上海市2021-2022學(xué)年高二年級下冊期末英語試題 含解析

上海市延安中學(xué)2021學(xué)年高二年級第二學(xué)期6月質(zhì)量調(diào)研

英語試卷

（考試時間：90分鐘滿分：100分）

第I卷

I?ListeningComprehension

SectionA

Directions:InSectionA,youwillheartenshortconversationsbetweentwospeakers.Atthe

endofeachconversation,aquestionwillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Theconversationsand

thequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Afteryouhearaconversationandthequestionabout

it,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaper,anddecidewhichoneisthebestanswerto

thequestionyouhaveheard.

1.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Hedoesnotwanttolistentotheradio.

B.Hehaschangedhisopinionaboutturningontheradio.

C.Theradiowillnotbotherhim.

D.Theradioisnotworkingverywell.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W:DoyoumindifIturnontheradioforawhile?

M:No,Idon'tmind.

Q:Whatdoesthemanmean?

2.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Shedoesnotlikecakes.B.Sheisgoingtodive.

C.Sheisafraidtodiet.D.Shewantstoloseweight.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:Wouldyouliketohaveapieceofcake?

W:No,thanks.Tmonadiet.

Q:Whatdoesthewomanmean?

3.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Inalibrary.B.Inabookstore.C.Inarestaurant.D.Inahotel.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】M:Whafstheduedateforthisbook?

W:Tomorrow.

Q:Wheredoesthisconversationmostlikelytakeplace?

4.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Hisfriendwaslatefordinner.B.Hewasn'tabletoeatdinner.

C.Hisfrienddidn'tcometohishouse.D.Hecouldn'tgotohisfriend^housefordinner.

【答案】C

【解析】

［原文］M:Tmreallyupset.Marvinwassupposedtocomeoverfordinnerlastnight,andhedidn't.

W:Thatdoesn'tsoundlikeMarvin.You'dthinkhewouldatleasthavecalled.

Q:Whyisthemanupset?

5.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Inacoupleofdays.B.Earlythenextmorning.

C.Lateintheevening.D.Thatafternoon.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】W:Whenwillmycarbeready?

M:Well,ifsnoonbymywatch.IthinkIcanhaveitfixedinacoupleofhours.

Q:Whencanthewomangethercar?

6.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Shewilldecidelater.B.Shedoesn'tcareforeither.

C.Shewantsthemantodecide.D.Shedoesn'twanttogoout.

Q:Whatdoesthewomansayabouthergrandfather?

10.【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

A.Classmates.B.Coachandathlete.

C.Bossandsecretary.D.Studentandteacher.

【答案】D

【解析】

【原文】M:HowcanImakeuptheclassImissed?Ihadanaccidentinlastweek'sfootballgame.

W:Well,wejustfinishedUnit10,soI'dlikeyoutoreviewthatunitandanswerthequestionsonpage35.

Q:Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthetwospeakers?

SectionB

Directions:InSectionB,youwillhearseveralshortpassagesandlongerconversations,and

youwillbeaskedsomequestionsoneachofthepassagesandtheconversations.Thepassages

andtheconversationswillbereadtwice,butthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.When

youhearaquestion,readthefourpossibleanswersonyourpaperanddecidewhichone

wouldbethebestanswertothequestionyou'veheard.

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

11.A.WhiteHat.B.BlueHat.C.RedHat.D.YellowHat.

12.

A.Itmeanssixdifferentgroupsofpeople.B.Itmeanssixdifferentthinkingmodes.

C.Itmeanssixproblem-solvingmethods.D.Itmeanssixhatspeopleuseforthinking.

13.

A.GreenHatisbetterthanBlackHat.

B.EveryoneshouldputonBlackHatinmeetings.

C.PeopleareencouragedtouseallthesesixThinkingHats.

D.Disagreementscanbecausedbydifferentthinkingmodes.

【答案】11.A12.B13.D

【解析】

【原文】Doyouknowwhywesometimesargueanddon'tagreewitheachotherinmeetings?

Aresearcherofthinkingsuggeststhatitmaybebecausewethinkindifferentthinkingmodes.Heonce

proposedamethodforsolvingproblemsinmeetings.HecalledhismethodtheSixThinkingHatsMethod.Itis

designedtoencouragepeopletothinkinonethinkingmodeatatime.

Heidentifiessixthinkingmodes.Tobeginwith,hesuggeststhatpeopleputonadifferenthateachtimethey

enteradifferentthinkingmode.Hissixthinkinghatsare:

WhiteHat-usedforpresentingfacts,figuresandinformation.

RedHat-usedfortalkingaboutemotions,feelingsandintuition.

BlackHat-usedwhenmakinganegativejudgment,givingreasonsforaplannotworking.

YellowHat-usedforgivingpositive,constructiveideas.

GreenHat-usedformakingcreative,imaginative,excitingsuggestions.

BlueHat-usedforcontrollingtheprocess,thinkingaboutthinking.

Thisresearcherbelievesthatifeveryoneusesonethinkingmodeatthesametime,forexample,ifeveryone

putsonBlackHatatthesametimeinameeting,thereislessargumentandproblemsaresolvedmorerapidly.

Questions:

1Whichhatisusedforpresentinginformation?

2.WhatdoestheSixThinkingHatsMethodmean?

3.Whatcanwelearnfromthispassage?

聽下面一段獨白，回答以下小題。【此處可播放相關(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

14.

A.Hewantstoattractmorepassengers.B.Hewantstomakehissupervisorshappy.

C.Hesingssothatthewholebuscanhear.D.Hecangetinterestedaudienceeveryday.

15.

A.SingingonChicagoTV.B.Beingaprofessionalsinger.

C.Makingpeoplehappybysinging.D.Beingahappybusdriver.

16.

A.Heloveshisjob.B.Hisco-workersdon?tlikehim.

C.Hisbusisalwaystoocrowded.D.Hemustearnalotofmoney.

【答案】14.D15.C16.A

【解析】

【原文1IonceheardastoryaboutabusdriverinChicago.

Hesingswhilehedrives.Thafsright...sings!AndIdon'tmeanhesingssoftlytohimselfeither.Hesings

sothatthewholebuscanhear!Alldaylonghedrivesandsings.

HewasonceinterviewedonChicagotelevision.Hesaidthatheisnotactuallyabusdriver"I'ma

professionalsinger,heasserted.t4Ionlydrivethebustogetacaptiveaudienceeverysingleday.”

His“happiness“isnotdrivingabus,thoughthatmaybeasourceofenjoymentforsomepeople.His

happinessissinging.AndthesupervisorsoftheChicagoTransportationCompanyareperfectlyhappyaboutthe

wholearrangement.Yousee,peoplelineuptoridehisbus.Theyevenletotherbusespassbysotheycanridewith

the“singingbusdriver”.Theyloveit!

Hereisamanwhobelievesheknowswhyhewasputhereonearth.Forhim,itistomakepeoplehappy.And

themorehesings,themorepeoplehemakeshappy!Hehasfoundawaytocombinehispurposeinlivingwithhis

occupation.Byfollowinghishappiness,heisactuallylivingthekindoflifehebelievesheismeanttolive.

Noteverybodycanidentifyapurposeinlife.Butwhenyoudo,andwhenyoupursueit,youwillbeliving

thekindoflifeyoufeelyouaremeanttolive.Andwhafsmore,youwillbehappy.

Questions:

1.Whydoesthedriversingwhilehedrives?

2.Whatishispurposeinlife?

3.Whatcanweinferfromthisbusdriver'sstory?

聽下面一段較長對話，回答以下小題?！敬颂幙刹シ畔嚓P(guān)音頻，請去附件查看】

17.

A.Theyarereadytoleaveforaholiday.B.Theyareabouttogoonapicnic.

C.Theyareplanningtoliveinthecountry.D.Theyarehavingalookaround.

18.

A.Itwascanceledbecauseofbadweather.B.Heenjoyedthesceneryfromthehills.

C.Hedidn'tgotothepicnic.D.Itwaswonderful.

19.

A.Stayinginhisnicedryhouse.B.Walking.

C.Predictingtheweather.D.Fishing.

20.

A.TheyaregoingtodriveGeorge'scar.

B.Georgeisgoingwiththem.

C.TheylikeGeorge'snicebluecar.

D.AtleastGeorgesaidhewouldliketogofishingtoo.

【答案】17.B18.C19.D20.B

【解析】

【原文】M:Hi,Linda,areyoureadytogo?Justtherightweatherforapicnic,isn'tit?

W:Yes,we'relucky.

M:rilsayweare!Doyouknow,lasttimeweplannedapicnicitrained.Someofusstarted,andtheygotsoaked.

Iwasoneofthewiseones...hadonelookattheskyandstayedrightwhereIwas...inmynicedryhouse.

W:Who'spickingusup?

M:George...atleasthesaidhewould.Tmgoingtodoabitoffishingmyself.Whatareyougoingtodo?

W:Tmgoingtotakeawalkandhavealookaround.

M:Goodidea.Notabadplacetoenjoythescenery.Therearesomewonderfulviewsfromthehillsaround.But

nowalkingforme.Tilsticktofishing.

W:Well,Ilikewalking.

M:Ihearacaroutside.IguessitmustbeGeorge.

W:Yeah.It'shim.Thafshisnicebluecar.Tdknowitanywhere.

Questions:

1.Whatarethetwospeakersgoingtodo?

2.Whatdoesthemansayaboutthelastpicnic?

3.Whatdoesthemanlovedoing?

4.WhydotheymentionGeorgeintheconversation?

II.GrammarandVocabulary

SectionA

Directions:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammatically

correct.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheother

blanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.

Globalhealthauthoritiesareinvestigatingunexplainedseverehepatitis(肝炎)casesinchildrenthathave

beenrecordedinmorethanadozencountriesworldwide.

21Britishhealthofficialsfirstsoundedthealarmaboutthemysteriousillness,whichhaslargely

affectedchildrenagedunder10yearsold,inearlyApril,about190casesofsevereliverinflammationofunknown

originhavebeenidentifiedaroundtheworld.

AndreaAmmon,ECDCdirector,saidinvestigationsaboutwhat22(lie)behindtheoutbreakwere

“ongoing”but“theexactcauseofthishepatitisstillremainsunknown”.

Shesaidearlyfindings"pointtowardsalinktoadenovirus(腺病毒)infection^^.Adenovirus-agroupof

virusestypically23(associate)withsymptoms,suchasapersistentcough,conjunctivitisordiarrhoea

一rarelyleadstohepatitisinhealthychildren.

Onepossiblefactor,saidAmmon,wasthatchildrenhaving"littleexposure^^toadenovirusasaresultof

decreasedsocialmixing24Covid-19restrictionswascontributingtomoresevereoutcomes.However,

shecautionedthatintermsofexplaining25thecaseswereemergingnow:"it'sallspeculation^^.

Three-quartersoftheBritishchildren26weretestedforadenovirusafterfallingillwiththe

unexplainedhepatitisreturnedpositiveresults,accordingtodatafromtheUKHealthSecurityAgencypublished

onMonday.TheUK27(record)111casesoftheillnessbyApril21.TheUS,Israeland10other

Europeannationshavealsorecordedcases.

TedrosAdhanomGhebreyesus,theWorldHealthOrganization'sdirector-general,toldanewsconferencethat

17childrenhadrequiredlivertransplantsandonechilddiedaftercontractingtheillness.

Hesaidsymptomsincludedabdominalpain,diarrhoea,vomiting,jaundice,severeacutehepatitis,and

increasedlevelsofliverenzymes.However,thevirusesthatcommonlycausedacuteviralhepatitishadnotbeen

detectedin28ofthecases.

Adenovirushadbeendetectedinatleast74casesandthis,andotherhypotheses,werebeingexplored,

Tedrossaid.

Scientistsarealsoinvestigatingwhetheradenoviruscombinedwithpreviouscoronavirusinfectionor

simultaneousCovid-19infection29bebehindtheincreaseinseverehepatitis.

Buthealthofficialshaveruledoutthepossibilitythattraditionaltypesofhepatitisviruses-AtoE-are

thecauseoftheoutbreak,orthatCovid-19vaccinationisthething30(blame).

【答案】21.Since

22.lay23.associated

24.becauseof##dueto

25.why26.who##that

27.hadrecorded

28.any29.could

30.toblame

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇新聞報道。文章主要報道了全球衛(wèi)生主管部門正在調(diào)查全世界十多個國家記錄的兒童

不明原因重型肝炎病例。

【21題詳解】

考查時間狀語從句。句意：自4月初英國衛(wèi)生官員首次對這一主要影響到10歲以下的兒童的神秘疾病發(fā)

出警報以來，全球已發(fā)現(xiàn)約190例不明原因的嚴(yán)重肝病病例。結(jié)合語意，空處表示“自從”，應(yīng)用since

引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，置于句首，首字母大寫。故填Since。

[22題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：ECDC負(fù)責(zé)人AndreaAmmon表示，關(guān)于此次疫情背后的原因的調(diào)查”正在進

行”，但“這種肝炎的確切原因仍然未知”。liebehind表示“是……的原因”，根據(jù)句中said可知，句

子使用一般過去時，動詞應(yīng)用過去式。故填lay。

【23題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：腺病毒一一通常與癥狀相關(guān)的一組病毒，如持續(xù)性咳嗽、結(jié)膜炎或腹瀉，很少

導(dǎo)致健康兒童發(fā)生肝炎。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，beassociatedwithsth.表示“與某物有聯(lián)

系”，作定語修飾名詞viruses時，去掉be動詞，使用過去分詞，作后置定語。故填associated。

【24題詳解】

考查介詞短語。句意：Ammon說，一個可能的因素是，由于新冠病毒的限制，社會交往減少，兒童“很

少接觸”腺病毒在導(dǎo)致更嚴(yán)重的后果。結(jié)合語意，此處表示由于新冠病毒的限制，空處應(yīng)用介詞短語

becauseof/dueto,表示“由于，因為"。故填becauseof或dueto。

[25題詳解】

考查賓語從句。句意：然而，她提醒說，在解釋為什么現(xiàn)在出現(xiàn)這些病例時：”這都是猜測"。結(jié)合語

意，此處表示解釋為什么病例出現(xiàn)，空處應(yīng)用why引導(dǎo)從句，作動詞explaining的賓語。故填why。

【26題詳解】

考查定語從句。句意：英國衛(wèi)生安全局周一公布的數(shù)據(jù)顯示，在患不明原因肝炎后接受腺病毒檢測的英

國兒童中，有四分之三的兒童檢測結(jié)果呈陽性。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，空處引導(dǎo)限定性定語從句，修飾先行詞

children,先行詞指人，在從句中作主語，應(yīng)用who/that引導(dǎo)從句。故填who或that。

[27題詳解】

考查動詞時態(tài)。句意：截至4月21日，英國共記錄了111例這種疾病。April21表示“4月21日”，為

過去的時間，根據(jù)時間狀語byApril21可知，句子應(yīng)用過去完成時。故填hadrecorded。

【28題詳解】

考查代詞。句意：然而，在任何病例中均未檢測到通常導(dǎo)致急性病毒性肝炎的病毒。結(jié)合語意，任何一

個病例中都沒有檢測到通常導(dǎo)致急性病毒性肝炎的病毒，空處應(yīng)用代詞any,表示“任何一個”。故填

any。

[29題詳解】

考查情態(tài)動詞。句意：科學(xué)家們還正在調(diào)查腺病毒是否與先前的冠狀病毒感染或同時感染新冠病毒可能

是導(dǎo)致重型肝炎增加的原因。結(jié)合語意，此處表示可能性不大的推測，空處應(yīng)用情態(tài)動詞could,表示

“可能”。故填could。

【30題詳解】

考查非謂語動詞。句意：但衛(wèi)生官員已經(jīng)排除了傳統(tǒng)類型的肝炎病毒（從A型到E型）是疫情爆發(fā)的原

因，或者新冠肺炎疫苗接種是罪魁禍?zhǔn)椎目赡苄浴７治鼍渥咏Y(jié)構(gòu)，空處作非謂語動詞，應(yīng)用不定式形式

toblame修飾名詞thething,作后置定語。故填toblameo

SectionB

Directions:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.

Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.

A.signsB.significantC.supervisedD.declineE.involved

F.distinctG.justificationH.mappedI.mountingJ.hospitalizedK.

equivalent

Inastudycomparing46severeCOVID-19patientswith460matchedcontrols,researchersfoundthemental

impactsofsevereCOVID-19sixmonthslatercanbethe31toaging20years一goingfrom50to70

yearsold一orlosing10IQpoints.

'"Cognitiveimpairmentiscommontoawiderangeofneurologicaldisorders,includingdementia（癡呆），and

evenroutineaging,butthepatternswesaw一thecognitive4fingerprint9ofCOVID-19-was32fromall

ofthese,saysneuroscientistDavidMenonfromtheUniversityofCambridgeintheUK,whowasseniorauthor

ofthestudy.

Theexperimentinvolved46peoplewho'dgonetoAddenbrooke^HospitalinCambridgeasaresultof

COVID-19betweenMarchandJuly2020.Anaverageofsixmonthsaftertheirinfection,researchers33

themusingatestingtoolcalledCognitrontoseehowtheyweredoinginareassuchasmemory,attention,

reasoning,aswellasanxiety,depression,andpost-traumaticstressdisorder.

Theresearcherscomparedtheirresultsagainstamatchedcontrolgroupof460people.Theseresultswere

then34toseehowfartheydeviatedfromexpectedscoresfortheirageanddemographic（群體）,based

on66,008membersofthegeneralpublic.

Theresultsshowedthatthosewho'dsurvivedsevereCOVIDwerelessaccurateandhadslowerresponse

timesthanthegeneralpublic.

Themagnitudeofcognitivelosswassimilartotheeffectsofagingbetween50and70yearsofage-orlosing

10IQpoints.

Thesomewhatgoodnewsisthat,uponfollowup,thereweresome35ofrecovery一butitwas

gradualatbest."Wefollowedsomepatientsupaslateastenmonthsaftertheiracuteinfection,sowereabletosee

averyslowimprovement,9,saysMenon.

“Whilethiswasnotstatistically36,itisatleastheadingintherightdirection,butitisvery

possiblethatsomeoftheseindividualswillneverfullyrecover.

Thisstudyonlylookedatthemoreextremeendof37patients,butthereareplentyofotherstudies

showingthateven'mild'casescancausesimilarcognitiveimpacts.Whafsstillnotfullyunderstoodiswhyand

howtheSARS-CoV-2viruscausesthiscognitive38.

PreviousresearchhasshownthatduringsevereCOVID,thebraindecreasesglucose（葡萄糖）consumption

inthefrontoparietalnetwork（額頂網(wǎng)絡(luò)），whichis39inattention,problemsolving,andworking

memory.It?salsoknownthattheviruscandirectlyaffectthebrain.

Buttheresearcherssuggestthelikelyculpritisn'tdirectinfection,butacombinationoffactors:including

reducedoxygenorbloodsupplytothebrain;clottingofvessels;andmicroscopicbleeds.There'salso

40evidencethatthebody'sownimmuneandinflammatoryresponsemaybehavingasignificantimpact

onthebrain.

TheresearchhasbeenpublishedineClinicalMedicine.

【答案】31.K32.F33.C34.H35.A36.B37.J38.D39.E40.1

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文，主要講的是研究人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，6個月后嚴(yán)重的COVID-19對精神的影響相當(dāng)于

變老20歲——從50歲到70歲——或失去10個智商點。

[31題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：在一項將46名嚴(yán)重的COVID-19患者與460名匹配的對照組進行比較的研究中，研究

人員發(fā)現(xiàn)，6個月后嚴(yán)重的COVID-19對精神的影響相當(dāng)于變老20歲——從50歲到70歲——或失去10

個智商點。由“thementalimpactsofsevereCOVID-19sixmonths"和"aging20years一goingfrom50to70

yearsold—orlosing10IQpoints??可知，句子表示“6個月后嚴(yán)重的COVID-19對精神的影響相當(dāng)于變老

20歲——從50歲到70歲——或失去10個智商點”，空格處意為“對等的人（或事物）”作表語，故選

Ko

【32題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：該研究的資深作者、英國劍橋大學(xué)的神經(jīng)科學(xué)家大衛(wèi)?梅農(nóng)說：“認(rèn)知障礙在廣泛的

神經(jīng)疾病中很常見，包括癡呆癥，甚至是常規(guī)的衰老，但我們看到的模式一COVID-19的認(rèn)知，指

紋'與所有這些不同?！庇缮衔牡膗Cognitiveimpairmentiscommontoawiderangeofneurological

disorders”和but表轉(zhuǎn)折可知，此處表示“我們看到的模式——COVID-19的認(rèn)知'指紋'——與所有這

些不同”，空格處意為“不同的”作表語，是distinct,故選F。

【33題詳解】

考查時態(tài)。句意：在他們被感染平均六個月后，研究人員使用一種名為Cognitron的測試工具來監(jiān)督他

們，看看他們在記憶、注意力、推理以及焦慮、抑郁和創(chuàng)傷后應(yīng)激障礙等領(lǐng)域的表現(xiàn)。由“researchers”

和“themusingatestingtoolcalledCognitrontoseehowtheyweredoinginareassuchasmemory,attention,

reasoning,aswellasanxiety,depression,andpost-traumaticstressdisorder."可知，研究人員使用一種名為

Cognitron的測試工具來監(jiān)督那些被感染的人，空格處意為"監(jiān)督"，是supervise,時態(tài)用一般過去時，

故選C。

【34題詳解】

考查被動語態(tài)。句意：然后，這些結(jié)果被繪制成圖，以66,008名普通民眾為基礎(chǔ)，看看他們與自己年齡

和人口結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)期得分有多偏離。由后文的"toseehowfartheydeviatedfromexpectedscoresfortheirage

anddemographic（群體）,basedon66,008membersofthegeneralpublic”可知，這些結(jié)果被繪制成圖，看看

他們與自己年齡和人口結(jié)構(gòu)的預(yù)期得分有多偏離，空格處意為“繪制成圖”，是map,句子用被動語

態(tài)，空格處用過去分詞，故選H。

【35題詳解】

考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。句意：好消息是，隨后出現(xiàn)了一些復(fù)蘇的跡象一但充其量是漸進的。由后文的“were

abletoseeaveryslowimprovement”可知，隨后出現(xiàn)了一些復(fù)蘇的跡象，空格處是"跡象"，是sign,

some后用復(fù)數(shù)，故選A。

【36題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：”雖然這在統(tǒng)計上不顯著，但至少正朝著正確的方向發(fā)展，但其中一些人很可能永

遠(yuǎn)不會完全康復(fù)。"由"Whilethiswasnotstatistically"和"itisatleastheadingintherightdirection”可

知，雖然這在統(tǒng)計上不顯著，但至少正朝著正確的方向發(fā)展，空格處意為“顯著的”作表語，是

significant,故選B。

[37題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：這項研究只研究了住院患者中較為極端的人群，但也有很多其他研究表明，即使是

"輕微"的病例也會造成類似的認(rèn)知影響。由"patients"和"thereareplentyofotherstudiesshowingthat

even4mild9casescancausesimilarcognitiveimpacts可知，這項研究只研究了住院患者中較為極端的人

群，但也有很多其他研究表明，即使是“輕微”的病例也會造成類似的認(rèn)知影響，空格處意為“住院

的”,用hospitalized,故選J。

【38題詳解】

考查名詞。句意：目前尚不完全清楚的是，SARS-CoV-2病毒為什么以及如何導(dǎo)致這種認(rèn)知能力下降。根

據(jù)第六段的“Themagnitudeofcognitiveloss”可知，句子表示“SARS-CoV-2病毒為什么以及如何導(dǎo)致這

種認(rèn)知能力下降”，空格處意為“下降”，是名詞decline作賓語，故選D。

[39題詳解】

考查被動語態(tài)。句意：此前的研究表明，在COVID嚴(yán)重期間，大腦減少前額葉網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的葡萄糖消耗，該

網(wǎng)絡(luò)涉及注意力、解決問題和工作記憶。由"thebraindecreasesglucose（葡萄糖）consumptioninthe

frontoparietalnetwork（額頂網(wǎng)絡(luò)）”和^inattention,problemsolving,andworkingmemory可知，在

COVID嚴(yán)重期間，大腦減少前額葉網(wǎng)絡(luò)中的葡萄糖消耗，該網(wǎng)絡(luò)涉及注意力、解決問題和工作記憶，空

格處意為“涉及"，是beinvolvedin,故選E。

[40題詳解】

考查形容詞。句意：也有越來越多的證據(jù)表明，人體自身的免疫和炎癥反應(yīng)可能對大腦產(chǎn)生重大影響。

由“thebody'sownimmuneandinflammatoryresponsemaybehavingasignificantimpactonthebrain”可

知，有越來越多的證據(jù)表明，人體自身的免疫和炎癥反應(yīng)可能對大腦產(chǎn)生重大影響，空格處意為“越來

越多的”作定語，是mounting,故選I。

ID.ReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Foreachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarked

A,B,C,andD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.

Ifeconomistaresosmart,whyain'ttheyrich?

AfterIwroteanewsletterlastmonthonhoweconomists5viewsdifferfromthoseofordinarypeople,Igot

emailstotheeffectof,“Ifeconomistsaresosmart,whyain'ttheyrich?"I'mnotaneconomist,sothequestion

doesn't41me.Thepossibleexplanations,42,areinteresting一sometimesfunny,sometimes

kindofdeep.Herearefivetheories.

1.Economistsaren,ttryingtoberich.Alotofeconomistsgotoworkforinstitutionsofgovernmentand

highereducation.Youdon'tgotoworkforsuchemployersbecauseyou43tovastriches.Nobodyasks

Trappistmonkswhytheyaren'trich,becauseifsunderstoodthatgettingrichisnottheiraspiration.Economics

likewiseoffersrewardsbeyond44.

2.Economistsaretoogoodateconomics.Learningalittleeconomicsisusefulforalotof45

careers,frommanagementtobanking.WarrenBuffett,StevenCohen,KennethGriffin,HenryKravisandElon

Muskareamongthebillionaireswhohavebachelorormasterdegreesineconomics.The46islovingit

somuchthatyougetyourdoctorateandbecomeanimpoverishedpostdocorassistantprofessor.

3.Economistsaren'tactuallysmart.Idon't47thisone.Ithinkthateconomistsaresmart.Butsome

一notthegoodones一canbe48.Theyknowtheirsubspecialtieswellbutareweakonothers,suchas

economichistory.Theseeconomistshave49butnotwisdom.

4.Economistsare50bythe“efficientmarkethypothesis”.There?sajokeaboutayoung

economistwhobendsdowntopickupa$20billheseesonthesidewalk.Anoldercolleaguetellshimnotto

51becauseiftherewerereallya$20billthere,someonewouldhavepickeditupalready.Devotionto

theefficientmarkethypothesis一whichassumesthatpricesreflectallavailableinformation-52

economistsfromtryingtobeatthemarket,andthafswhytheynevergetrich.

5.Economistsdothinktheycanbeatthemarket,butthey'rewrong.Agreat53ofthisisLong-

TermCapitalManagement,aheraldedhedgefund（對沖基金）thatincludedapairofNobeleconomicslaureates,

RobertMertonandMyronScholes.It54inspectacularfashionin1998.

WarrenBuffett,despiteearningamasterofsciencedegreeineconomicsfromColumbiaUniversityin1951,

toldaCNBCinterviewerin2016,"Idon'tpayanyattentiontowhateconomistssay,frankly.^^Heis

55thateconomicsisn'tanidealwaytomakemoneyasaninvestor.Ontheotherhand,thafsnotwhat

ifsfor.Ifsascienceofmeansandends.Leteconomistsbeeconomists!

41.A.benefitB.annoyC.amazeD.sacrifice

42.A.thereforeB.moreoverC.thoughD.instead

43.A.aspireB.objectC.contributeD.appeal

44.A.challengeB.knowledgeC.imaginationD.money

45.A.profitableB.academicC.professionalD.competitive

46.A.meritB.opportunityC.mistakeD.shortage

47.A.opposeB.convinceC.buyD.confront

48.A.short-sightedB.well-roundedC.under-educatedD.narrow-minded

49.A.prospectsB.allowanceC.expertiseD.weaknesses

50.A.inspiredB.restrainedC.overwhelmedD.fueled

51.A.botherB.overlookC.initiateD.withdraw

52.A.bansB.distinguishesC.isolatesD.discourages

53.A.obstacleB.exampleC.highlightD.consequence

54.A.overtookrivalsB.wentbankruptC.reapedrewardsD.waslaunched

55.A.sophisticatedB.falseC.biasedD.right

【答案】41.B42.C43.A44.D45.A46.C47.C48.D49.C50.B51.

A52.D53.B54.B55.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇說明文。聰明的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并不富有，文章介紹了5個理論來解釋其原因。

[41題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：我不是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，所以這個問題并不會讓我生氣。A.benefit使受益；B.annoy

使惱怒；C.amaze使驚奇；D.sacrifice犧牲。根據(jù)上文"Ifeconomistsaresosmart,whyain'ttheyrich?”可

知，這一問題是對經(jīng)濟學(xué)家的質(zhì)疑，提問人暗示經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并不富有，所以他們并不聰明，這一問題會讓

真正的經(jīng)濟學(xué)家感到惱怒，作者不是不是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，所以這個問題并不會讓他生氣。故選B項。

【42題詳解】

考查副詞詞義辨析。句意：然而，可能解釋很有趣，有時搞笑，有時又有點深奧。A.therefore因此；

B.moreover止匕外；C.though不過，可是；D.instead代替。上文作者表達自己不是經(jīng)濟學(xué)家，這個問題不

會讓他生氣，他不在乎，但下文他提出這個問題的解釋很有趣，顯示出他的興趣，由不在乎到感興趣，

上下文有轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系。故選C項。

【43題詳解】

考查動詞詞義辨析。句意：你不會因為追求巨大的財富而去為這樣的雇主工作。A.aspire追求，渴望；B.

object反對;C.contribute捐贈；D.appeal呼吁。根據(jù)段首中心句"Economistsaren'ttryingtoberich."和

下文“NobodyasksTrappistmonkswhytheyaren'trich,becauseit'sunderstoodthatgettingrichisnottheir

aspiration."中與特拉普派僧侶的類比可知，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并不追求巨大的財富。故選A項。

【44題詳解】

考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：經(jīng)濟學(xué)同樣提供了金錢之外的獎勵。A.challenge挑戰(zhàn)；B.knowledge知識；

C.imagination想像；D.money錢。根據(jù)上文uTrappistmonkswhytheyaren'trich,becauseit'sunderstood

thatgettingrichisnottheiraspiration.J,和句中“l(fā)ikewise”可推知，與特拉普派僧侶一樣，經(jīng)濟學(xué)家并不追

求巨大的財富，而是在尋求超越金錢的其它獎勵。故