英語（人教版選修8）練習(xí)Unit3Section1WarmingUpReadingPre­reading（活頁作業(yè)）

活頁作業(yè)(七)Ⅰ.閱讀理解Today，bicyclesareelegantlysimplemachinesthataremonaroundtheworld.Manypeopleridebicyclesforrecreation，whereasothersusethemasameansoftransportation.ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.Becauseitwasmadeofwood，itwasn’tverystrongnordidithavepedals(腳踏板)．Ridersmoveditbypushingtheirfeetagainsttheground.In1839，KirkpatrickMacmillan，aScottishblacksmith，inventedamuchbetterbicycle.Macmillan’smachinehadironcoveredwheelstokeepthemfromgettingworndown.Healsousedfoot-operatedlevers，similartopedals，sohisbicyclecouldberiddenataquickpace.Itdidn’tlookmuchlikethemodernbicycle，though，becauseitsbackwheelwassubstantiallylargerthanitsfrontwheel.AlthoughMacmillan’sbicyclescouldberiddeneasily，theywereneverproducedinlargenumbers.In1861，F(xiàn)renchmanPierreMichauxandhisbrotherErnestinventedabicyclewithanimprovedpedalmechanism.TheycalledtheirbicycleaVELOCIPEDE，butmostpeoplecalledita“boneshaker”becauseoftheeffectofthewoodandironframe.Despitetheimpolitenickname，theVELOCIPEDEwasahit.Afterafewyears，theMichauxfamilywasmakinghundredsofthemachinesannually，mostlyforfun-seekingyoungpeople.Tenyearslater，JamesStarley，anEnglishinventor，madeseveralinnovationsthatrevolutionizedbicycledesign.Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel，putagearonthepedalstomakethebicyclemoreefficient，andlightenedthewheelsbyusingwirespokes.Althoughthisbicyclewasmuchlighterandlesstiringtoride，itwasstillclumsy，extremelytop-heavy，andriddenmostlyforentertainment.Itwasn’tuntil1874thatthefirsttrulymodernbicycleappearedonthescene.InventedbyanotherEnglishman，H.J.Lawson，thesafetybicyclewouldlookfamiliartotoday’scyclists.Thesafetybicyclehadequal-sizedwheels，whichmadeiteasiertoride.Lawsonalsoattachedachaintothepedalstodrivethebackwheel.By1893，thesafetybicyclehadbeenfurtherimprovedwithair-filledrubbertires，adiamond-shapedframe，andeasybraking.WiththeimprovementsprovidedbyLawson，bicyclesbecameextremelypopularandusefulfortransportation.Today，theyarebuilt，used，andenjoyedallovertheworld.1．Thispassagewasmostlikelywritteninorderto________.A．parebicyclesusedfordifferentpurposesB．describetheproblemsearlybicyclemakersexperiencedC．persuadereaderstousebicyclesfortransportationD．tellreadersabouttheearlyhistoryofthebicycle解析：推理判斷題。通觀全文，第一輛自行車是于1818年在德國被發(fā)明的——1839年KirkpatrickMacmillan發(fā)明了一輛更好的自行車——1861年法國人PierreMichaux和他的兄弟Ernest發(fā)明了一輛改進(jìn)了腳踏板機(jī)械裝置的自行車——兩年后JamesStarley做出了一些革新，徹底改變了自行車的設(shè)計(jì)——1874年真正的現(xiàn)代自行車出現(xiàn)了——1893年安全腳踏車被進(jìn)一步改進(jìn)——今天，自行車在全世界被制造、使用和喜愛。這篇文章主要講述自行車的發(fā)展史。答案：D2．WhichofthefollowingbicycletypeswasinventedbyJamesStarley?解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。第四段“Hemadethefrontwheelmanytimeslargerthanthebackwheel，...”JamesStarley制造的前車輪比后車輪大好幾倍。和圖片B相符。答案：B3．WhichofthefollowingstatementsisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?A．Twohundredyearsago，bicyclesdidnotexist.B．Thefirstbicyclecouldberiddenataveryquickpace.C．TheMichauxbrotherscalledtheirbicyclea“boneshaker”．D．Macmillan’smachinehadwheelswithrubbertires.解析：推理判斷題。由第一段“ThefirstbicyclewasinventedinGermanyin1818.”可知，第一輛自行車是在1814年被發(fā)明的，而200年前是1814年，所以那時(shí)自行車還不存在。故選A。答案：A4．Theinformationaboutbicyclesinthispassageisarrangedaccordingto________.A．importance B．timeC．place D．interest解析：細(xì)節(jié)理解題。本文講的是自行車的發(fā)展史，是逐段按時(shí)間排列出這些信息的。故選B。答案：BⅡ.七選五填空AliisfromaMiddleEasterncountry.HenowstaysintheUSA.Hesmokesalotofcigaretteseveryday.Hehassmokedfornineyears.Alisays，“Itriedtoquit(放棄)smokinginmyhometown，butitwasimpossible.Myparentssmoke.Mybrotherssmoke.Allmyfriendssmoke.Atpartiesandatmeetings，almostallthemensmoke.HereintheUnitedStates，notasmanypeoplesmoke.1______”ManysmokersarelikeAli：theywanttostopsmoking.2______Theyknowthemedicinecancausecancerandheartdisease.Butitisdifficultforthemtogiveupsmokingbecausecigaretteshaveadruginthem.Thedrugisnicotine.Peoplewhosmokealotneednicotine.3______Thenicotinemakeshimsick.Inafewdays，thesmoker’sbodyisusedtothenicotine，andhefeelsfine.Later，thesmokerneedsnicotinetokeepfeelingfine.Withoutnicotine，hefeelsbad.4______Manypeoplewhoquitwillsoonsmokeagain.Atapartyoratworktheywilldecidetosmoke“justone”cigarette.Thentheywillsmokeanothercigarette，andanother.Soontheybeesmokersagain.5______A．Itisveryhardtoquitsmoking.B．Itwillbeeasiertochangethesmokinghabithere.C．Thusnicotinemakessmokersaddictedtocigarettes.D．Thesmokersknowthatsmokingisbadfortheirhealth.E．Whenapersonfirstbeginstosmoke，heusuallyfeelsterrible.F．Maybethereisonlyoneeasywaytoquitsmoking:neverstart.G．Butitissaidthatmedicineisneededtostopthemfromsmoking.答案：1～5BDEAFⅢ.完形填空Mostpeoplehavethought，“Iwanttoflylikeabird.”Manypeoplehavetried.Theymadewingsfor__1__，usually__2__feathers，andtriedtoflybymovingtheirwings，asabirddid.Inabout1020，__3__Englishman，Oliver，triedtoflywithwingslikeabirddid.He__4__morethantwohundredmeters__5__hecrashedtothegroundandbrokebothhisarmsandlegs.__6__hisinjuries，Oliverseemedquitepleased.Hesaidhehadmadeonelittlemistake.Hehadforgotten__7__ataillikeabird’s.Butwhenhe__8__fromhisinjuries，henevertriedtoflyagain.In1507，anItalian，namedJohnDamian，triedtoflyinScotland.Heworeapairofwingsmadeofhens’feathers，andleapedfromthewallsofacastle.He__9__likeastonetothegroundbelow，andbrokealeg.Damianwasvery__10__.Hesaid，“Imadeamistake，Iusedhens’feathersandhensdonotoftenfly.I__11__thefeathersofabirdthatflies.ThenIamsureI__12__.”Butwhenhewaswellagain，Damian，likeOliver，neverattemptedanotherflight.AnItalianscientist，JohnBorelli，spentmuchtimethinkingaboutflying.Finally，in1680，hewroteabook__13__agreatmanycalculations.Theyprovedthatmenwouldneverbeabletoflywithwingsontheirarms.Borelliworkeditoutthataman’sarmswerenot__14__tosupporthimintheair.Weknownowthathewasrightbutsomepeople__15__whatBorellisaid.In1742，aFrenchman，althoughhewasanoldman，triedtofly__16__theRiverSeine，inParis，withwings__17__hisarms.Heleapedfromthebalcony(陽臺(tái))ofahousebesidetheriverandwent__18__downontoaboatmoored(停泊)atthebankoftheriver.Hewas__19__andonlybrokealeg.In1811，atailorinGermanydecidedtotrytoflywithwings.HebuiltawoodentoweronthebankoftheRiverDanube.Heleapedfromthistoweranddroppedlikeastoneintothewater.Hewasdraggedout__20__，buthewasmorefortunatethanmostoftheothermenwhohadtriedtoflywithwings.1．A.itself B．ourselvesC．themselves D．yourselves解析：由主語they可知此處應(yīng)該是指“他們自己”，故用themselves。答案：C2．A.of B．intoC．from D．with解析：bemadeof“由……制成”，此處介詞表示材料，故用of。答案：A3．A.a B．a(chǎn)nC．the D．one解析：此處表示“一個(gè)英國人”，故用不定冠詞；因Englishman以元音音素開頭，故用an。答案：B4．A.walked B．wentC．found D．covered解析：cover在這里是“行程，穿越”的意思，用went和walked不合適。答案：D5．A.when B．beforeC．a(chǎn)fter D．a(chǎn)s解析：穿越二百多米在先，墜入地面在后，故用before。答案：B6．A.Becauseof B．InspiteofC．Asaresultof D．Intermsof解析：從句子意思看，應(yīng)該是表示轉(zhuǎn)折。盡管受了傷，但很高興。答案：B7．A.towear B．wearingC．todress D．puttingon解析：從句意看，應(yīng)該是“忘記去做某事(未做)”，所以forget之后應(yīng)接動(dòng)詞不定式，todress的賓語是人，不是物。答案：A8．A.survived B．escapedC．recovered D．lived解析：recoverfrom...表示“從……痊愈”。答案：C9．A.feels B．fallsC．felt D．fell解析：像一塊石頭墜入地面，fall“落下”，用過去式fell。答案：D10．A.satisfied B．disappointedC．delighted D．inspired解析：從飛行結(jié)果和下文說的話來看，應(yīng)是感到很失望。答案：B11．A.shoulduse B．mustuseC．shouldhaveused D．shouldn’tuse解析：“should＋完成式”表示“本應(yīng)該做而實(shí)際沒有做”，帶有后悔之意。答案：C12．A.wouldhaveflown B．wouldflyC．couldfly D．willfly解析：wouldhaveflown表示“如果使用會(huì)飛的鳥的羽毛的話，那就會(huì)飛起來了”。答案：A13．A.including B．holdingC．containing D．consisting解析：contain意為“包含，包括”，在本句中是現(xiàn)在分詞作定語修飾book。including是介詞，不能作定語；consist是不及物動(dòng)詞，后要接of再接賓語。答案：C14．A.toostrong B．verystrongC．enoughstrong D．strongenough解析：“be＋adj./adv.＋enoughtodosth.”表示“足夠……以至于……”，是固定結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：D15．A.regardlessof B．paidnoattentiontoC．objectedto D．supported解析：B項(xiàng)意為“不注意，不關(guān)心”。regardlessof不是動(dòng)詞短語，不能作謂語。其他兩個(gè)動(dòng)詞意思與語境不符。答案：B16．A.over B．throughC．a(chǎn)cross D．past解析：表示“穿越(河流)”用介詞across。答案：C17．A.tiedto B．tiedonC．tyingto D．tyingon解析：這是with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)，tied表示被動(dòng)含義：翅膀被系在胳膊上，介詞to是固定搭配。答案：A18．A.crash B．crashingC．tocrash D．crashed解析：此處是“go＋動(dòng)名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)。答案：B19．A.disappointed B．unluckyC．a(chǎn)nnoyed D．fortunate解析：由下文可知，比較而言，這個(gè)人是幸運(yùn)的，因?yàn)樗皇撬嗔艘粭l腿。答案：D20．Apletelydrowned B．a(chǎn)lmostdrowningC．halfdrowned D．halfdrowning解析：drown一詞經(jīng)常用被動(dòng)式，因?yàn)槿耸潜谎退赖摹＿x擇half-drowned，說明人沒有淹死，因此說這個(gè)德國裁縫更加幸運(yùn)。答案：CⅣ.語法填空(2017·全國卷Ⅰ)Therehasbeenarecenttrendinthefoodserviceindustrytowardlowerfatcontentandlesssalt.Thistrend，whichwasstartedbythemedicalmunity(醫(yī)學(xué)界)1.________amethodoffightingheartdisease，hashadsomeunintendedside2.________(effect)suchasoverweightandheartdisease—theverythingthemedicalmunitywastryingtofight.Fatandsaltareveryimportantpartsofadiet.Theyarerequired3.________(process)thefoodthatweeat，torecoverfrominjuryandforseveralotherbodilyfunctions.Whenfatandsalt4.________(remove)fromfood，thefoodtastesasifitismissingsomething.As5.________result，peoplewilleatmorefoodtotrytomakeupforthatsomethingmissing.Even6.________(bad)，theamountoffastfoodthatpeopleeatgoesup.Fastfood7.________(be)fulloffatandsalt；by8.________(eat)morefastfoodpeoplewillgetmoresaltandfatthanthey