高考英語二輪復(fù)習 第一部分 題型專題方略 專題一 閱讀理解 第一講 細節(jié)理解題針對訓練-人教版高三英語試題

細節(jié)理解題(一)A(2016·遼寧五校聯(lián)考)WashingtonD．C.isNo.1Itisbestknownasacityofmonument.Inthemiddleoftrafficcirclesoronstreetcorners，you’llfindstatues，plaques(匾牌)，andsimpleblocksofmarblethere.TheyhonorthepeoplewhohelpedshapetheUS.AndonOct.20，LonelyPlanet，oneoftheworld’slargesttravelguides，namedWashingtonD．C.theNo.1cityinitslistof“BestinTravel2015”．“Theyear2015isafantasticyeartovisitWashingtonD．C.，”TomHall，editorialdirectorofLonelyPlanet，toldTheGuardian.“The150thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln’sassassination(暗殺)makesthisyearbigforWashingtonD．C.ThefamoustophatofAmerican’s16thpresidentandthegunthatfiredthedeadlyshotwillbeondisplay.Addthattoitsincredibleeats，performingartsandmuseums.Thenation’scapitalislookingbetterthanever.”Therearealotoffreemuseumsinthecity.WhenBritishscientistJamesSmithsondiedin1829，heleftawillgivinghismoneytotheUnitedStatestoopenamuseumatWashington，underthenameoftheSmithsonianInstitution.Ithasturnedouttobeawonderfulgift，andtheinstitutionnowcovers19museums.Andofcourse，noWashingtontouriscompletewithoutseeingtheWhiteHouse，theCapitol，andtheSupremeCourt，whicharehometothethreepillars(核心)oftheUSgovernment.ButthereismoretoexploreinthecenterofUSpower.Itisacityyoucanwalkacross，withwide-openavenues，oldneighborhoods，andriverviews.AndasUSA_Todaynotes，diversityisanotherreasonto“fallinlovewiththecity”．“ThereisalotofdiversityinWashingtonD．C.，seeninitspeople，itsneighborhoodsanditslandmarks.FromChinatowntoLittleEthiopia，visitingthenation’scapitalislikeseeingtheworldinonetrip，”saidthenewspaper.【解題導語】本文列舉種種理由力證華盛頓是2015年最值得旅游的地方。1．OneofthereasonswhyWashingtonD．C.isworthavisitin2015isthat________．A．foodandperformingartstherearemuchbetterthananywhereelseintheworldB．thetophatof15thpresidentofAmericawillbeonshowintheyear2015C．seeingthemuseumswillmakeyourtourinWashingtonD．C.completeD．thediversityofthecityoffersyouanopportunitytoseemoreinonetrip解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段中的“diversityisanotherreasonto‘fallinlovewiththecity’”和“FromChinatownto...inonetrip”可知，多元化的華盛頓可以讓你在一次旅行中看到更多，故選D項。2．Whichofthefollowingdetailsisrightaccordingtothearticle?A．The150thanniversaryofLincoln’sassassinationmakesthetourmoreworthwhile.B．ThefirstreasonwhyWashingtonD．C.isworthavisitisthatitisthecapitalofthecountry.C．LonelyPlanetdecidestomakeWashingtonD．C.amost-visitedplacein2015.D．AllthemuseumsinWashingtonD．C.werenamedaftertheSmithsonianInstitution.解析：選A。正誤判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的“The150thanniversaryofAbrahamLincoln’sassassination(暗殺)makesthisyearbigforWashingtonD．C.”可知，林肯被刺殺150周年紀念將成為華盛頓旅游的一大亮點，A項正確；B項文章中并未提到華盛頓值得一游的第一個原因是它是美國的首都；C項歪曲原文，《孤獨星球》的編輯主任介紹了2015年華盛頓的情況，但并不是他們決定讓華盛頓成為2015年最值得旅游的城市；D項說所有的博物館太過絕對。3．WhatisUSAToday，accordingtothelastparagraph?A．Awell-knowncompany.B．Anewspaper.C．Anadvancedinstitution.D．Awebsite.解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段“AndasUSA_Todaynotes...saidthenewspaper”可知，USAToday是一份報紙。B(2015·沈陽市教學質(zhì)量檢測)StandingdeskshavebecomecommonacrossSiliconValley，offeringhealthbenefitstothosewillingtoworkontheirfeet.However，duetotheirhighprice，theyhavefailedtocatchonuntilnow.Recently，IkeahasbroughtoutBekantconvertiblestandingdeskthatcanbecomeanormaldeskatthetouchofbutton.The$500adjustabledeskcantransformfromastandarddesktoastandingone，andIkeahopesitcouldmakethestandingdeskmainstream.Expertssaythatchangingfromaseatedtoastandingdeskcanimproveproductivity.SimilardeskshavebecomeacommonsightattechfirmssuchasGoogle，wheresomeemployeeshaveeveninstalledtreadmill(跑步機)andbicycledesks.Thedeskisnotthefirst“convertible”onthemarket.Asearlyas2013，StirKinectbroughtoutanadjustabledesk.The$3，890StirKinectdeskhasamotortoraiseandloweritself，convertingitintoastandingdeskoratraditionaldesk.Thedeskcanevenbeprogrammedtomoveupanddownslightly，makingitappeartotakeagentlebreathtoremindtheuserstochangetheirpositions.Tomovebetweensittingandstandingpositions，ownerssimplydoubletaponthescreen.Thedeskcanlearntheuser’spreferencesandsuggestthebestseatingposition.TheStirKinectdeskwascreatedbyateamofex-AppleandDisneyengineers.Ithasabuilt-intouchscreentocontrolandtrackmovement，andcantellusersexactlyhowmanycaloriestheyburnbystandingduringtheirworkingdays.ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones，tokeepcableshidden.“Ikea’sheight-adjustabledeskisgreatforopeningupthelowerendofthemarket，”saidJPLabrosse，founderandCEOofStirKinect.【解題導語】站立式辦公桌對人們的健康有益，但是它的價格高昂。最近，宜家公司推出了一種價格相對便宜的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的站立式辦公桌。4．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Ikeahasbroughtoutanadjustablestandingdesk.B．SiliconValleyC．Googleformeditstechfirmstodesignbicycledesks.D．TheStirKinectdeskwillbecomemainstreaminthemarket.解析：選A。主旨大意題。本文主要講述的是，Ikea(宜家公司)最近推出了一種價格相對便宜而且可調(diào)節(jié)高度的站立式辦公桌，故A項正確。5．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．BeforeBekantdesk，similaradjustabledeskshavebeenwidelyused.B．Theseateddeskswilltaketheplaceofthestandingdesksinthefuture.C．ComparedtotheStirKinectdesk，theBekantdeskismuchcheaper.D．TheadjustabledesksweredesignedbytheAppleandTheWaltDisneyCompany.解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段可知，theStirKinectdesk的價格是$3，890；根據(jù)第一段可知，theBekantdesk的價格是$500。由此可知，選C項。6．TheStirKinectdesk________．A．canbreatheinandbreatheoutbypressingthebuttononceB．canchargephonesbyusingadevicecontainingapowerpointC．cantellyouhowmanycaloriesyouneedforawalkD．canadviseyoutodomoreexerciseatapropertime解析：選B。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“ItalsohasdevicescontainingpowerpointsandUSBportsforchargingphones”可知，theStirKinectdesk上面有電源插座和USB端口，可以給手機充電，故B項正確。7．WhatcanweinferfromthelastsentencegivenbyJPLabrosse?A．Ikea’sadjustabledeskswillbepopularwithaveragepeople.B．Ikeawillhavetosellfurnitureatalowerpriceinthefuture.C．Thisheight-adjustabletablecanonlybefoundinIkea.D．ItisnotnecessaryforIkeatoopenupthemarketatall.解析：選A。推理判斷題。最后一段JPLabrosse所講的話的意思是：宜家公司所推出的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的辦公桌能很好地打開低端市場。由此可推斷，宜家公司的可調(diào)節(jié)高度的辦公桌將會受到普通人的歡迎，故A項正確。C(2015·廣西南寧市第二次適應(yīng)性測試)LSESummerSchool，locatedintheheartofLondon，isthelargestuniversitysummerschoolinEurope.Ourcoursesaresuitableforthosewhoareat，orareabouttostartuniversity.OurschoolwillbeginacceptingapplicationsinMarch2015.CoursesAccounting，F(xiàn)inance，Law，Economics，BusinessandInternationalRelations.DatesSessionOne:6-26July;SessionTwo:27July-14August.RatesThestudentrateThestandardrateOneSession￡1，775￡2，500BothSessions￡2，975￡4，250?Thestudentrateappliestoallfull-timestudentswhoarestudyingatauniversityorcollegeanywhereintheworld.?Accommodationisnotincluded.?Inaddition，a￡50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication.Applicant_requirementsIfyouhavestudiedintheUK，youdon’tneedanyadditionalEnglishqualifications.Studentsfromothercountrieswillgenerallynotrequireavisatostudyatourschool.However，youwillentertheUKasa“StudentVisitor”．Coursechangesarepermittedbeforethestartoftheprogrammeandwithinthreedaysofthesession.Contact_hours_and_teaching_methodsLSESummerSchoolcoursesarefull-timeandnormallyconsistof48hoursoverthethree-weekperiod，takingtheformof36hoursoflecturesand12hoursofclasses.Lectures，attendedbyallstudents，takeplaceineitherthemorningorafternoonsupplementedbysmallone-hourclassesofapproximately15students.Assessment_and_examinationsAssessmentforLSESummerSchoolisbasedontheresultsofeithertwowrittenexaminations，orafinalwrittenexaminationandassessedwork.Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript.Ifyouhaveanyquestions，pleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus.【解題導語】本文對LSE暑期學校的課程、費用、申請要求等方面進行了介紹，以吸引更多的學生前來學習。8．Youwillprobablyfindthepassage________．A．inamagazine B．inanewspaperC．inatextbook D．onawebsite解析：選D。推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章的最后一段“Ifyouhaveanyquestions，pleaseclickheretoseeourfrequentlyaskedquestionsorcontactus”可知，此文可以在網(wǎng)上看到，即D項正確。9．Accordingtothetext，Jack，afull-timestudentinLondon，willatleastpay________forhisone-sessionprogrammeinLSESummerSchool.A．￡1，775 B．￡1，825C．￡2，500 D．￡2，550解析：選B。數(shù)字計算題。根據(jù)表格可知：一個學期的學費至少為1775英鎊，又根據(jù)下文的“Inaddition，a￡50applicationfeemustbepaidwhensubmittingyourapplication”可知，杰克至少要花費1825英鎊，即B項正確。10．Fromthetextwelearnthat________．A．studentsmayhavelecturesatnightattimesB．thetwoprogrammesareonlydesignedforforeignstudentsC．studentswhohavepassedtherequiredexaminationswillgetacertificateD．a(chǎn)visaandfluentspokenEnglisharerequiredtostudyinLSESummerSchool解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Assessment_and_examinations下的“Examinationsarerequiredandnoexceptioncanbemadeforanyreason.Successfulstudentsareawardedacertificateandtranscript”可知，通過考試的孩子可以拿到證書，即C項正確。11．Forwhatpurposeisthetextwritten?A．AttractingstudentstoattendtheprogrammesinLSESummerSchool.B．IntroducingsomefamousteachersandcoursesinLSESummerSchool.C．GettingstudentstoknowmoreabouttheprogrammesintheUK.D．OfferingsomecheapercoursesforstudentsfromtheUK.解析：選A。寫作意圖題。綜合全文，不難看出本文是一篇廣告，旨在吸引學生參加LSE暑期學校的項目，即A項正確。(二)A(2016·河北省七校聯(lián)考)Name：OfftheBeatenPathCoverprice：$30.00Ourprice：$19.80TheReader’sDigesttravelbookhas40%newcontentsincludingover200newsites，over200newfull-colorphotographs，andall-new，up-to-datemaps.Itspotlightsover1，000oftheUnitedStates’mostoverlookedmust-seedestinations.Name：ContainerCoverprice：$15.95Ourprice：$9.49Auniquebookcontains50easy-to-followcontainerdesigns.Eachdesignprovidesasimplenumberedplantingplanthatshowsexactlyhowtocreateeachdisplay，withaninstructionofthefinishedplanterandin-depth(深入的)plantinformation.Theplansareeasytofollowandforanytypeoflivingspaceorgarden.Name：BestWeekendProjectsCoverprice：$17.95Ourprice：$13.96Choosefrom80uniqueideastocreateanextraordinarylivingspace.Theprojectsarepractical，aswellasattractive，andwillimproveyourhomeandyardandcanbemadeinaweekend.These80well-designedprojectsarepresentedinaclear，easy-to-followstylethataddressesreadersinanaccessible，user-friendlytone.Name：1801HomeRemediesCoverprice：$40.00Ourprice：$29.96Plentyofhealthcomplaintscanbehandledathome.Eachandeveryremedywillbetestedbyadoctortomakesureitissafeandsound.Dozensofconditionsarecovered，fromheadaches，sunburn，badbreath，blisters(水泡)，allergies，tohiccups(打嗝)．【解題導語】本文主要介紹了四本實用的書。1．Youcanmostprobablyreadthepassageina________．A．referencebook B．travelguideC．newspaper D．textbook解析：選C。文章出處題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了四本實用的書，只有報紙較全面，故選C項。2．WhatmakesOfftheBeatenPathdifferentfromotherbooks?A．Itisthemostpopularbook.B．Itdoesn’tofferadiscount.C．Itcontainscolorfulpictures.D．Itfocusesonpeople’sdailylife.解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章對第一本書的介紹可知，該書中有200多個新的景點，200多幅新的彩色照片和最新的地圖，故選C項。3．Whichbookoffersthebiggestdiscount?A．OfftheBeatenPathB．1801HomeRemediesC．BestWeekendProjectsD．ContainerGardensby解析：選D。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文中提供的四本書的“Coverprice”和“Ourprice”價格計算比較可知，ContainerGardensbyNumber打折最多，故選D項。B(2016·河南洛陽市高三統(tǒng)一考試)Allovertheworldmothersandfathersteachtheirchildrenmanners.Otherchildrenmayhavemannersthatarenotlikeyours.Thereareallkindsofmanners.Manyyearsago，childrenwhohadgoodmannerswereseenandnotheard.Theykeptquitequietifgrown-upsweretalking.Today，well-manneredchildrenhavemorefreedom.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.SupposeyouareavisitorinthelandofMongolia.Somefriendsaskyoutoeatwiththem.Whatkindofmannersdotheywantyoutohave？Theywantyoutogivealoud“burp(打嗝)”afteryoufinisheating.Burpingwouldshowthatyoulikeyourfood.Insomecountries，ifyougivealoudburp，youaretoldtosay，“Excuseme，please.”Inmanyplacespeopleliketoeattogether.ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseeneatingtogether.Peopleshowgoodmannersbyturningtheirbackstootherswhiletheyeat.WhataremannerslikeinanEastAfricantown？Peopletrynottoseeyou.Theyarebeingpolite.Youmayseeafriend.Hemaynotseeyouatall.Ifyouarepolite，youwillsitdownbesidehim.Youwillwaituntilhefinisheswhatheisdoing.Thenhewilltalktoyou.SupposeyouvisitafriendinArabia.Youshouldwalkbehindtheothertentsuntilyoucometohistent.Ifyoupassinfrontoftheothertents，youwillbeaskedintoeachone.Peoplewillaskyoutoeatwiththem.Anditisbadmannersifyousayno.Mannersaredifferentallovertheworld.Butitisgoodtoknowthatallmannersbegininthesameway.Peopleneedwaystoshowthattheywanttobefriends.【解題導語】不同時代、不同地域、不同國家有不同的禮儀，在某個地方得體的禮儀未必在另一個地方也適合。4.Peopleturntheirbackstootherswhiletheyeatinsomeplacesin________．A．Mongolia B．a(chǎn)nEastAfricantownC．Polynesia D．Arabia解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段中的“ButinsomepartsofPolynesiaitisbadmannerstobeseen...whiletheyeat”可知，在波利尼西亞的部分地方，人們吃飯時背對他人被認為是有禮貌的。5.InanEastAfricantown，peopletrynottoseeyou.Thisisbecause________．A．theyarenotyourfriendsB．theydon’twanttotalkwithyouC．itisgoodmannersD．theyarewaitingforyoutotalkwiththem解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第七段中的“Theyarebeingpolite”可知，C項正確。6.Sometimesgoodmannersinoneplacearebadmannersinotherplaces.Whichshouldbeasupportingparagraphtotheidea?A．Thefirstone. B．Thesecondone.C．Thesixthone. D．Thethirdone.解析：選C。細節(jié)理解題。文章第六段提到“有些地方人們喜歡在一起吃飯，然而在波利尼西亞的一些地區(qū)被人看到在一起吃飯是不禮貌的”可知，C項正確。7．Thebesttitleofthepassageshouldbe“________”．A．SomebadmannersB．DifferentkindsofmannersC．TheimportanceofmannersD．Somegoodmanners解析：選B。標題判斷題。綜合全文可知，本文講述了不同地區(qū)的不同禮儀，因此B項正確。C(2016·云南省第一次聯(lián)考)Ifhacking(黑客侵入)taughtusanythingin2014，it’sactuallynothing.ThepasswordmanagementfirmSplashDatareleaseditslistoftheworstpasswordsoftheyearandit’sjustasterribleasyou’dthink.Themostcommonleakedpasswordin2014was“123456”followedby“password”—bothtoppedthelisttheyearbefore，too.Whilenumberswereaspopularaseveraspasswords，sportstermslike“baseball”and“football”wereusedmoreoften.Birthdayyearswerecommontoo(especially1989，1990，1991and1992)andnameslike“Michael”，“Jennifer”and“Hunter”werealsoamongthetop100worstpasswordsof2014.Here’salookatthetop10worstpasswordsoftheyear：1.123456(Unchangedfrom2013)2.password(Unchanged)3.12345(Up17)4.12345678(Down1)5.qwerty(Down1)6.234567890(Unchanged)7．baseball(New)8.dragon(New)9.football(New)10.monkey(New)Thisyear’sworstpasswordsarepainfullyweak，butwhatwereonceconsideredcleverpasswordstrategies—usingsymbols，capitalization，thenumber3inplaceoftheletter“e”—areoldtricks.It’snowrecommendedtopickadifferentpasswordforeachaccountyouuse—youwouldn’tus