專題06 閱讀理解新聞報道10篇+議論文10篇(模考好題20篇)(教師解析版)

專題06閱讀理解新聞報道10篇+議論文10篇(模考好題20篇)一、概述1.新聞報道題目設(shè)置靈活多樣，通常以細(xì)節(jié)理解題為主，推理判斷題為輔，兼顧猜測詞義、句意題及目的意圖題和主旨大意題。標(biāo)題是對新聞報道中心思想所作的高度而又精辟的概括，是命題者考慮設(shè)題的重點(diǎn)。(1)考查新聞事件的六要素，題型主要為細(xì)節(jié)題。(2)考查對新聞事件的觀點(diǎn)，題型主要為觀點(diǎn)推斷題。(3)考查語篇銜接，推斷某一特定詞或者短語的指代內(nèi)容，題型主要為指代、推斷題。(4)概括主旨，題型主要為主題歸納題。2.議論文議論文是一種剖析事物、論述事理、發(fā)表見解或提出主張的說理性文章，主要是就某一主題，在擺出正反兩方面觀點(diǎn)的基礎(chǔ)上，通過論證、推理、辯論等手段，試圖讓讀者最終接受作者對這一主題的某種觀點(diǎn)。議論文都是由論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)和論證這三個要素構(gòu)成的，這也是一個提出問題—分析問題—解決問題的過程。

它的語言自然、客觀、抽象、概括。二、技巧點(diǎn)撥1.新聞報道:知事抓導(dǎo)語。導(dǎo)語位于新聞報道的首段，高度概括新聞事實，5W(When，Where,Who，What，Why)包括其中。因此，抓導(dǎo)語便對新聞事件有了大體把握，對做閱讀理解試題而言就是抓住了“牛鼻子”。欲知詳情，讀新聞背景和主體。新聞背景交待新聞事實的起因，主體則對導(dǎo)語概括的新聞事實進(jìn)行詳細(xì)敘述。探求結(jié)果到結(jié)尾。結(jié)尾往往是新聞事件的結(jié)果或動態(tài)展望，也是中心思想的概括并常常與新聞導(dǎo)語相呼應(yīng)，命題者也樂于在此設(shè)題。2.議論文(1)把握首段和首句完整的信息，把握全文的主旨大意(2)把握作者的觀點(diǎn)和態(tài)度議論文往往體現(xiàn)作者對某一事物的觀點(diǎn)，而作者的觀點(diǎn)就是文章的論點(diǎn)?？忌盐兆髡叩挠^點(diǎn)，把握作者對某一事物是褒還是貶，是贊成還是反對，而通常把握了作者的觀點(diǎn)也就找準(zhǔn)了文章的論點(diǎn)。(3)結(jié)合論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)，找出正確選項一般說來，能說明論據(jù)主要內(nèi)容的答案可以在論點(diǎn)里得到印證，而論點(diǎn)里的某些答案也可以與論據(jù)有機(jī)地結(jié)合起來，使論點(diǎn)、論據(jù)形成相輔相成的關(guān)系，因而整個文章上下一致。如果我們所選的答案前后矛盾，論據(jù)與論點(diǎn)相反，最后的結(jié)論與論點(diǎn)相矛盾，那么我們就要重新回過頭來理順文章的各個部分，直到清楚為止，這樣才能選出正確答案。(4)通篇閱讀，圍繞主題(論點(diǎn))推敲有疑問的題目，并最終確定答案。逐題按照文章的內(nèi)容及語境選擇完畢后，一篇完整的文章便呈現(xiàn)出來，此時，要注意一定要通讀全文，以驗證個別題目的答案是否與主題偏離，以求更高的準(zhǔn)確度。模擬演練01新聞報道Passage1(2024屆江蘇省蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市高三下學(xué)期二模)Deforestatio--byclear-cuttingorwildfires--hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlaborinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.BryceJonesknowshowharditistoreplantforests.Forfourmonthsin2013,heworkedasatreeplanterthroughoutCanada.“There’snotechnologythere,”hesays.“Theonlywayyoucanaccomplishreforestationisthroughtheair.”Butitwasn’tuntil2019thathehitontheonethathethoughthadpotential:usedrones(無人機(jī))tofirespeciallydesignedseedpods(莢)intotheground-at10timesthenormaltemperatureandcosting20percentlessthantraditionalmethods.HeproposedtheideatohisbrotherandFlashForcerwasborn.Hisfirstgoalwastoplantabilliontreesby2025.Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thecompanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflighttake15to20minutes.FlashForcer’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtosurvivesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpost-burnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.Therearechallengeseveryday,Jonessays,astheyworktoimprovetheengineering,hardware,softwareandseed-podrecipes.Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate--thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.“Thatwassomethingthatwastotallyoutofourcontrol,”hesays.Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForcerisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthecompanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.1.Whatdoestheauthorintendtotellusinparagraph1?A.Thebenefitsofreforestation.B.ThepowerofAImachines.C.Thewayofputtingoutwildfires.D.Thenecessityofusingnewplantingmethods.2.WhatcontributestotheparticularappealofFlashForest?A.Itsdroneoperators. B.Thefrequentflights.C.Itsseedpod. D.Thelowcostofseedlings.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“that”inparagraph4referto?A.Extremeweather. B.Dronetechnology.C.3Dequipment. D.Computersoftware.4.WhatcanweinferaboutFlashForestfromthelastparagraph?A.Itchangeditsfocusinthepast.B.Itwillachieveitsfinaltargetin2025.C.Itmightbeavailableworldwideoneday.D.Ithasreplacedtraditionalformsofreforestation.【答案】1.D2.C3.A4.C【導(dǎo)語】本文是新聞報道。這篇文章主要報道了一項新的科技應(yīng)用——使用無人機(jī)進(jìn)行森林再造。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Deforestatio——byclear-cuttingorwildfires——hasmassiveconsequencesbothonclimateandhealth.ButleavingreforestationtoMotherNaturecantakedecades,particularlyasdisastrouswildfiresareincreasinginfrequencyandintensity.Andthetime,costandlaborinvolvedmakestraditionalmethodsoftreeplantingnotaspracticalastheyoncewere.(森林砍伐——通過砍伐樹木或野火——對氣候和健康都有巨大的影響。但是，把重新造林交給大自然可能需要幾十年的時間，尤其是在災(zāi)難性的野火頻率和強(qiáng)度都在增加的情況下。而且所涉及的時間、成本和勞動力使得傳統(tǒng)的植樹方法不像以前那么實用了)”可知，作者在第一段想告訴我們用傳統(tǒng)的種樹方法也不切實際，意思就是我們需要更新更先進(jìn)的種樹方法，也就是采用新的種植方法的必要性。故選D項。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第三段“Theteamtookoutaloan,boughtadroneandused3DprintersatJones’sschooltomakecastsofthepods.Now,onlytwoandahalfyearslater,thecompanyhasagroupofdroneswitheachabletocarryseveralthousandpodsperflight.Threeoperatorsworkinafield,controllingfivedrones,whoseflighttake15to20minutes.FlashForcer’sbigdrawisitsseedpod,whichcontainseverythingseedlings(幼苗)needtosurvivesurvival.Anditstechnologyallowsthemtoreachpost-burnsitesorremoteareasthataredifficultfortraditionaltreeplanting.(該團(tuán)隊貸款，購買了一架無人機(jī)，并在瓊斯的學(xué)校使用3D打印機(jī)制作了豆莢的模型?，F(xiàn)在，僅僅兩年半之后，該公司就擁有了一組無人機(jī)，每架無人機(jī)每次飛行都能攜帶數(shù)千個吊艙。三名操作員在一個現(xiàn)場工作，控制五架無人機(jī)，飛行時間為15到20分鐘。FlashForcer最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢，里面包含了幼苗生存所需的一切。它的技術(shù)使它們能夠到達(dá)燃燒后的地點(diǎn)或傳統(tǒng)植樹難以到達(dá)的偏遠(yuǎn)地區(qū)。)”可知，F(xiàn)lashForcer最大的吸引力在于它的種子莢。故選C項。3.詞句猜測題。that為代詞，應(yīng)是代指前文提到的事物，根據(jù)前文“Thentherearethechallengespresentedbytheclimate——thisyear,recordtemperatures,recordwildfiresanddrought.(然后是氣候帶來的挑戰(zhàn)——今年，創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的氣溫、創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄的野火和干旱。)”可知，that代指應(yīng)是前文提到的極端天氣。故選A項。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段“Unlikesometraditionalformsofreforestation,FlashForcerisfocusedonbiodiversity.ForJones,thetargetofplantingabilliontreesby2025isjustthebeginning.“Ihaveadreamthatthecompanywillplantonsixcontinents——everywherewhereourtechnologyisneeded,”hesays.(與一些傳統(tǒng)形式的再造林不同，F(xiàn)lashForcer專注于生物多樣性。對瓊斯來說，到2025年種植10億棵樹的目標(biāo)僅僅是個開始。他說：“我有一個夢想，公司將在六大洲——任何需要我們技術(shù)的地方——建廠?！?”可知，從本段可推斷也許FlashForest以后會推廣至全世界。故選C項。Passage2(2024·河北滄州·一模)Supermarkets,conservationistsandfarminggroupshaveshowntheirconcernsaboutpollutionoftheWye,oneoftheUK’slongestrivers.“ThepollutionpressuresupontheWyeareunacceptableandtherewasstrongenthusiasmforcooperativeactiontoresolvetheproblem.”saidCraigBennett,headoftheWildlifeTrusts.Thepollutionreferredlargelytorunoffofthenutrient-richwastematterproducedbythe20million-pluschickensneartheriver.Bennettsaid:“Wediscussedhow,iftheWyewereaschoolorahospital,wewouldbecallingforittobeplacedinto‘specialmeasures’.Weagreedthesamelevelofurgencymustbeapplied.”IncreasingconcernledthelocalgovernmenttoholdadiscussioninMay,whentheypromisedtopublishaplanfortheWyebytheautumn.However,thelocalgovernment’spushontheriverwasmarredinJunewhentheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairspublishedaWyevideoshowingseaotters(海獺)ratherthantheriver’slocalEuropeanotters.ThepollutionoftheWyewasnotmentionedatall.InJulyBennetthostedaWyeroundtableinPowys,Wales,bringingtogetherlocalgroups,theEnvironmentAgency,thechickenproduceAvaraFoodsr,regionalbranchesoftheNationalFarmersUnionandlocalauthorities.Theyagreedonaplanthatincludedcuttingthenutrientpollution“throughareductioninanimalnumbers”andothermeasures.BennettalsowrotetoJulieJames,theWelshClimateChangeMinister,whosaid,“IshareyourconcernforthehealthoftheRiverWyeandotherWelshrivers.”Asupermarketchainsaidtheyarecommittedtoprotectingtheriverandengagingwiththeirchickensupplierstotacklewaterpollution.Theyhavedetailedmanagementplanstomakesuretheirsuppliersarefarmingwithcarefortheenvironment.Agovernmentspokesmansaid:“Weareofferingawiderangeofsupporttofarmerstospeeduptheirtransitiontomoresustainablepracticesandhelpprotectthisimportantsite.”1.WhydoesBennettcomparetheWyewithaschoolorahospital?A.Tocallforurgentmeasures. B.Tostresstheimpactsoftheriver.C.Toshowtheimportanceoftheriver. D.Tourgepeopletoprotecttheenvironment.2.Whatistheprobablemeaningoftheunderlinedword“marred”inParagraph4?A.Destroyed. B.Boosted C.Perfected. D.Emphasized.3.Whatisagreedonattheroundtable?A.Makingacarefulplan. B.Reducinganimalnumbers.C.Arousingpeople’sawareness. D.Askingthegovernmentformoney.4.Whatcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.SeaOttersAreunderAttackforPossiblePollutionB.CooperatedEffortsAreMadetoProtecttheWyeC.PeopleAreHavingMoreEnvironmentalAwarenessD.MoreMeasuresShouldBeTakentoPreventAirPollution【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.B【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了英國瓦伊河污染得到重視并準(zhǔn)備治理的消息。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段“Bennettsaid:“Wediscussedhow,iftheWyewereaschoolorahospital,wewouldbecallingforittobeplacedinto‘specialmeasures’.Weagreedthesamelevelofurgencymustbeapplied.”(Bennett說：“我們討論過，如果懷伊是一所學(xué)?；蜥t(yī)院，我們將如何要求將其置于‘特殊措施’之中。我們一致認(rèn)為，必須采取同樣的緊急措施?！?”可推知，Bennett覺得應(yīng)該把瓦伊河的污染看作和學(xué)校或醫(yī)院受到污染一樣重要，必須采取同樣程度的緊急措施。故選A。2.詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后文“inJunewhentheDepartmentforEnvironment,FoodandRuralAffairspublishedaWyevideoshowingseaotters(海獺)ratherthantheriver’slocalEuropeanotters(當(dāng)時環(huán)境、食品和農(nóng)村事務(wù)部公布了一段懷伊的視頻，視頻中顯示的是海獺，而不是這條河上當(dāng)?shù)氐臍W洲水獺)”可知，海獺事件的出現(xiàn)使得政府解決瓦伊河污染的推進(jìn)工作受到了阻礙。故劃線詞意思是“破壞”。故選A。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段“Theyagreedonaplanthatincludedcuttingthenutrientpollution“throughareductioninanimalnumbers”andothermeasures.(他們達(dá)成了一項計劃，包括“通過減少動物數(shù)量”和其他措施來減少營養(yǎng)污染)”可知，在圓桌會議上達(dá)成了減少動物數(shù)量的協(xié)議。故選B。4.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第一段“Supermarkets,conservationistsandfarminggroupshaveshowntheirconcernsaboutpollutionoftheWye,oneoftheUK’slongestrivers.“ThepollutionpressuresupontheWyeareunacceptableandtherewasstrongenthusiasmforcooperativeactiontoresolvetheproblem.”saidCraigBennett,headoftheWildlifeTrusts.(超市、自然資源保護(hù)主義者和農(nóng)業(yè)組織對英國最長的河流之一懷伊河的污染表示擔(dān)憂?！皯岩梁拥奈廴緣毫κ遣豢山邮艿?，大家都非常希望采取合作行動來解決問題。野生動物信托基金會負(fù)責(zé)人克雷格·貝內(nèi)特說)”結(jié)合文章報道了英國瓦伊河遭到污染，政府以及連鎖店積極想辦法進(jìn)行治理的事情，因此判斷B項“共同努力保護(hù)河流”可以作為最佳標(biāo)題。故選B。Passage3(2024·浙江嘉興·二模)Meatcultivated(培植)fromcells—withnoneedtoraiseandkillanimals—isnowareality.Theprocessofcultivatingmeatusesthebasicelementsneededtobuildmuscleandfatandenablesthesamebiologicalprocessthathappensinsideananimal.Cultivatedmeatisidenticaltoconventionalmeatatthecellularlevel.Butcanitbemadecheaplyenoughtoreplaceanimalagriculture?Morethan150startupsarepursuinganambitiousgoal:meatthatdoesn’trequireraisingandkillinganimalsandthatisaffordableandtastesandfeelslikethemeatweeatnow.Theyarepartofayoungindustryaimingtousecellbiologytoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheworld’sever-increasingdemandformeatandchangeglobalproteinproductionthewayelectriccarsareshakinguptheautoindustry.“Weareaddictedtomeatasaspecies.It’spartofourculture,”saidBelieverfounderYaakovNahmias.But“wethoughtaboutquantityratherthantheenvironment,ratherthansustainability.”Althoughtherearedozensofcompaniesmakingthismeat,nonehaveyetreachedcommercial-levelproductionintermsofscaleorcost.Fromcelllinedevelopmenttobio-processordesign,thereareanumberofscientificchallengestomeetbeforecultivatedmeatiswidelyavailableatthemarket.Governmentpolicyisanotherchallenge.OnlySingaporeandtheU.S.allowsalesofcultivatedmeat.Andwhilemanypeoplewhohavetrieditsaytheylikeit,othersfindtheideadistasteful.ArecentsurveyfromTheAssociatedPress-NORCCenterforPublicAffairsResearchfoundthathalfofU.S.adultswouldbeunlikelytotryit.Whentheywereaskedwhy,abouthalfsaidtheydidn’tthinkitwouldbesafe.EvenNahmias’10-year-oldsonOrensaidhewouldonlyeattraditionalmeat.“Ifeelbad”fortheanimals,hesaid,“buttheyareyummy!”“Untilthismeatcostsandtastesthesameastraditionalmeat,itwillremainaspecializedproduct,”saidBruceFriedrich,presidentoftheGoodFoodInstitute.1.Whydoesthewriteraskaquestioninthefirstparagraph?A.Toindicateanopinion. B.Topresentaworry.C.Tomakeanassumption. D.Tostartadiscussion.2.Whatdoesthecultivatedmeatindustryaimtodo?A.Studycellbiology. B.Providesustainableprotein.C.Endworldhunger. D.Helpthetraditionalfoodindustry.3.Whatcanweinferaboutcultivatedmeat?A.Itisunripeformassproduction. B.Itisaspopularastraditionalmeat.C.Itissaferthantraditionalmeat. D.Itiscompetitiveinpriceandquantity.4.WhatisBruceFriedrich’sattitudetothefutureofcultivatedmeat?A.Enthusiastic. B.Dismissive. C.Unclear. D.Reserved.【答案】1.D2.B3.A4.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了用細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的肉的發(fā)展和人們的看法。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段“Meatcultivated(培植)fromcells—withnoneedtoraiseandkillanimals—isnowareality.Theprocessofcultivatingmeatusesthebasicelementsneededtobuildmuscleandfatandenablesthesamebiologicalprocessthathappensinsideananimal.Cultivatedmeatisidenticaltoconventionalmeatatthecellularlevel.Butcanitbemadecheaplyenoughtoreplaceanimalagriculture?(用細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)的肉——不需要飼養(yǎng)和殺死動物——現(xiàn)在已經(jīng)成為現(xiàn)實。培育肉類的過程使用了建立肌肉和脂肪所需的基本元素，并實現(xiàn)了與動物體內(nèi)相同的生物過程。栽培肉在細(xì)胞水平上與傳統(tǒng)肉相同。但是，它能以足夠低的成本取代畜牧業(yè)嗎？)”可知，作者在第一段提出問題是要發(fā)出一個關(guān)于培植肉是否能以足夠低的成本取代畜牧業(yè)這個話題的討論。故選D。2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Theyarepartofayoungindustryaimingtousecellbiologytoreducetheenvironmentalimpactoftheworld’sever-increasingdemandformeatandchangeglobalproteinproductionthewayelectriccarsareshakinguptheautoindustry.(它們是一個年輕行業(yè)的一部分，該行業(yè)旨在利用細(xì)胞生物學(xué)來減少世界對肉類日益增長的需求對環(huán)境的影響，并改變?nèi)虻鞍踪|(zhì)生產(chǎn)，就像電動汽車正在撼動汽車行業(yè)一樣)”可知，培植肉類行業(yè)的目標(biāo)是提供可持續(xù)的蛋白質(zhì)。故選B。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“thereareanumberofscientificchallengestomeetbeforecultivatedmeatiswidelyavailableatthemarket.(從細(xì)胞系開發(fā)到生物處理器設(shè)計，在培植肉在市場上廣泛上市之前，需要應(yīng)對許多科學(xué)挑戰(zhàn))”可知，大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)培植肉類還未成熟。故選A。4.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段““Untilthismeatcostsandtastesthesameastraditionalmeat,itwillremainaspecializedproduct,”saidBruceFriedrich,presidentoftheGoodFoodInstitute.(美食研究所所長布魯斯·弗里德里希說：“在這種肉的價格和味道與傳統(tǒng)肉相同之前，它將一直是一種專業(yè)產(chǎn)品。”)”可知，布魯斯·弗里德里希對培植肉持有保守的態(tài)度。故選D。Passage4(2024·江蘇南通·模擬預(yù)測)GuangdongDongpoPaper,apapercompanyinGuangdongProvince,China,recentlymadeinternationalheadlinesforreplacingitstraditionalperformance-basedemployeebonusschemewithanotherone.Topromoteahealthylifestyleamongits100employees,managementdecidedtorewardthembasedonhowmuchtheyexercise.Forexample,anemployeewillbeeligibleforafullmonthlybonusiftheyrun50kmamonth.Theywillget60percentofthebonusforrunning40km,and30percentfor30km.Runningenthusiastsmaystandtogetuptoan30%bonusiftheycanprovetheyranover100kminasinglemonth.“Mybusinesscanonlyendureifmyemployeesarehealthy,”saidDongpoPaperboss,LinZhiyong,addingthathespentthelastthreeyearsencouraginghisemployeestoenjoysportsandfitness.Thedistancerunbyeveryemployeeistrackedbyanappontheirphones,whichalsotakesintoaccountactivitieslikemountainhikingandspeedwalking,whichcanaccountfor60and30percentrespectivelyofthetotalexerciserequired.Theprogramhasprovenagreatsuccess,andLinZhiyonghimselfsomewhatofanexerciseenthusiast,claimsthatallemployeesqualifytogetthefullbonus.AccordingtoChinesemedia,DongpoPaperemployeescouldn’tbehappierwiththenewbonusstructure,claimingthatthecompanynowallowsthemto“killtwobirdswithonestone”asthey“cangetbothhealthandmoney.”Butwhilethenewpolicyhasbeengettinggenerallypositivefeedbackonline,somenetizensitcanleadtodiscrimination.“Theintentionofthecompany’spolicyisgoodbutitshouldtakeintoconsiderationanyexistinghealthissuesamongitsemployees,”onepersoncommentedonline,askingwhatthepolicyisforemployeeswhoareatriskofheartattacksorareotherwiseunabletomeetthebonusrequirements.OthersaccusedGuangdongDongpoPaperofputtingitsemployees’healthatriskbysettingveryhighbonusthresholdsforthem.Somenetizensbelievethatemployeescouldruintheirkneesbychasingthesegoals.1.WhydoestheschemeofGuangdongDongpoPaperbecomeahit?A.Itfavorsthosewhoran30kmmost. B.Itdefineswhatahealthylifestyleis.C.Itisbasedonathleticperformances. D.Itistopromoteatraditionallifestyle.2.WhatmayLinZhiyongagreewith?A.Whenworkisapleasure,lifeisjoy.B.Constantdrippingwearsawayastone.C.Don’ttroubletroubleuntiltroubletroublesyou.D.Thehealthofemployeesisthewealthofemployers.3.What’sDongpoPaperemployee’sresponsetowardsthisscheme?A.Cautious. B.Positive.C.Concerned. D.Negative.4.WhatisthemajorconcernontheInternet?A.Theemployee’sphysicalconditions. B.Theimpracticalbonusrequirements.C.Theslimchanceofchasingthegoals. D.Theriskofdevelopingheartdiseases.【答案】1.C2.D3.B4.A【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞稿。文章主要講述中國廣東省的一家紙業(yè)公司廣東東坡紙業(yè)最近因用基于運(yùn)動的員工獎金計劃取代傳統(tǒng)的基于績效的員工獎金方案而登上國際頭條。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第一段“Topromoteahealthylifestyleamongits100employees,managementdecidedtorewardthembasedonhowmuchtheyexercise.Forexample,anemployeewillbeeligibleforafullmonthlybonusiftheyrun50kmamonth.Theywillget60percentofthebonusforrunning40km,and30percentfor30km.Runningenthusiastsmaystandtogetuptoan30%bonusiftheycanprovetheyranover100kminasinglemonth.(為了在100名員工中推廣健康的生活方式，管理層決定根據(jù)他們的運(yùn)動量來獎勵他們。例如，如果員工每月跑50公里，則有資格獲得全額月度獎金。他們跑40公里將獲得60%的獎金，跑30公里將獲得30%的獎金。如果跑步愛好者能夠證明自己在一個月內(nèi)跑了100多公里，他們可能會獲得高達(dá)30%的獎金。)”可知，廣東東坡紙的員工獎金方案之所以成為熱門，是因為它是以運(yùn)動表現(xiàn)為基礎(chǔ)而制定的。故選C項。2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段“Mybusinesscanonlyendureifmyemployeesarehealthy,(只有我的員工身體健康，我的業(yè)務(wù)才能持續(xù)下去，)”可知，LinZhiyong認(rèn)為只有健康的員工，公司才會有更好的業(yè)績，所以D項Thehealthofemployeesisthewealthofemployers.(雇員的健康是雇主的財富。)符合文意。故選D項。3.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章第四段“AccordingtoChinesemedia,DongpoPaperemployeescouldn’tbehappierwiththenewbonusstructure,claimingthatthecompanynowallowsthemto‘killtwobirdswithonestone’asthey’cangetbothhealthandmoney.’(據(jù)中國媒體報道，東坡紙業(yè)的員工對新的獎金結(jié)構(gòu)非常滿意，他們聲稱公司現(xiàn)在允許他們‘一舉兩得’，因為他們‘既能得到健康，又能得到金錢’)”可知，東坡紙業(yè)員工對此方案的反應(yīng)是積極的。故選B項。4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。由文章最后一段“OthersaccusedGuangdongDongpoPaperofputtingitsemployees’healthatriskbysettingveryhighbonusthresholdsforthem.Somenetizensbelievethatemployeescouldruintheirkneesbychasingthesegoals.(其他人則指責(zé)廣東東坡紙業(yè)為員工設(shè)定了非常高的獎金門檻，從而危及員工的健康。一些網(wǎng)民認(rèn)為，員工追逐這些目標(biāo)可能會毀了他們的膝蓋。)”可知，互聯(lián)網(wǎng)上反對該方案的網(wǎng)民主要擔(dān)心的是員工的身體健康狀況。故選A項。Passage5(2024·江蘇泰州·一模)NormanLear,ageniusproducerandscreenwriter,passedawayonTuesdayinLosAngelesattheageof101.“Lear’shitcomedyshowschangedtelevisionforever,”saidDarnelHunt,aleadingartistonTV.LeargrewupinanordinaryfamilyinConnecticut,whereanunexpectedaccidentbroughtabouthisfather’sbusinesscollapse.Sohehadtodropoutofcollegeandjoinedthearmy.Inhislate20s,hemovedtoLosAngeleswherehestruggledhardforseveralyears,sellingfurnituredoortodoor.Lateron,unsatisfiedwithhislife,heeventuallyturnedtowritingforanightclubcomedyact.By1971,whenhewasalmost50,Learhadproducedanddirectedsomeshows,amongwhichwasthehitshowAllintheFamily.Inthebeginning,itdidn’tgetontheairsmoothly.However,onceitdid,thisshowmadeittothetop10foreightofitsnineseasons,promisingLear’slifewastochange.ThissuccessfulshowwasjustthebeginningofLear’sdominatingpositionincomedyshows.ThencameTheJeffersons,aboutafamilyonitswayup.Itranforelevenseasons,oneofthelongestrunningcomedyshowsontelevision,becominganothersuccessfulstory.Wheninterviewedaboutthehitofhisshows,Learsaid,“Ourteamreadtwoorthreenewspapersaday,paidalotofattentiontoourfamilies,andcameintotalkabouteverythingthatwasaffectingusinourdailylives.”Therefore,itcameasnosurprisethatviewershadasenseofLear’sownfamilyafterwatchingAllintheFamily.“Routinely,Lear’sshowsmightgetfiftyorsixtymillionviewers.Hewasindirectcontactwiththelivingroomsandfamiliesofthecountry,”saysMartyKaplan,foundingdirectoroftheNormanLearCenter.“Leardideverythingwithhumorandsympathy.”1.WhatcanwelearnaboutLearfromthefirsttwoparagraphs?A.Heledachallenginglifeinhistwenties.B.Hisshowshadlittleimpactontelevision.C.Hisfatherexpectedhimtobeascreenwriter.D.Hereceivedgoodeducationdespitehisfather’sbusinessfailure.2.WhichfactormaycontributetothesuccessofLear’sshows?A.Hisshowsreflectedrealdailylife. B.Hisshowsfeaturedsurpriseendings.C.Hisshowsgoontheairimmediately. D.Hisshowsdominatedthecomedyindustry.3.WhatcanweinferfromMartyKaplan’swordsinthelastparagraph?A.Learpromotedhisshowstofamiliesdirectly.B.Learwonwidespreadpopularityforhisshows.C.Learcarriedoutface-to-faceinteractionswithviewers.D.Learalwaysfocusesonthethemesofhumorandsympathy.4.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Acomedyscript. B.Astorycollection.C.Aliteraturereview. D.Anewsreport.【答案】1.A2.A3.B4.D【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了天才制片人和編劇NormanLear去世的消息，并回顧了他的生平，介紹了他創(chuàng)作的喜劇所取得的巨大成功。1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“LeargrewupinanordinaryfamilyinConnecticut,whereanunexpectedaccidentbroughtabouthisfather’sbusinesscollapse.Sohehadtodropoutofcollegeandjoinedthearmy.Inhislate20s,hemovedtoLosAngeleswherehestruggledhardforseveralyears,sellingfurnituredoortodoor.(Lear在康涅狄格州的一個普通家庭長大，一場意外事故導(dǎo)致他父親的生意破產(chǎn)。所以他不得不從大學(xué)退學(xué)去參軍。在他快三十歲的時候，他搬到了洛杉磯，在那里他努力奮斗了幾年，挨家挨戶地賣家具)”可知，Lear成長于普通家庭，因父親生意破產(chǎn)而從大學(xué)退學(xué)去參軍，快三十歲時得靠著賣家具努力掙錢。由此可知，他二十多歲時過著充滿挑戰(zhàn)的生活。故選A項。2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段中“Wheninterviewedaboutthehitofhisshows,Learsaid,“Ourteamreadtwoorthreenewspapersaday,paidalotofattentiontoourfamilies,andcameintotalkabouteverythingthatwasaffectingusinourdailylives.”(在被采訪到他的節(jié)目大受歡迎時，Lear說：“我們的團(tuán)隊每天讀兩三份報紙，非常關(guān)注我們的家庭，并討論影響我們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹囊磺惺虑??！?”可知，Lear的節(jié)目創(chuàng)作團(tuán)隊關(guān)注報紙上的新聞、自己的家庭、日常生活中的一切。由此可知，他的節(jié)目反映了真實的日常生活，這一點(diǎn)有助于節(jié)目的成功。故選A項。3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段MartyKaplan所說的話“Routinely,Lear’sshowsmightgetfiftyorsixtymillionviewers.Hewasindirectcontactwiththelivingroomsandfamiliesofthecountry(Lear的節(jié)目通常會吸引五六千萬觀眾。他與這個國家的客廳和家庭直接接觸)”可知，Lear創(chuàng)作的節(jié)目觀眾非常多，他與觀眾建立了緊密的聯(lián)系。由此推知，Lear因節(jié)目而廣受歡迎。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。通讀全文，尤其是第一段中“NormanLear,ageniusproducerandscreenwriter,passedawayonTuesdayinLosAngelesattheageof101.(天才制片人和編劇NormanLear周二在洛杉磯去世，享年101歲)”可知，文章主要報道了天才制片人和編劇NormanLear去世的消息，并以此簡要回顧了他的生平經(jīng)歷，介紹了他創(chuàng)作的喜劇所取得的巨大成功。因此，文章應(yīng)該出自新聞報道。故選D項。Passage6(2024山東聊城高三上·期末)ThisstoryispartofNature’s10,anannuallistproducedbytheworld’sleadingsciencejournalNature,exploringindividualswhocontributedtothekeydevelopmentsinscience.Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.Butwhyincludeacomputerprograminalistofpeoplewhohaveshapedsciencein2023?ChatGPTisnotaperson.Butactually,itandothergenerativeartificial-intelligence(AI)programsarechanginghowscientistswork.TheyhavealsorekindleddebatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo.That’swhythisyear’sNature’s10hasanon-humanaddition.Interestingly,Nature’slistalsoincludesoneofitscreators.IlyaSutskever,thechiefscientistandcofounderofOpenAI,theorganizationthatcreatedChatGPT,isoneofthemindsattheforefrontofgenerativeartificialintelligence.Hesawthiscompanyasanopportunitytodevelopgeneralartificialintelligencethatcouldoutperformhumansanddevelopitsownconsciousness.Sutskeverbelievesthatartificialintelligence’spotentialistoogreatformodelstobeavailabletoanyonewhowantstousethem,andhewasamongthefirsttorealizethatthesystemsthatscientistslikehismentor,GeoffreyHinton,hadbeguntodevelopwouldbegintoshowtheiractualcapabilitiesascomputingpowerincreased.Inrecentmonths,hedevotedhiseffortstowardcreatingamethodtodirectandcontrolartificialintelligencesystemsthataremoreintelligentthanhumans.1.WhichofthefollowingistrueaboutNature’s10accordingtothepassage?A.Nature’s10iscelebratingthedevelopmentofsciencetechnology.B.OnlyhumanbeingswereelectedasNature’s10before.C.Nature’s10wasstartedin2023forthefirsttime.D.Itwasawardedbythelocalgovernmentyearly.2.Whatisthesecondparagraphabout?A.Experts’opinionsonChatGPT.B.HowChatGPTfunctions.C.TheapplicationofChatGPTinscienceresearch.D.ThepromotionofChatGPT.3.Whatdoestheunderlinedwordrekindledinparagraph3mean?A.Settled. B.Restarted. C.Participated. D.Launched.4.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeIlyaSutskever’sattitudetowardsChatGPT?A.Confidentandcautious. B.Proudandconcerned.C.Objectiveanddoubtful. D.Enthusiasticandwarning.【答案】1.B2.C3.B4.A【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇新聞報道。文章報道了《自然》雜志將ChatGPT選入“自然10強(qiáng)”并分析了原因。文章同時介紹ChatGPT的創(chuàng)造者之一伊利亞·蘇茨克維爾對ChatGPT的看法。1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中“Onthe2023listpublished,thejournalincludedanon-humanentity—ChatGPT,forthefirsttime.(在公布的2023年名單中，該雜志首次納入了一個非人類實體——ChatGPT)”可知，在此之前，只有人類能被選為“自然10強(qiáng)”。故選B項。2.主旨大意題。根據(jù)第二段中“ChatGPTandrelatedsoftwarecanhelptobrainstormideas,enhancescientificsearchenginesandidentifyresearchgapsintheliterature,saysMarinkaZitnik,whoworksonAIformedicalresearchatHarvardMedicalSchoolinBoston,Massachusetts.ModelstrainedinsimilarwaysonscientificdatacouldhelptobuildAIsystemsthatcanguideresearch,perhapsbydesigningnewmoleculesorsimulatingcellbehaviour,Zitnikadds.(馬薩諸塞州波士頓的哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院從事人工智能醫(yī)學(xué)研究的MarinkaZitnik說，ChatGPT和相關(guān)軟件可以幫助集思廣益，增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎，并識別文獻(xiàn)中的研究空白。Zitnik補(bǔ)充說，以類似的方式對科學(xué)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行訓(xùn)練的模型可以幫助建立指導(dǎo)研究的人工智能系統(tǒng)，也許可以通過設(shè)計新分子或模擬細(xì)胞行為來實現(xiàn))”可知，本段主要討論了ChatGPT和其他生成式人工智能程序如何改變科學(xué)家的工作方式，并提到了ChatGPT在指導(dǎo)研究和增強(qiáng)科學(xué)搜索引擎方面的潛在可能。由此可知，第二段介紹了ChatGPT在科學(xué)研究領(lǐng)域中的應(yīng)用。故選C項。3.詞句猜測題。前綴re-表示“重新；再”；結(jié)合常識和劃線詞后“debatesaboutthelimitsofAI,thenatureofhumanintelligenceandhowbesttoregulatetheinteractionbetweenthetwo(關(guān)于人工智能的局限性、人類智能的本質(zhì)以及如何最好地規(guī)范兩者之間的互動的辯論)”可知，關(guān)于人工智能的這些話題的辯論并不是新事物，以前就已經(jīng)有過很多相關(guān)的辯論，由此推知，ChatGPT的出現(xiàn)只是重新引發(fā)了相關(guān)辯論。故劃線詞rekindled與restarted“重新開始”意思接近。故選B項。4.推理判斷題。