanactor'sstrugglebeforeacareerbreakthroughattheverybeginning?A.Toclearlypointoutthemainideaofthepassage.B.Toattractreader'sattentionbygivingdramaticexamples.C.Tointroduceadog'ssimilarbutevenmorestrikingexperiences.D.Tomakeasharpcontrastbetweenanactor'sstruggleandadog'sstruggle.2.WhatfinallyhelpedBabyGirlgetthebigroleinthefilm?A.Heradoptionpicture.B.HerpersonalityandabilityC.Herflat--outsmilingD.Hermiserableexperiences.3.BysayingSheisexactlythesame"inthelastparagraph,BuhlerprobablymeansA.thedoglookedexactlythesameasbeforeB.thedog'sreallyexcitedtolivesuchahappylifeC.thedogreturnedtothepilesoftrashwhereshefounditD.thedramaticchangeofthedog'slifehasn'tchangedherinnerquality4.Whatdoyouthinkmayserveasthebesttitleofthepassage?A.TheTrainerandHerStarDogB.Shelby'sHard-luckStoryC.FromaLandfillPuppytoaMovieStarD.TheSuccessofADog'sWayHome"二、七選五閱讀What'sthepurposeofbuildingpatienceabilities?Inaword,happiness.Betterrelationships,moresuccess.Butindeedittakeseffortstobuildthemsuccessfully._______Thus,whenthebigonescome,wewillhavedevelopedthepatienceweneedforhardtimes.Understandtheaddictivenatureofangerandimpatience.We,humanbeings,arestillconstructedwithouroldreptilian(爬行)brainthatprotectsourphysicalandemotionalsurvival.Ontheemotionalsurvivalside,wewantourwaytogetahead,toachieve,andto"lookgood".Let'sjustfaceit.____2___Sothefirststepingrowingpatienceistogetintouchwiththeaddictivequalityoftheoppositeofpatience-anger,impatience,blamingandshaming.Weallhavethem.Andwecangrowbeyondthem.Upgradeourattitudetowardsdiscomfortandpain.Painhasitspurposesandpushesustofindsolutions--wetrytochangetheotherperson,situationorthingthatwethinkiscausingourdiscomfort.Buttheproblemisthatitisnottheoutsidethingthat'sthesourceofourpain,buthowourmindisset.____3____.Payattentionwhentheimpatienceorpainstarts.Mostofusdon'treallyrealizeitwhenwearefeelingeventhesmallest-butverypresent--painfulfeelings.____4___Buttoreallycareforourselves,getcuriousaboutwhat'sactuallyhappeningatthemomentinsideyou.Focusingonwhat'sactuallyhappening,youcannoticetheworryofnotwantingwhat'shappening,theresistance._____5___Whenyoufindyourselfimpatient,orangrywithyourself,youcanremindyourselfthatyouaregrowing,andthat,"Sure,thisisunderstandable;thisiswhathappenstomewhenI'mbothered."Youcansaytoyourself,"It'strue.Idon'tlikethis;thisisuncomfortable,butIcantolerateit.'A.Practicepositiveself-talk.B.Sothesolutiontopainisaninsidejob.C.Patienceabilitiesbenefityouinmanyways.D.Learntoforgiveyourselfforbeingimpatientinhardtimes.E.Weignorethefactthatwe'reinpainandfocuscompletelyonfixingtheproblem.F.Theurgetoprotectourselvesandwhatweconsidervaluableisabsolutelyhabit-forming.G.Effectivewaysarerecommendedtotrainourselvestoworkwithittlepainsandannoyances.【答案】A篇【語篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。今天的人們對環(huán)保”和'可持續(xù)生活方式”等術(shù)語并不陌生。然而,也有一些懷疑論者認(rèn)為環(huán)保只是一種時(shí)尚.作者不同意這種觀點(diǎn),作者認(rèn)為環(huán)保不僅僅是一種時(shí)尚,它確實(shí)改變了人們的信仰和態(tài)度。環(huán)保是-種持久的趨勢。[小題1]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段"OrganisationssuchasWorldWildlifeFundadvocatepeopletogoeco-friendly.Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades."由此判斷出,作者提到世界野生動(dòng)物基金會(huì)是為了證明環(huán)保的普遍被認(rèn)可。故選C項(xiàng)。[小題2]詞句猜測題。根據(jù)"suchasorganicproduceandelectricvehicles."(如有機(jī)產(chǎn)品和電動(dòng)汽車)根據(jù)'Theconsumerdemand,coupledwitheco-conscious(環(huán)保意識(shí)的)businesses,isbehindthesharpincreaseinsuchproducts."由此判斷出,另-一個(gè)強(qiáng)有力的指標(biāo)是許多行業(yè)急劇增加了可持續(xù)產(chǎn)品。由此判斷出劃線詞的意思是急劇增加"。故選B項(xiàng)。[小題3]推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段"Withthedevelopmentoftechnologyandtheappearanceofmanyplatformsadvocating......organisationsandindividuals."(由此判斷出,作者對技術(shù)發(fā)展的期望是它會(huì)促進(jìn)環(huán)保意識(shí)。故選D項(xiàng)。[小題4]推理判斷題。通讀全文尤其是根據(jù)第一段"Idisagreewiththisviewpoint,Goingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadanditdoes,infact,changethebeliefsandattitudesofpeople."(根據(jù)第二段"Thehighinvolvementoftheorganisationsandtheparticipantsisthusastrongindicatorthatgoingeco-friendlyisnotmerelyafadbutatrendthatcanlastdecades"以及下文從不同的角度證明了環(huán)保是一種持久的趨勢。由此判斷出作者寫此短文的目的是證明環(huán)保是一種持久的趨勢。故選A項(xiàng)。B篇【語篇解讀】這是-一篇說明文。文章主要講述了北極的海冰在不斷減少,如果不加以保護(hù),未來將會(huì)出現(xiàn)基本無冰的現(xiàn)象,并指出了海冰的影響以及各國達(dá)成一致努力保護(hù)海冰。[小題1]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中"Byreflectingsunlight,ArcticiceactsasEarth'sairconditioner.(通過反射陽光,北極冰起到了地球空調(diào)的作用)”可知，海冰減緩了全球變暖。故選C項(xiàng)。[小題2]推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中"Toavoidtheconsequencesthescientificcommunityshouldadvocatenotjustforloweringgreenhousegasemissions,butalsoforprotectingtheArcticfromexploitation.TheAntarcticshowstheway.(為了避免這種后果，科學(xué)界不僅應(yīng)該提倡降低溫室氣體排放,還應(yīng)該提倡保護(hù)北極不被開發(fā)。南極就展示了這種辦法)”可知,文中提到南極是為了展示一種保護(hù)北極可以效仿的方式。故選B項(xiàng)。[小題3]詞義猜測題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中"In2018,thesecountriessuccessfullynegotiateda16-yearmoratoriumoncommercialfishingintheArctichighseas,demonstratingthatsuchagreementsarepossible.(2018年，些國家通過談判成功達(dá)成了在北極公海商業(yè)捕魚16年的協(xié)議,證明了此類協(xié)議是可能的)"由談判成功,可知這些國家達(dá)成了在北極公海停止商業(yè)捕魚16年的協(xié)議,moratorium意為"停止,禁止",與ban意思最為接近。故選B項(xiàng)。[小題4]主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段中"Butnowtheworldcomeseverclosertoafuturewithoutice.TheNationalSnowandIceDataCenter....Arctic.(和最后一段中°CanwenowworktogethertoprotectArcticecosystems,keepthenorthernpeace,andallowtheseaicetoreturn?可知,本文主要講述了北極的海冰在不斷減少,如果不加以保護(hù),未來將會(huì)出現(xiàn)基本無冰的現(xiàn)象,并指出了海冰的影響以及各國達(dá)成一致努力保護(hù)海冰,因此本文的最佳標(biāo)題選項(xiàng)D"沒有冰的生活?"符合題意。故選D項(xiàng)。C篇【語篇解讀】這是一篇說明文。文章主要是對參加”年度最佳攝影師大賽的幾張照片的介紹。[小題1]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Vassallosaidwhenhecameupafteradive,henoticedasoccerballfloatingonthesurface.Whenhecheckeditout,hewitnessedararescene--anoctopushangingfromtheball.可知，章魚吊在球上是一一個(gè)罕見的場景,所以它是被偶然拍到的。故選C。[小題2]細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)前三個(gè)黑體字標(biāo)題"Octopus(章魚)Training(章魚訓(xùn)練)”、"LemonSharkNursery(檸檬鯊苗圃)""AngrySeahorse(憤怒的海馬)"以及最后一-段第一句話"Vassalloalsotooktheprizeinthe"MarineConversation"divisionwithLastDawn,LastGasp,anappropriatelybreathtakingshotofatunafishtappedinanet,strug