高中一輪復(fù)習(xí)英語必修四Unit4高考拆組訓(xùn)練

必修四Unit4高考拆組訓(xùn)練閱讀理解組塊專練——練速度(限時：30分鐘)Ⅰ.閱讀理解A(2018·山東省部分重點中學(xué)聯(lián)考)TheScottishposerEvelynGlennielostnearlyallherhearingasayounggirl,yetwentontoaverysuccessfulcareerinmusicincludingwinningGrammyawards.Whensomebodyasksher，“Howdoyouhear？”Sheresponds,“Howdoyouhear?Isitonlywithyourears？”ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.Weneedtolistentowhatissaidandunsaid,andalsohowitissaid.It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.AsMarkTwainsaid，“Thedifferencebetweentherightwordandthealmostrightwordisthedifferencebetweenlightningandthelightningbug(螢火蟲)．”Ifyoumisssomethingoryou'renotsureyou'veheardaccurately,askthespeakers.Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.Herearesomewaystogetclearaboutwhattheysayanddon'tsay.Whyaretheysayingthisnow,insteadofsoonerorlater?Whyaretheyemphasizingthesepoints,insteadofsomethingelse?Listentohowitissaid.Peoplesendsignalsaboutwhattheymeanwiththeirvoicesandbodylanguagethatsometimesdifferfromthewordstheysay.Whilegoingthroughthenextpoints,thinkaboutsomeonewhoserealmeaningyoumightsometimesmiss,andseeifanyofthesesignalsmighteup.First,voices.Whenothersspeak,noticechangesintheirvolume,pace,andtone.Second,bodylanguage.Noticegestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions.Dothesesyncwhattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory?Third,emotions.Whatisthepersontruefeeling?Nowyoumightnotknowforsure,butbeconsiderate,opentounderstanding,andaskthoughtfulquestions.語篇解讀：本文講述了聆聽的內(nèi)涵。我們要聽懂說話人想要表達(dá)的言外之意，并且要注意說話方式。1．What'sthewriter'spurposeofmentioningEvelynGlennie?A．Togiveanexampleofwisewords.B．Tointroduceaworld-famousmusician.C．Tohelpexplainthemeaningoflistening.D．Toencourageustofightagainstdisability.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“ForGlennie,andforustoo,listeningisnotonlyhearing,butisunderstanding.”可知，對于Glennie和“我們”來說，聆聽不僅是用耳朵聽而且是理解，這里說明了聆聽的內(nèi)涵。所以選項C正確。2．WhatcanwelearnfromwhatMarkTwainsaid?A．ItisimportanttohaveagoodknowledgeofEnglishwords.B．Peopleshouldknowwordscanbeusedinmanydifferentways.C．Englishisaveryplicatedlanguagewithalargevocabulary.D．Theslightdifferencebetweenwordsmayresultinmisunderstanding.解析：選D推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的“It'simportanttohearwhatpeoplesayaccurately.”和“Atthispointyou'renotevaluatingwhattheysay,butjustlookingforaccuracyandunderstanding.”可知，準(zhǔn)確聽懂說話者的意思很重要。因此，選項D“詞語的細(xì)微差異可能導(dǎo)致誤解”與MarkTwain所說的話意思相吻合。3．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“sync”inthelastparagraphprobablymean?A．Match. B．Prove.C．Describe. D．Analyze.解析：選A詞義猜測題。畫線詞前的修飾詞these指代前一句中的“gestures,eyecontact,andfacialexpressions”；再根據(jù)畫線詞后的“whattheyaresaying,ordotheytelladifferentstory”可推斷，match與畫線詞意思相近。故選A。4．Whichisthebesttitleforthispassage?A．SpeakWhileYouListen B．ListenBeyondWordsC．ReadBetweenLines D．ThinkasYouTalk解析：選B標(biāo)題歸納題。本文主要說明通過觀察說話人的說話方式來聽懂說話人想表達(dá)的言外之意。所以選B。B(2018·紹興一中一模)StudentsatHarvardthistermhavebeendoingsomethingforthefirsttimeintheuniversity'slonghistory.Theypromisenottocheat,ormorespecifically,tosignuptoanhonorcodeinwhichtheypromisetosticktovaluesofacademicintegrity(學(xué)術(shù)誠信).Itmeansstudentsatthewell-knownUSuniversityhavetopromisenottocheatinexams.BrettFlehinger,aprofessoratHarvard,saysstudentsnowwritetheirown“personalresponse”tothehonorcodebeforestartingterm,repeattheirpromisewhenregisteringandthenagainbeforetakingexams.Harvard'sadoptionofanhonorcodefollowsawidely-knowncheatingeventin2012.Ononeexampaper,morethanahundredstudentswereinvestigatedandabout70laterfacedpunishment.Anannualsurveywasconductedbythestudentnewspaper,theHarvardCrimson.Thesurvey,basedonasampleofmorethan70%ofnewstudents,alsoaskedaboutcheating.Itfound9%admittedtohavingcheatedinanexam.Therewereotherswhohadcheatedinhomework,academicworkandotherassignments.Sowillstudentsbestoppedfromcheatingbyapromise?AstudypublishedinOctoberbytheUSNationalBureauofEconomicResearchfound“strongevidence”ofcheatingfromatleast10%ofstudents.“Itisnotsurprisingthatstudentscheat—theyhaveenoughreasonstodoso,andthelikelihoodofgettingcaughtislow，”concludedthestudy.“Whatisperhapsmoresurprisingisthatsolittleeffortisdevotedtocatchingcheatingstudents.”Wouldanhonorcodemakeadifference?SirCaryCooper,aprofessoratManchesterBusinessSchool,says,“Idon'tthinkitactuallystopsthecheatingthatmuch.Auniversitywillhaveitbecauseitgivesspecificmoralguidanceaboutwhatisincorrectbehavior.”語篇解讀：本文是一篇議論文。哈佛大學(xué)為了防止學(xué)生在考試中作弊，在注冊和考試前讓學(xué)生簽署誠信守則，以此來提升學(xué)術(shù)誠信度。5．What'sthemainpurposeofHarvard'shonorcode?A．Tospreadknowledge.B．Topreventstudentscheatinginexams.C．Topunishstudentscheatinginexams.D．Tointroduceresultsoffailingintheexams.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段第三句及第一段內(nèi)容可知，哈佛大學(xué)的誠信守則的主要目的是防止學(xué)生考試作弊。故選B。6．WhatmadeHarvard'shonorcodeappear?A．ThesurveybytheHarvardCrimson.B．AlotofHarvard'sstudents'suggestions.C．TheinfluencefromtheotherUSuniversities.D．AnumberofHarvard'sstudents'cheatinginexams.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段第一句及第三段內(nèi)容可知，作弊事件迫使哈佛大學(xué)采用誠信守則制度。故選D。7．WhatdoweknowaboutthenewstudentsofHarvard?A．Nobodyadmittedhavingcheatedinexams.B．Someofthemcheatedinacademicwork.C．Allofthemcheatedonhomework.D．Theydidn'tcheatinexams.解析：選B細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段最后一句及第四段內(nèi)容可知，一些哈佛新生曾在學(xué)術(shù)作業(yè)中作弊過。故選B。C(2018·福州五校第一次聯(lián)考)ThereisapopularsayingintheEnglishlanguage：“Sticksandstonesmaybreakmybones,butwordswillneverhurtme.”Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords,name-callingoreventheso-called“thesilenttreatment”canhurtchildrenasmuchasbeingphysicallyhit,sometimesevenmoreso.Arecentstudyofmiddleschoolchildrenshowedthatverbal(言語的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain.ThestudywasaprojectofresearchersatHarvardMedicalSchoolinMassachusetts.ResearcherMartinTeicherandhisteamstudiedyoungadults,aged18to25.Theseyoungmenandwomenhadnoteverbeentreatedinacruelorviolentwaybytheirparents.Theresearchersaskedtheyoungpeopletoratetheirchildhoodexposuretoverbalabusefrombothparentsandotherchildren.Thentheresearchersperformedimagingtestsonthebrainsofthesubjects.Theimagesshowedthatthepeoplewhoreportedsufferingverbalabusefrompeersinmiddleschoolhadunderdevelopedconnectionsbetweentheleftandrightsideofthebrain.Thetwosidesofthebrainareconnectedbyalargebundleofconnectingfiberscalledthecorpuscallosum.Thiswastheareathatwasunderdeveloped.Themiddleschoolyearsareatimewhenthesebrainconnectionsaredeveloping.So,unkind,hurtfulmentsfromchildrenoradultsduringthisperiodhavethegreatesteffect.Theresearcherstestedthementalandemotionalconditionofalltheyoungpeopleinthestudy.Thetestsshowedthatthissamegroupofpeoplehadhigherlevelsoffear,depression,angeranddrugabusethanothersinthestudy.TheresearcherspublishedtheirfindingsonlineontheAmericanJournalofPsychiatry'swebsite.Parentscannotcontrolwhatotherpeoplesaytotheirchildren,buttheycanpreparetheirchildren.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。馬薩諸塞州哈佛醫(yī)學(xué)院的研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，語言暴力會干擾大腦神經(jīng)的連接，對孩子的大腦發(fā)育造成不良影響。8．Whydoestheauthorusethepopularsayingatthebeginning?A．Toshowthepowerofwords.B．Tointroduceanoppositeview.C．Toprovetheauthor'sargument.D．Toshowancientpeople'swisdom.解析：選B作者意圖題。引用名人名言、諺語等是文章開篇的常見寫作方式，且大多用來引出文章的話題。但是根據(jù)此諺語后面的“Well,thatisnottrue.Unkindwords...sometimesevenmoreso.”可知，本文引用這個諺語恰恰是為了引出一個不同的或者說是相反的觀點，故選B。9．Whatwillbediscussedinthenextparagraph?A．mentsonthefindings.B．Approachestofurtherstudies.C．Suggestionstoparents.D．Differentopinionsonthematter.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的內(nèi)容可知，作者接下來應(yīng)該會就“父母如何幫助自己的孩子為可能遭受的語言暴力做好準(zhǔn)備，使他們不會受到語言暴力的影響”給出一些方法或建議。故選C。10．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Thewaywespeakmatters.B．Verbalviolenceshouldbestopped.C．Unkindwordshurtthebrain.D．Wordsareworsethansticksandstones.解析：選C主旨大意題。文章介紹了語言暴力對孩子的不良影響，再根據(jù)文中的“verbal(言語的)abusebyotherchildrencanharmdevelopmentinthebrain”可以看出，其影響主要體現(xiàn)在孩子的大腦發(fā)育方面。故選C。Ⅱ.閱讀七選五(2018·合肥第二次質(zhì)量檢測)Empathy,theKeytoBeingKindInscienceclass,yourteachertellseveryonetofindapartnerforaproject.Outofthecornerofyoureye,younoticeonegirlsittingaloneandnotmakingeyecontactwithanyone.Youthinkaboutaskinghertobeyourpartner,butyou'reafraidpeoplewillthinkyou'reuncool.Youdon'treachouttothem.__1__Empathyisbeingabletounderstandandactuallyfeelwhatsomeoneelseisfeeling.Forsomepeople,thisesnaturally;forothers,ittakesabitmorework.__2__Whenyoupracticebeingempathetic,itgetseasiertomakekindnesspartofyoureverydaylife.Ifyoucanunderstandwhypeoplearefeelingdown,you'llwanttohelpthem.Herearesomeideasthatcanhelpyou.__3__Notbeingabletofindagroupinclassmightnotseemlikeabigdeal—butpartofbeingkindisnoticingwhensomeoneseemssad,hurtorunfortable.Afterall,youhavetonoticehowpeoplefeelinordertofeelempathyandwanttohelpthem!Whenyou'retryingtomakekindnesssecondnature,reallygettingotherpeople'sfeelingsisimportant.__4__Thinkaboutatimewhenyoufeltthatway.Didn'tyouwishsomeonewouldreachouttoyou?Ifsomeonehadofferedyouafewwordsoffort,wouldn'tithavemadeyoufeelsomuchhappier?So,whenyoufindpeoplearoundyouwhoarefeelingdownnexttime,donothesitatetoputyourselfintheirshoesandreachouttothemwithakindgesture.__5__Thereisalwaysatimewhenyouexpectoth