外研版中考英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)主題五歷史、社會(huì)與文化教學(xué)課件

主題五歷史、社會(huì)與文化一、語(yǔ)法選擇主題：精忠報(bào)國(guó)的民族英雄難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins YueFeilivedduringtheSongDynasty.Asageneral,heled__1__armytowinmanywars.In1125,theJinarmyfromthenorth__2__theSongEmpireandtriedtotakecontrolofitscentrallands.Yuemadeadecision__3__theenemy.()1.A．himself B．his C．him()2.A．a(chǎn)ttacks B．a(chǎn)ttacked C．hasattacked()3.A．tofight B．fighting C．fightBBA Beforehesetout,hismotheraskedhim,“Rightnowourcountryisfacing__4__difficultiesthanbefore,sowhatdoyouplantodo?”“Serve__5__countrywiththegreatestloyalty(忠心),”saidYue. Thatwaswhathismotherhopedhersonwoulddo.Shedecidedtotattoo(給……紋身)thewordsontoher__6__backsothathewouldnoteasilyforgetthem.()4.A．serious B．moreserious C．themostserious()5.A．a(chǎn)n B．a(chǎn) C．the()6.A．son B．son's C．sons'BCB Sheasked,“Mychild,yourbackwillbequite__7__whenbeingtattooed.Areyouafraid?”Yueanswered,“Mother,alittlepainisnothing.__8__Iwereafraidofthepainoftattooing,howcouldIgotowaronthefrontlines?” Keepinghiswords__9__mind,YuebeattheJinarmymanytimes.Sadly,Yue__10__becauseofQinHui.Buthisspiritwaspassedontolatergenerations.()7.A．pain B．painful C．painfully()8.A．If B．Because C．Although()9.A．in B．with C．of()10.A．killed B．iskilled C．waskilledBAAC二、完形填空主題：中國(guó)功夫難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins InDengfengtoday,therearemorethan50,000studentslearningkungfu,atraditionalartinChina.Theycometolearnitformany__1__.Somehopetobecomefilmstars.Otherscometolearn__2__thatwillhelpthemgetgoodjobsinthefuture.Afeware__3__bytheirparentstolearnself-controlandhardwork.()1.A.things B.reasons C.dreams D.habits()2.A.languages B.knowledge C.skills D.traditions()3.A.sent B.provided C.posted D.offeredBCA “Attracting(吸引)newstudentstotraditionalkungfuhasbecomea__4__,”saysHuZhengsheng,whoteachesitatasmallschoolinDengfeng.Hufearsthathisartwillsoon__5__.“It'shardtoaskkidstospendmanyyearsherebecausethelifeofkungfulearnersisnot__6__orinteresting,”hesays.()4.A.chance B.choice C.hobby D.problem()5.A.comeback B.eatout C.dieout D.goout()6.A.easy B.famous C.difficult D.boringDCA Hu'sstudentshavetosleepinunheatedroomsandkeep__7__hardoutsidewhateverthetemperature.Tolearnkungfuwell,theymusthavea__8__willandlearnrespectaswell. Foroldtraditionstoliveon,the__9__mustlearnandpassthemdown.()7.A.training B.playing C.walking D.moving()8.A.useful B.weak C.beautiful D.strong()9.A.young B.old C.rich D.poorADA__10__,toattractnewstudents,Huhasbroughtsomechangesintohiskungfulessonstomakethemlivelyandinteresting.Hopefully,moreandmorestudentswillshowinterestinlearningkungfu.（2023安徽改編）()10.A．Luckily B．Immediately C．Recently D.SuddenlyC三、短文填空主題：四川火鍋難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins 請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。appearinsteadhistoryoneeasytherestaurantwithyouaddbecausehappy ManyofChina'smostpopulardishescomefromSichuan.Ifit'sthe__1__timeforyoutovisitSichuan,don'thaveyourhometowndishes.Tryahotpotdinner__2__.Andifyougo,besuretobringyourfriendsandfamily.Inthisway,youcangetlotsoffood! Atahotpot__3__inSichuan,thewaiterservesthefooduncooked.Youcookityourselfatthetable.Yougetalargepotofboilingsoup,vegetablesandmeatorseafood.__4__thesefoodstothepotonebyone.Whenit'sfirstinsteadrestaurantAddfinished,enjoyit__5__relish（調(diào)味品）youlike.It'sfuntoeatatahotpotrestaurantwith__6__friendsorfamily. Justseveralmonthsago,thefirsthotpotbus__7__inChengdu.Onthebus,youcaneathotpot,goaroundthecityaswellaslearnaboutthe__8__ofSichuanhotpot.Thewholebusridetakes90minutes.Peoplelikehotpot__9__itisdelicious.Andit'sso__10__tomakethatyoucanevenmakeitathomebyyourself.Everybodycanbeacook!(2023四川遂寧改編）withyourappearedhistorybecauseeasy1.________________ 2.________________3.________________ 4.________________5.________________ 6.________________7.________________ 8.________________9.________________ 10.________________firstinsteadrestaurantAddwithyourappearedhistorybecauseeasy一、閱讀理解（A篇）主題：寄卡片和信件的傳統(tǒng)難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins

Host:Asweknow,theBritishhavebeensendingcardssincethe19thcentury.Theyspendabout1,700,000,000poundsoncardseveryyear.However,thenumberofpeoplesendingcardsandlettersisfalling.Morethan30percentofUKchildrenhaveneversentorreceivedahandwrittenletter.Shouldthetraditionofsendingcardsandlettersbestopped?第二組GroupAGroupB

Weliveinafas-developingworld,sousingsnailmailisunnecessary.Makingpaperuseslotsofenergyandsomecardsarehardtorecycle.It'sbadfortheenvironment.What'smore,cardsareexpensivetobuy.Nowadays,weusuallyuseourphonesandcomputersbecausetheyarequick,easyandfree.Traditionalcardsandlettersareoutofdate.Theyarenotyoungpeople'scupoftea.It'snosurprisethatmostofthemendupaslitter.

Thetraditionhasbeenaroundforhundredsofyearsandshouldstay.Sendingahandwrittenletterorcarefullychosencardshowsthatyoucare.Phonemessagesande-mailsarequickandeasy,buttheyseemtocarrylessfeeling.Sendinglettersisgoodforchildrenbecauseitisachancetopracticewritingskills.Also,it'sfun!Receivingpostmakesyoufeelspecialandit'simportantifsomeonelivesfarawayorislonely—justimagineabirthdaywithoutcards!（2023四川成都改編）()1.Whothinksit'snecessarytokeepthetradition?A.Thehost. B.GroupA. C.GroupB. D.AlltheBritish.()2.Whichpicturecanshowthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“snail”?CA()3.WhatdoesGroupAthinkofsendingcards?A.Freebutslow. B.Fastbutexpensive.C.Usefulandcheap. D.Wastefulandexpensive.()4.Whichofthefollowingfactsdirectlycausedthediscussion?A.Peoplehavedifferentopinions.B.FewerBritishpeoplesendcardsandletters.C.TheBritishspendtoomuchmoneyoncardsandletters.D.It'snotgoodfortheenvironment.DB()5.What'sthediscussionmainlyabout?A.WhentheBritishsendcardsandletters.B.WhethertheBritishshouldkeepthetraditionofsendingcardsandletters.C.WhytheBritishlikethetraditionofsendingcardsandletters.D.HowtheBritishkeepthetraditionofsendingcardsandletters.B二、閱讀理解（B篇）主題：鉛筆與鋼筆難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins Nooneknowswhoinventedpencilsorwhenithappened.ASwissdescribedapencilinabookin1565.Hesaiditwasapieceofwoodwithleadinsideit.(Leadisaveryheavy,soft,darkgraymetal.)Pencilsweren'tpopular,andpeoplecontinuedtowritewithpens.Theyusedbirdfeathersaspens. Then,in1795,someonestartedmakingpencilsfromgraphite(石墨),andtheybecameverypopular.Onepencilcanwrite50,000Englishwordsormakealine55kilometerslong. Peoplewrotewithfeatherpensandthenusedpenswithmetalpoints.Theyhadtodip(蘸)thepointintoinkaftereveryfewletters.Next,someoneinventedafountainpenthatcouldholdinkinsideit.Afountainpencanwriteseveralpagesbeforeyouhavetofillitagain. Twobrothers,LadislaoandGeorgBiro,inventedtheballpointpen.Englishpilotslikedthepens.Theycouldn'twritewithfountainpensinairplanesbecausetheinkleaked（漏）out.Later,aFrenchcompanycalledBicboughttheBiros'company. Somepeoplecallballpointpens“Bics”.Australianscallthem“Biros”.Whateverwecallthem,weusethemeveryday.（2023甘肅白銀改編）()1.Whodescribedapencilin1565?A.ACanadian. B.AGerman. C.ASwiss. D.AJapanese.C()2.Whatwereusedasthefirstpens?A.Feathers. B.Stones. C.Graphite. D.Wood.()3.HowmanyEnglishwordscanonepencilwrite?A.55. B.1,795. C.1,943. D.50,000.()4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?A.Afountainpencanholdinkinsideit.B.Ballpointpensaregoodforwritinginairplanes.C.Fountainpensmayleakink.D.Biros'companyboughtBic.ADD()5.What'sthemainideaofthispassage?A.Howtomakepencilsandpens.B.Howtousepencilsandpens.C.Thehistoryofpencilsandpens.D.Theadvantagesofpencilsandpens.C三、閱讀理解（C篇）主題：中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化與活動(dòng)難度：★★建議用時(shí)：6mins

配對(duì)閱讀。左欄是對(duì)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化感興趣的五位外國(guó)學(xué)生的描述，右欄是七個(gè)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)文化活動(dòng)的簡(jiǎn)介，請(qǐng)為每位學(xué)生選擇合適的活動(dòng)，并將其字母編號(hào)填寫在題號(hào)前的括號(hào)內(nèi)。A．Inthisweekend'sstory-tellingtime,you'llhearplentyofstoriesaboutChinesetraditions,forexample,whypeopleputuptheChinesecharacterfuupsidedownonthedoororwindow.B．BeijingOperaisaformoftraditionalartinChina.Ourclubissetupforfansandyouarewelcometojoinus.Wehaveinvitedsomefamouslocalactorstogiveactingclasses.C．Papercuttingsoundssimplebutisdifficulttodo.Bringredpaperandlearnthemakingofpapercutting.Youcantakehomethepapercuttingyoumakeinclass.D．WewillholdacompetitiononthefourgreatinventionsofancientChinanextmonth.Thefirstroundwillbeawrittentest.ThenextroundwillbeashortspeechinChinese.E.AshowoftraditionalChineseinkpaintingwillbeheldintheArtMuseumthisweekend.Manyworksofanimalsbyfamousartistswillbeonshow.F.Adiscussionwillbeheldinourreadingclubthisweekend.ThetopicisaboutJourneytotheWest,oneofthefourgreatclassicChineseworks.G.TraditionalChinesepaintingisaformoffineartsinChineseculture.Inourtrainingclass,Mr.Sunwillteachyouhowtopaintbamboowithbrushesandinkstepbystep.()1.LisabecomesinterestedintraditionalChinesepaintingandshewantstolearnhowtopaintbambooinink.()2.AlanisfromIndia.HeisstudyingChinesehistory.HehaslearnedalotaboutthefourgreatinventionsofancientChina.()3.SanisanAustralianboylivinginBeijing.HetakesgreatinterestintraditionalChineseopera（amusicalplay）.Hehopestotakeaclassoflocalopera.()4.MarylikesclassicChineseworks.ShehasreadtheoneaboutMonkeyKingsinceshecametoChina.()5.SusanlovesChinesepapercutting.ShewantstomakeaChinesecharacterfutoputuponherwindowthisSpringFestival.GDBFC一、語(yǔ)法選擇主題：元宵節(jié)難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：7mins TheLanternFestivalisanimportantfestivalinChina.It__1__2,000yearsagoduringtheHandynasty.Itison__2__dayofthefirstlunarmonth.ItalsomeanstheendoftheSpringFestivalcelebrations.()1.A.begins B.began C.begun()2.A.fifteen B.fifteenth C.thefifteenth二階2綜合能力提升篇BC Peoplecelebratethefestivalinmanyways.Thelanternshowis__3__partofthefestival.__4__thenightofthefestival,manylanternsarehunginthestreetsandparks.Theselanternslightupthenightduringthefestival.Peopleoftengooutandwatchthelanternshowwith__5__familyandfriends.()3.A.important B.moreimportantC.themostimportant()4.A.On B.At C.In()5.A.their B.they C.themCAA LanternriddlegamesarealsopopularduringtheLanternFestival.Riddles__6__oncolorfullanterns.Ifsomeone__7__therightanswer,heorshewillgetagift. TangyuanisthetraditionalfoodoftheLanternFestival.Itcanhavemanydifferentfillingsandtastes.Shapedlike__8__roundball,tangyuanisdelicious.Ontheonehand,peopleeattangyuanforgood__9__.()6.A.arewriting B.arewritten C.werewritten()7.A.willget B.get C.gets()8.A.the B.a C.an()9.A.luck B.lucky C.luckilyBCBAOntheotherhand,theshapeoftangyuanmeansfamilyreunion（團(tuán)圓）. Showsareeverywhereallday.Inthedaytime,peoplecanenjoytheperformancessuchasadragonlanterndance,aliondance,aYanggedance__10__beatingdrums.Atnight,exceptforthebeautifullanterns,fireworksformabeautifulscene.Somelocalgovernmentsusuallyorganizeafireworksparty. PeopleenjoythemselvesduringtheLanternFestival.（2023湖北孝感改編）()10.A.and B.but C.orA二、完形填空主題：筷子的歷史難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：7mins Chopsticksoriginatedfrom(起源于)China.Thoughsimpleandlittle,theyareagreat__1__inthehistoryofhumans.Therearemany__2__aboutchopsticks.DaYuandChopsticksisoneofthem. ItissaidthatduringYaoandShuntimes,ShunorderedYuto__3__theflood.()1.A.invention B.instruction C.machine D.introduction()2.A.newspapers B.dictionaries C.stories D.diaries()3.A.control B.find C.follow D.collectACAOneday,Yutookaboattoanisland.Hewasso__4__thatheusedanearthpottocookmeat.Afterthemeatwaswell-doneinboiledwater,hedidn'twanttowastetimetowaitforittocool,sohetooktwobranchesto__5__themeatfromthesoup.Then,tosavetime,healwaystooksmallbranchestotakeoutfoodfromthehotpot.()4.A.hungry B.thirsty C.worried D.scared()5.A.throwaway B.putaway C.giveup D.pickupADForalongtime,hewasgradually__6__atpickingupfoodwithsmallsticks.Inthisway,thefirsttypesofchopstickswereinvented. Thechopsticksaremadeofdifferentkindsof__7__includingbamboo,wood,animalbones,beautifulstones,andsomeothermaterials.Therearemorethan200typesofchopsticksnow.Amongthem,thebamboochopsticksaremost__8__used.()6.A.poor B.skilled C.weak D.pleased()7.A.wood B.plastic C.materials D.metal()8.A.comfortably B.widely C.weekly D.probablyBCB “Achopstickcanbe__9__easily,whiletenpairsofchopsticksholdeachothertightly(緊緊地)…”Thesongispopularwithmanypeople,anditalways__10__peopletoworktogether.Weshouldrememberitandtrytopassonthegreattraditionalcultureofourcountry.()9.A.made B.missed C.found D.broken()10.A.refuses B.encourages C.advises D.ordersDB三、短文填空主題：“敦煌女兒”樊錦詩(shī)難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：7mins

請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。andinterestthatwithalmostvisitcallcarenothetheythousand TheMogaoGrottoes(莫高窟)areaveryspecialplaceinChina,whichstandinDunhuang,GansuProvince.TheMogaoGrottoesare__1__ofyearsoldandwerelistedasaworldculturalheritage(遺產(chǎn))byUNESCOin1987. Manypeople,includingarchaeologists(考古學(xué)家)andresearchers,workhardtotake__2__oftheMogaoGrottoesandlearnmoreaboutthem.FanJinshiisoneofthem. FanwasborninBeijingonJuly9th,1938.HerfatherwasagraduateofTsinghuaUniversityandwasquite__3__inChineseclassicalartandculture.thousandscareinterested Influencedbyherfather,Fanliked__4__museumswhenshewasinmiddleschool.__5__thegreatloveofChineseculture,shestudiedinthearchaeologydepartmentinPekingUniversityandgraduatedin1963.ThenshestartedworkingatDunhuang__6__hasworkedthereeversince.Shespends___7___60yearstakingcareofDunhuang.People__8__herthe“DaughterofDunhuang”.visitingWithandalmostcall OnMay4th,2023,“DaughterofDunhuang”FanJinshireturnedtoPekingUniversityandbroughtback10millionyuandonationstosetuptheFanJinshiEducationFund(基金)tosupport__9__researchofDunhuangStudiesatPekingUniversity. “Moneymadeshouldbespentintherightway.Peoplecannotonlythinkof__10__,”shesaid.“HopefullythesettingoftheFundcanhelpDunhuangstudiesattheuniversity,soitcanraiseculturalconfidenceandstrength.”(2023甘肅天水改編）thethemselves1.________________ 2.________________3.________________ 4.________________5.________________ 6.________________7.________________ 8.________________9.________________ 10.________________thousandscareinterestedvisitingWithandalmostcallthethemselves四、閱讀理解(B篇)主題：龍?zhí)ь^難度：★★★建議用時(shí)：7mins TheLongtaitouFestival,alsoknownastheEryue'erFestival,isatraditionalfestival.ItisontheseconddayofthesecondmonthoftheChinesecalendar.Anoldsayinggoes,“Eryueer,longtaitou.”Itmeansonthatday,thedragonliftshishead. ThisfestivalwasimportantinancientChina.Peoplebelievedafterthisdaytherainwouldincreasebecausetherain-bringingDragonKingwokeupfromhiswintersleep.Soitmarkedthestartofspringandfarming. Therearemanywaystocelebratethefestival.Themostfamoustraditionistohaveahaircut.Somepeoplebelievethathavingahaircutonthisdaybringsthemgoodluck,whileothersbelievethathavingahaircutinthefirstlunarmonthwillcausetheiruncletodie. PeopleinEastChina'sFujianProvinceeattofuballsduringthefestival.Theyoftenmaketofuandvegetableballstoprayforfamilyandbusiness—hopingeverythinggoeswell.EatingchengyaocakesonthisdayisatraditioninSuzhou,JiangsuProvince.ItissaidthatifyoueatchengyaocakesonLongtaitou,yourwaist(腰)won'thurtthewholeyear.PeopleinpartsofShandongProvinceeatfriedbeanstocelebratethefestival. Otherfoods,likenoodles,dumplings,springrollsandpopcorn,areallgivendragonnamesonthisday.Noodlesarecalleddragons'beard(longxu),dumplingsaredragons'ears(longer),springrollsaredragons'scales(longlin),andpopcorniscalleddragonseeds(longzi).It'ssaidthateatingthesefoodsonthisdaycanbringgoodluck.(2023四川德陽(yáng)改編）()1.WhatdoesthewriterusetodescribetheLongtaitouFestival?A.Apoem. B.Asong. C.Anarticle. D.Asaying.()2.WhywasthisfestivalimportantinancientChina?A.Becauseitwastimetobegintofarm.B.Becauseitwasasymbolofgoodluck.C.Becausepeoplecouldeatdifferentfoods.D.Becausepeoplecouldhaveahaircut.DA()3.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“pray”inParagraph4mean?A.Treat. B.Thank. C.Wish. D.Value.()4.Whatarecalleddragons'earsonthisfestival?A.Dumplings. B.Springrolls. C.Noodles. D.Friedbeans.CA()5.What'sthemainideaofthepassage?A.ThedateoftheLongtaitouFestival.B.TheintroductiontotheLongtaitouFestival.C.ThefoodoftheLongtaitouFestival.D.ThehistoryoftheLongtaitouFestival.B一、完形填空主題：中美飲食文化差異難度：★★★★建議用時(shí)：8mins WhenIfirstarrivedinChina,IknewlittleChinese.AndsomeoftheChinesewordsI__1__hadsomethingtodowithfood.Ilearnedthenamesofafewdishes,butstilldidn'tknowmostofthethingsIsawonChineserestaurantmenus.Luckily,therewere__2__tohelpme.()1.A.learnedabout B.cameup C.keptaway D.clearedout()2.A.videos B.covers C.pictures D.materials三階3核心素養(yǎng)體現(xiàn)篇AC NearlyeveryrestaurantmenuinChinahaspicturesoffoodinit.Butmany__3__I'vebeentointheUSdon't.Whatisthe__4__forthedifference? OnethingI'vedefinitely(明確地)__5__aboutChinaisthatfoodisabiggerpartoftheirculturethanitisintheUS.()3.A.concerts B.apartments C.shops D.restaurants()4.A.result B.reason C.choice D.list()5.A.noticed B.thoughtC.reflected D.imaginedDBAAcommonwayto__6__someoneinChinaistoaskthemifthey'veeatenyet.Foodisjustabiggerdealhere—andhavingpicturesoffoodinmenusispartofthat.Somemenusarealmostlikeworksofart,with__7__photos. Anotherthingisthenamesofthedishes.Chinesedishessometimeshavefanciful(別出心裁的）nameslike“palaceguardchicken”or“threefreshthingsfromthesoil”.()6.A.introduce B.remember C.respect D.greet()7.A.thankful B．uneasy C．uglyD.beautifulDDTheseareinterestingnames,buttheydon't__8__tellyouwhatthedishesarelike.Therefore,it's__9__tohavepicturessoyoucanactuallyseewhatyouaregoingtoeat. Thereare__10__evenmorereasons.AllIknowisthatIwasverythankfultohavethosepicturemenuswhenIfirstcametoChinayearsago.（2023山東濱州改編）()8.A．really B．graduallyC．lastly D.cheaply()9.A.harmful B.helpful C.colorful D.awful()10.A.nearly B.simply C.probably D.carefullyABC二、短文填空主題：廣東舞獅難度：★★★★建議用時(shí)：8mins 請(qǐng)從方框內(nèi)選擇適當(dāng)?shù)脑~并用其正確形式填空，使文章完整連貫。注意每空一詞，每詞僅用一次，有兩詞為多余項(xiàng)。difficultybringitsinceeventakebutanotherwhenartsymbolseventy HaveyouheardofGuangdongLionDance?GuangdongLionDancewascalledxingshibylocalpeople.Itisan__1__formwhichrequiresskillsofdance,musicandkungfu.Ithasbeenaroundformorethan2,000years.Chinesepeoplebelievethatlionscandriveawaybadluckand__2__goodluck. WangRentao,41,hasperformedtheliondance__3__28yearsago.BorninZhongkengvillageinDongguan,GuangdongProvince,Wangwatchedvillagersperformitartbringsincewhenhewasyoung.“It'satraditionhereandtheloveforliondanceisineveryone'sblood,”Wangsaid.Heisnowheadofthevillage'sliondanceteam.In2019,theteamtookpartinthecelebrationofthe__4__birthdayofNewChinaatTian'anmenSquare.“Ifeelveryproud,”Wangsaid. Wang'steamisfamousfordancingonquincuncialpiles(梅花樁),aliondanceskillwhichisquite__5__tolearn.Thepilesareabout1.8metersawayfromeachseventiethdifficultother.Performersjumpfromonepileto__6__ataheightofabout2.5meters. “Thetrainingisreallydifficultandsometimesitis__7__dangerous.Performersneedtohavekungfuskillsfirst.Evenwiththat,theymayfallfromthepilesandgethurt,”Wangsaid.“It__8__manyyearstolearnthisskill.” TheliondanceispopularnotjustinChina,__9__inoverseasChinesecommunitiesaswell.ManyoverseasChineseseethelionasa__10__ofChina.Theliondanceremindsthemofthecultureoftheirhomeland.anothereventakesbutsymbol1.________________ 2.________________3.________________ 4.________________5.________________ 6.________________7.________________ 8.________________9.________________ 10.________________artbringsinceseventiethdifficultanothereventakesbutsymbol三、閱讀理解(B篇)主題：字典編寫難度：★★★★建議用時(shí)：8mins Peoplebelievethateverywordhasitscorrectmeaning(s).Whenwearenotsure,weusuallycheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Butdoyouknowhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast? Dictionarywritersfirstreadtheimportantbooksoftheperiodorthesubjectthatthedictionarywasabout.Astheyread,theycopiednecessaryinformationoncards:interestingwords,commonwords—bothintheirdailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.Thatistosay,thewords,alongwiththeusesofeachword,werecollected.Forareallybigdictionary,millionsofsuchcardswerecollected.Thistaskcouldlastforyears.Asthecardswerecollected,theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Whenthiswasdone,therewouldbeseveralhundredcardsforeachsingleword. Then,todefineaword,thedictionarywriterplaceditshundredsofcardsbeforehim.Hereadthecardsclosely,threwawaysome,readtherestagain,anddividedupthecardsaccordingtowhathethoughtwerethecommonusesoftheword.Finally,hewrotethedefinitions,followingthehard-and-fastrule(硬性規(guī)定):eachdefinitionmustcomefromanexampleonacertaincardinfrontofhim. So,thewritingofadictionarywasnotataskofinventingmeaningsofwords,butataskofrecordingtheirmeanings.Thewriterofadictionarywasahistorian,notalawmaker. Astimedevelops,thewayofproducingdictionarieshasgreatlychanged.Nowadays,wecanuseonlinedictionaries,too.Whenchoosingourwordsinspeakingorwriting,wecanbeguidedbythedictionary.However,wecannotbecontrolledbyit,becausenewsituations,newexperiences,newinventions,andnewfeelings,arealwayspushingustogivenewusestooldwords.（2023廣東廣州改編）()1.Whydiddictionarywritersreadimportantbooks?A.Toknowmoreabouttheperiod.B.Tocollectwordsandtheiruses.C.Tounderstanddifferentsubjects.D.Tolearntouseinterestingwords.B()2.WhichshowstheCORRECTstepsofhowdictionariesweremadeinthepast?①②③④A.①③④② B.①②④③ C.③④②① D.③①④②D()3.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“define”?A.Todescribethespellingofaword.B.Todescribethepronunciationofaword.C.Todescribethemeaningofaword.D.Todescribetheusesofaword.C()4.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassageaboutdictionarywritinginthepast?A.Itshouldbedonebyhistorians.B.Itwasataskofinventingandrecording.C.Itwaslong-timehardwork.D.Ithadtousethelaw-makingrules.C()5.Whatdoesthewriteradviseustodowhenwechoosewordsincommunication?A.Beopentothenewusesofwords.B.Followthedictionarystrictly.C.Useonlinedictionariesinstead.D.Trytocreatenewwords.A【拓展練習(xí)】再次閱讀文章，回答下列5個(gè)問(wèn)題，并把答案寫在橫線上。1.Whenwearenotsureofthemeaningofaword,whatcanwedo?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2.Whatwerecopiedonthecards?________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Wecancheckonline,orturntoourteachersordictionaries.Words'dailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereusedwerecopiedonthecards./Words'dailyusesandunusualuses,andalsothesentenceswheretheywereused.3.Howwerethecardsputaftertheywerecollected?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4.Howdidthedictionarywritersdealwithwords,byinventingtheirmeaningsorbyrecordingtheirmeanings?____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Thecards/Theywereputinalphabeticalorder(A—Z)./Inalphabeticalorder(A—Z).Thedictionarywriters/Theydealtwithwordsbyrecordingtheirmeanings./Byrecordingtheirmeanings.5.Accordingtothepassage,whycanwe