重慶市烏江新高考協(xié)作體2023-2024學(xué)年高二年級上冊開學(xué)英語試題（解析版）

2023-2024學(xué)年高二（下）期初（開學(xué)）學(xué)業(yè)質(zhì)量聯(lián)合調(diào)研抽測

英語試題

（分?jǐn)?shù)：150分，時間：120分鐘）

第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）

做題時先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到

答題卡上。

第一節(jié)（共5小題：每小題L5分，滿分7?5分）

聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選

項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒鐘的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀

下一小題。每段對話僅讀一遍。

1.Whatdidthemanbuyforhisfather?

A.Ahat.B.Acard.C.Ashirt.

2.HowwillTomknowiftheschooliscanceled?

A.Byaskinghismother.

B.Bywatchingthesnow.

C.BycheckingtheTVnews.

3.Wherewasthemanbom?

A.InAmerica.B.InEngland.C.InCanada.

4.Whatdoesthemanmean?

A.Annamaynothavetime.

B.Annaisatherbrother'shouse.

C.Annashouldinvitehimtodinner.

5.Whatdoesthemanthinkofthemusicfestivalthisyear?

A.Ifstoofaraway.B.Ifstooexpensive.C.Ifstoocrowded.

第二節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）

聽下面5段對話或獨(dú)白。每段對話或獨(dú)白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中

選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，

每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。

聽下面一段對話，回答第6至第7兩個小題。

6.HowmanyfiftiesdidFredstartwith?

A.Two.B.Five.C.Ten.

7.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?

A.Inabank.B.Inamathclass.C.Inagrocerystore.

聽下面一段對話，回答第8至第10三個小題。

8.Whoinvitedthewomantotheparty?

A.Michael.B.Michaefssister.C.Michael'sbrother.

9.WhatisthemangoingtogetforMichael?

A.AnewCDplayer.B.Somerecords.C.Severalbaseballcards.

10.Whycan'tthewomandecidewhattogetforMichael?

A.Sheforgetswhathelikes.

B.Sheonlyhasalittlemoney.

C.Shedoesn'tknowhimwell.

聽下面一段對話，回答第11至第13三個小題。

11.WhatwillJudydothisafternoon?

A.SendPeterabrochure.B.Designsomemodels.C.Attendameeting.

12.WhydoesPetermakethephonecall?

A.Toordersomemachines.

B.Toaskforcoloredpictures.

C.Tochangethedeliverytime.

13.Whenwillthespeakerssigntheagreement?

A.Thisevening.B.Tomorrowmorning.C.Atnoontomorrow.

聽下面一段對話，回答第14至第17四個小題。

14.Whoisthewoman?

ATheman'swife.B.Theman'sdoctor.C.Theman'spersonaltrainer.

15.Whatdoesthemanwanttodo?

A.Joinabasketballteam.B.Organizeasportsteam.C.Teachhighschoolsports.

16.Whatdoesthewomanadvisethemantodofirst?

A.Stopeatingicecream.

B.Haveamedicalexamination.

C.Eatmorefruitandvegetables.

17.Whydoesthewomansuggestthemanexercisemore?

A.Toloseweight.

B.Topreventaheartattack.

C.Tostrengthenhismuscles.

聽下面一段獨(dú)白，回答第18至第20三個小題。

18.Howdidtheoldwoman'scookiesbecomefamous?

A.Shestartedagoodcookiebusiness.

B.Shegavethemtochildrenforfree.

C.Shebakedtheminaspecialkitchen.

19.Whydidthechildrenhelptheoldwomanatfirst?

A.Theoldwomanwastoobusy.

B.Theirparentswantedthemtodoso.

C.Theywantedtogetsomeexperience.

20.Whatdidthechildrendowhentheoldwomangotsick?

A.Theycookedfoodforher.

B.Theytookturnslookingafterher.

C.Theysoldcookiestopaythedoctor.

第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）

第一節(jié)（共15小題：每小題1.5分，滿分37.5分）

閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個選項中選出最佳選項。

A

Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucialroleinincreasingawareness

aboutthosebooks.Butifstooeasytobetrickedintobad""advertisingopportunities^^andmakethewrong

decisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.

Facebookadvertising:Facebookprovidestheperfectadvertisingplatformforauthorsbecauseitallows

targetingveryspecificcategoriesofpeople.Theotheradvantageisthatit'seasytotest.Youcanstartwitha

budgetaslowas$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary（貨幣的）commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentis

positive.

Amazonadvertising:Amazonallowsyoutoshowadsaboutyourbookdirectlyonotherbookpagesand

searchresultpages.SincetheirmainUSrolloutin2017,they'vebecomethemosteffectiveadvertisingplacefor

authors.

Bookbubadvertising:Bookbubrolledoutaself-serveadplatformin2016,whichthey'vegreatlyimproved

since.IfsalesscompetitiveplayingfieldthanFacebookorAmazon,butitdoeshaveitsfeatures.

Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou'rerunningadiscountorfreepromotionononeofyourbooks,you

canapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,Bargainbooksy,etc.

Othertypesofadvertisingincludesearchadvertising,Goodreadsadvertising,banneradsonwebsites,etc.

Thesehaven'tproducedthesameeffectiveresultsformostauthorsyet,buttheycouldbejustaseffective（or

more）ifyouwriteinacertainfield.

1.WhatisspecialabouttheFacebookadvertising?

A.Itiseasyforauthorstoaccess.

B.Itaimsatsavingmoneyforreaders.

C.Itallowsadjustinginvestmentbyprofit.

D.Itincludesdifferentcategoriesofinformation.

2.Whichissuitabletopromoteyourbookwithadiscount?

A.Facebook.B.Amazon.C.Bookbub.D.Freebooksy.

3.Whatisthepurposeofthetext?

A.Togetreaderstobuymorebooks.

B.Toraisepeople'sreadingawareness.

C.Toofferauthorsadvertisingplatforms.

D.Tohelppublisherscommunicatewithreaders.

【答案】l.C2.D3.C

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章主要介紹了幾種在書籍推廣中常用的幾種廣告形式，并詳細(xì)描述了每種

廣告形式的特點和優(yōu)勢，以及如何使用它們來提高書籍的知名度和銷售量。

【1題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段"Theotheradvantageisthatit'seasytotest.Youcanstartwithabudgetaslowas

$5andgraduallyincreaseyourmonetary（貨幣的）commitmentifyourreturnoninvestmentispositive.（另——個優(yōu)

點是它很容易測試。你可以從低至5美元的預(yù)算開始，如果你的投資回報是積極的，你可以逐漸增加你的

資金投入。）”可知，F(xiàn)acebook的廣告很容易測試，可以從低預(yù)算開始，如果回報很好，就可以增加資金投

入。故選C。

【2題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段"Discount/promotionadvertising:Ifyou'rerunningadiscountorfreepromotion

ononeofyourbooks,youcanapplytohaveitadvertisedinthenewslettersofplatformssuchasFreebooksy,

Bargainbooksy,etc.（折扣/促銷廣告：如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免費(fèi)促銷，你可以申請在

Freebooksy>Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。）”可知，如果你正在對你的某本書進(jìn)行折扣或免

費(fèi)促銷，你可以申請在Freebooksy、Bargainbooksy等平臺的新聞通訊中做廣告。故選D。

【3題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第——段"Thousandsofbooksarepublisheddaily,andbookadvertisementsplayacrucial

roleinincreasingawarenessaboutthosebooks.Butifstooeasytobetrickedintobad"'advertisingopportunities^^

andmakethewrongdecisions.Hereareseveralformsofdigitaladvertisingproventoworkwell.（每天都有成千上

萬的書出版，圖書廣告在提高人們對這些書的認(rèn)識方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。但是，很容易被欺騙到糟糕

的“廣告機(jī)會”，并做出錯誤的決定。以下是幾種行之有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。）”可知，文章主要提供了一

些有效的數(shù)字廣告形式。故選C。

B

Asfarasweknowbatteriesareplayinganimportantroleinourlife.Wecouldn'tlivewithoutbatteries.Why

so?Batteriesprovidepowerforanythingfromsmallsensorstolargesystems.Whilescientistsarefindingwaysto

makethemsmallerbutevenmorepowerful,problemscanarisewhenthesebatteriesaremuchlargerandheavier

thanthedevicesthemselves.UniversityofMissouri（MU）researchersaredevelopinganuclearenergysourcethat

issmaller,lighterandmoreefficient.

“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity（密度）”,saidJaeKwon,assistant

professorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU."Theradioisotope（放射性同位素）batterycanprovide

powerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.^^

Kwonandhisresearchteamhavebeenworkingonbuildingasmallnuclearbattery,presentlythesizeand

thicknessofapenny,intendedtopowervariousmicro/nanoelectromechanrealsystems（M/NEMS）.Although

nuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.

“Peoplebeartheword'nuclear'andthinkofsomethingverydangerous,hesaid,"'However,nuclearpower

sourceshavealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwater

systems.

Hisnewideaisnotonlyinthebattery'ssize,butalsoinitssemiconductor（半導(dǎo)體）.Kwon'sbatteryusesa

liquidsemiconductorratherthanasolidsemiconductor.

“Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvesttheenergy,partoftheradiationenergy

candamagethelatticestructure（晶體結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwonsaid,“Byusingaliquid

semiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem.

TogetherwithJ.DavidRobertson,chemistryprofessorandassociatedirectoroftheMUResearchReactor,

Kwonisworkingtobuildandtestthebattery.Inthefuture,theyhopetoincreasethebattery'spower,shrinkitssize

andtrywithvariousothermaterials.Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhumanhair.

4.Accordingtoparagraph1and2,wecanlearnthat.

A.batteriescanonlypowersmallsensors

B.thelargerbatteriesare,themorepowertheycanprovide

C.JaeKwonisworkinghardtoimprovechemicalbatteries

D.certainmethodswithhighenergydensitycanprovidepowerabundantly

5.JaeKwongaveexamplesinParagraph4.

Atointroducevariousenergysources

B.todescribeanuclear-poweredsystem

C.tointroducenuclearbatteriescanbesafelyused

D.toshowchemicalbatteriesarewidelyapplied

6.Liquidsemiconductorisusedto.

A.getridoftheradioactivewasteB.declinethedamagetolatticestructure

C.testthepowerofnuclearbatteriesD.decreasethesizeofnuclearbatteries

7.AccordingtoJaeKwon,hisnuclearbattery.

A.couldbeextremelythinB.willsoonreplacethepresentoneshas

C.usesasolidsemiconductorD.passedthefinaltest

【答案】4.D5.C6.B7.A

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了Kwon和他的研究團(tuán)隊一直致力于建造一個小型核電池，并

且解釋了它的關(guān)鍵部件以及對核電池的安全推測和預(yù)測。

【4題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Toprovideenoughpower,weneedcertainmethodswithhighenergydensity（密

度）”,saidJaeKwon,assistantprofessorofelectricalandcomputerengineeringatMU."Theradioisotope（放射性

同位素）batterycanprovidepowerdensitythatismuchhigherthanchemicalbatteries.^^（MU電子與計算機(jī)工程

助理教授JaeKwon說：“為了提供足夠的能量，我們需要某些具有高能量密度的方法?！狈派湫酝凰?/p>

電池可以提供比化學(xué)電池高得多的功率密度。"）”可知，某些能量密度高的方法可以提供充足的能量。

故選D項。

[5題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段最后一■句"Althoughnuclearbatteriescancauseconcerns,Kwonsaid,theyaresafe.

（Kwon說，雖然核能電池會引起擔(dān)憂，但它們是安全的。）”和第四段中"However,nuclearpowersources

havealreadybeensafelypoweringavarietyofdevices,suchaspace-makers,spacesatellitesandunderwater

systems.（然而，核動力源已經(jīng)安全地為各種設(shè)備提供動力，如起搏器、太空衛(wèi)星和水下系統(tǒng)。）”可知，

Kwon在第四段舉例子是為了說明核電池可安全使用。故選C項。

【6題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第六段"Thekeypartofusingaradioactivebatteryisthatwhenyouharvestthe

energy,partoftheradiationenergycandamagethelatticestructure（晶體結(jié)構(gòu)）ofthesolidsemiconductor,Kwon

said,“Byusingaliquidsemiconductor,webelievewecanminimizethatproblem."（"使用放射性電池的關(guān)鍵

是，當(dāng)你收集能量時，部分輻射能會破壞固體半導(dǎo)體的晶格結(jié)構(gòu)，”Kwon說，“通過使用液體半導(dǎo)體，

我們相信我們可以最大限度地減少這個問題。"）"可知，液態(tài)半導(dǎo)體是被用來減少對晶格結(jié)構(gòu)的損害。

故選B項。

【7題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章最后一段中“Kwonsaidthatbatterycouldbethinnerthanthethicknessofhuman

hair.（Kwon表示，電池可能比人的頭發(fā)還薄。）”可知，他的核電池可能非常薄。故選A項。

C

Intheannalsofhumanhistory,fewsubjectshavegeneratedasmuchexcitement,debate,andguessas

artificialintelligence（AI）.Thisrevolutionarytechnology,whichenablesmachinestoperformtasksthatonce

requiredhumanintelligence,hasthepotentialtotransformeverypartofoursociety,fromhealthcareandfinance

totransportationandentertainment.

Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedintoalgorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,

allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmakedecisions.This“machineleaming^^isthe

drivingforcebehindmanyoftheAIapplicationsweseetoday,fromvirtualassistantslikeSiriandAlexatomore

advancedsystemslikeIBM'sWatson,whichcananalyzevastamountsofinformationtoassistdoctorsin

diagnosingdiseases.

ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,forinstance,AIcanassistinearly

detectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.Infinance,algorithmscan

predictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.Intransportation,self-drivingcars

equippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,andtransformurbanlandscapes.

However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhascauseddebatesaboutisethical

implications（道德含義）.Themachinesareonlyasgoodasthedatatheyarefed,andthere?sagrowingconcern

aboutbiases（偏見）beingbuiltintoAIsystems.Forinstance,facialrecognitiontechnologies,usedineverything

fromunlockingphonestopolicemonitoringcameras,havecomeundercheckformisidentifyingindividualsbased

onraceorgender.

Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificantjobdisplacement.Whilenewrolesand

industriesmightemergeasaresultofAI,itisnotsurethatthesewillpayoffthejobslost.Thiscouldincrease

incomeinequalitiesandcausesdifficultiestosocialsystems.

Anothermajorconcernisthe"blackbox“natureofAI.ManyAIsystemsoperateinwaysthateventheir

creatorsdon'tfullyunderstand.Thiscanbeproblematic,especiallyincriticalapplicationslikehealthcareor

criminaljusticewhereunderstandingthelogicbehindadecisionisimportant.

Thenthere9sthepotentialforAItobeweaponized.Inthehandsofevilactors,AIcouldbeusedtospread

misinformation,controlpublicopinion,orevenengageininternetwarfare.Theglobalcommunitymustcome

togethertosetstandardsandregulationstopreventsuchmisuse.

Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtherightframeworksandinvestingineducation

andretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.Byfostering（促進(jìn)）acultureofcontinuous

learningandstayingabreast（并排的，并肩的）oftechnologicaladvancements,societycanbenefitfromthe

promiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.

Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofoundinventionsofourtime.Whileitoffers

vastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,mustwelcome.Aswestandatthis

technologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasabenefitoraharmforhumanity.

8.Whichofthefollowingbestdescribesthemethodbywhichmachinesacquirethecapabilitytoperformtasks

thattraditionallyrequiredhumanintelligence?

A.Byprogrammingpredefinedrules.

B.Throughuserinteractionseveryday.

C.Byingestingandprocessingvastamountsofdata.

D.Viaregularsoftwareupdatesfromdevelopers.

9.Inthecontextofthearticle,howdoestheauthorprimarilydemonstratetheeffectofartificialintelligence?

A.Bycitingnumerousstatisticaldata.

B.BypresentingboththepositivepotentialandthechallengesofAI.

C.Throughpersonalexperiences.

D.ByfocusingonthenegativeeffectsofAL

10.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitle?

A.TheRiseofVirtualAssistants:SiriandAlexa

B.UnderstandingtheMechanismsBehindAIAlgorithms

C.ArtificialIntelligence:ChartingtheCourseforTomorrow'sTech

D.BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModemSociety

11.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?

A.AIhasalreadyreplacedmosthumanjobsandistheleadingcauseofunemployment.

B.TheglobalcommunityhastakenmeasurestopreventAImisuse.

C.TheoperationofmanyAIsystemsiseasilyunderstoodbytheircreators.

D.ThesolvingtothedilemmabroughtbyAIneedscollectiveeffortsofoursociety.

【答案】8.C9.B10.D11.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇議論文。文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制

定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓(xùn)，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時避免潛在的危險。

【8題詳解】

細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Atitsheart,AIisallaboutdata.Massiveamountsofdataarefedinto

algorithmsthatlearnfromthisdata,allowingthemtomakepredictions,recognizepatterns,andevenmake

decisions.（人工智能的核心是數(shù)據(jù)。大量的數(shù)據(jù)被輸入到算法中，從這些數(shù)據(jù)中學(xué)習(xí)，使它們能夠做出預(yù)

測，識別模式，甚至做出決策。）”可知，機(jī)器獲得執(zhí)行傳統(tǒng)上需要人類智能的任務(wù)的能力的方法是通過

攝取和處理大量數(shù)據(jù)。故選C。

【9題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“ThetransformativepotentialofAIisundeniable.Inthemedicalfield,for

instance,AIcanassistinearlydetectionofdiseases,predictpatientoutcomes,andevensuggesttreatmentoptions.

Infinance,algorithmscanpredictstockmarkettrends,andprovidepersonalizedfinancialadvice.In

transportation,self-drivingcarsequippedwithAIsystemspromisetoreduceaccidents,easetrafficjams,and

transformurbanlandscapes.（人工智能的變革潛力是不可否認(rèn)的。例如，在醫(yī)療領(lǐng)域，人工智能可以幫助早

期發(fā)現(xiàn)疾病，預(yù)測患者的預(yù)后，甚至提出治療方案。在金融領(lǐng)域，算法可以預(yù)測股票市場趨勢，并提供

個性化的理財建議。在交通方面，配備人工智能系統(tǒng)的自動駕駛汽車有望減少事故，緩解交通擁堵，并

改變城市景觀。）“、第四段"However,withgreatpotentialcomesgreatresponsibility.TheriseofAIhas

causeddebatesaboutisethicalimplications（道德含義）.（然而,潛力越大，責(zé)任越大。人工智能的興起引發(fā)

了關(guān)于其道德含義的爭論。）”、第五段"Moreover,thewidespreadadoptionofAIcouldleadtosignificant

jobdisplacement.（止匕外，人工智能的廣泛應(yīng)用可能會導(dǎo)致大量的工作崗位流失。）”以及第六段“Another

majorconcernisthe"blackbox"natureofAI.（另一個主要問題是人工智能的“黑匣子"性質(zhì)。）”可推知，

作者通過展示人工智能的積極潛力和挑戰(zhàn)來論證人工智能的影響。故選B。

【10題詳解】

主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Inconclusion,artificialintelligencestandsasoneofthemostprofound

inventionsofourtime.Whileitoffersvastopportunities,italsoposessignificantchallengesthatwe,asasociety,

mustwelcome.Aswestandatthistechnologicalcrossroads,ourchoiceswilldeterminewhetherAIservesasa

benefitoraharmforhumanity」總之，人工智能是我們這個時代最深刻的發(fā)明之一。雖然它提供了巨大的機(jī)

會，但它也帶來了我們作為一個社會必須歡迎的重大挑戰(zhàn)。當(dāng)我們站在這個技術(shù)的十字路口時，我們的選

擇將決定人工智能對人類是有益還是有害。）”可知，文章主要講述了人工智能的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)。作者呼吁全

球社區(qū)共同努力，通過制定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和規(guī)定，投資教育和再培訓(xùn)，以確保AI的潛力得到最大限度的利用，同時

避免潛在的危險。由此可知，D項：BalancingthePotentialandchallengesofAIinModernSociety（平衡人工

智能在現(xiàn)代社會中的潛力和挑戰(zhàn)）是最好的標(biāo)題。故選D。

【11題詳解】

推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Onthebrighterside,manyexpertsbelievethatbysettingtheright

frameworksandinvestingineducationandretraining,wecanusethepowerofAIforthegreatergood.By

fostering（促進(jìn)）acultureofcontinuouslearningandstayingabreast（并排的，并肩的）oftechnological

advancements,societycanbenefitfromthepromiseofAIwhileavoidingitspotentialdangers.（從好的方面來

看，許多專家認(rèn)為，通過建立正確的框架，投資于教育和再培訓(xùn)，我們可以利用人工智能的力量為更大

的利益服務(wù)。通過培養(yǎng)一種持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的文化和跟上技術(shù)進(jìn)步的步伐，社會可以從人工智能的前景中受

益，同時避免其潛在的危險。）”可知，解決人工智能帶來的困境需要我們社會的共同努力。故選D。

D

Frozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-oldwhale,theheaviest

animalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.Paleontology（古生物學(xué)）produces

newsworthydiscoveries.

Fossils（化石），moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotest

hypotheses《發(fā)設(shè)）aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.Theyallowinvestigationofpresentandpastlifeon

Earth.Flowsofbiologicaldiversity,appearancesofnewlifeformsandtheextinctionsoflongexistingones,would

goundiscoveredwithouttheseefforts.Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrue

importanceofpaleontology.Itsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeon

Earth.Fromitsbeginnings,morethanthreebillionyearsago,tothepresentday,fossilsrecordhowlifeadaptedor

disappearedinthefaceofmajorenvironmentalchallenges.

Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodernclimatechange.Theyplayanessentialrolein

interpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsandclimates.Fossilsprovidekey

limitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimatechange.Andthefossilrecordgives

importantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimateconditions,becausethesehaveoccurred

beforeinEarth'shistory.

Inaddition,paleontologyhasprovidedafundamentalcontributiontohumanthought:therealityofspecies

extinctionandthusofaworldthathasdramaticallychangedovertime.Indocumentingthehistoryoflife,

paleontologistsrecognizedthatmanyextinctionepisodescouldoccursuddenly,suchastheevent66millionyears

agothatendedthedinosaurs.Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfrom

acrossthescientificspectrum（科學(xué)界），focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.

Notonlydopaleontologistsknowwhathappenstolifewhenthingsgobad,theyalsoknowhowlongittakes

forecosystemsandbiodiversitytorecoverfromthesedisasters,whichcantakefarlongerthanmodemhumanshave

existed.

Paleontologiststhusprovideauniqueperspectiveonthenatureandfuturelong-termecologicalimpactofthe

currenthuman-producedbiodiversitycrisis,theso-calledSixthExtinction,andthereforetheimportanceof

protectingmodernbiodiversity.TheveryconceptofaSixthExtinctionwouldnotexistwithoutpaleontologists

documentingthefirstfive.

Paleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife'spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife'sand

humanity'sfuture.Paleontologyisimportantbecauseitbringsitsuniqueandcriticalperspectivetocurrent

challengesinclimatechange,biodiversitylossandtheenvironment.Paleontologistscanpredictthefuturebecause

theyknowthepast.

12.Thefirsttwoparagraphsarewrittento.

A.describeaneventB.raiseaquestion

C.presentanopinionD.makeacomparison

13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“vantage“inParagraph3mean?

A.Apositiveeffect.B.Avaluablesuggestion.

CAquickdecision.D.Acomprehensiveview.

14.Whichofthefollowingwouldtheauthoragreewith?

A.Ecologicalrecoverytakesshorterthanimagined.

B.Pastlessonscanhelptopredictthefuturethreats.

C.Paleontologistscanhandlethebiodiversitycrisis.

D.Fossilstudiesfocusonthecausesofmassextinctions.

15.Whafsthebesttitleforthepassage?

A.Paleontology:APioneeringStudy

B.Paleontology:AHistoryRecorder

C.PaleontologyTellsMoreAboutNatureThanHumans

D.PaleontologyIsFarMoreThanNewFossilDiscoveries

【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.D

【解析】

【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章講述了古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物

學(xué)家抽絲剝繭得出過去經(jīng)驗，預(yù)測危險，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的錯誤提供明燈，強(qiáng)調(diào)了古生物學(xué)研

究的真正意義何在。

【12題詳解】

推理半U斷題。第一段“Frozenintime,a125-million-year-oldmammalattackingadinosaur.A39-million-year-

oldwhale,theheaviestanimalthateverlived.Theoldestknownjellyfish,from505millionyearsago.

Paleontology（古生物學(xué)）producesnewsworthydiscoveries.（時間凝固，一只1.25億年前的哺乳動物正在攻

擊一只恐龍。一頭3900萬年前的鯨魚，是有史以來最重的動物。已知最古老的水母，來自5.05億年前。

古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價值的發(fā)現(xiàn)）”講述了古生物學(xué)產(chǎn)生了有新聞價值的古老化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，再結(jié)合第二段

“Fossils（化石）,moreover,providedirectevidenceforthelonghistoryoflife,allowingpaleontologiststotest

hypotheses（假設(shè)）aboutevolutionwithdataonlytheyprovide.（此外,化石為漫長的生命史提供了直接證

據(jù)，使古生物學(xué)家能夠用他們提供的數(shù)據(jù)來檢驗進(jìn)化論的假設(shè)）”和“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnew

fossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrueimportanceofpaleontology.Itsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveries

brightenthegrandhistoryoflifeonEarth.（但是，關(guān)于令人興奮的新化石的頭條新聞大大低估了古生物學(xué)的

真正重要性。它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史）”可知，作者在前兩段提出了

一個觀點一一古生物學(xué)的意義不僅是化石發(fā)現(xiàn)，它的真正意義在于這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大

歷史。故選C項。

【13題詳解】

詞句猜測題。由第三段Paleontologistsprovideuswithauniquevantageonmodemclimatechange.They

playanessentialroleininterpretingancientenvironments,inreconstructingancientoceans,continentsand

climates.Fossilsprovidekeylimitationontheclimatemodelsthatareessentialforpredictingfutureclimate

change.Andthefossilrecordgivesimportantinsightsintohowlifewillrespondtopredictedfutureclimate

conditions,becausethesehaveoccurredbeforeinEarth'shistory.（古生物學(xué)家為我們提供了一個了解現(xiàn)代氣候

變化的獨(dú)特皿蝮。他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用?；瘜︻A(yù)

測未來氣候變化至關(guān)重要的氣候模型提供了關(guān)鍵的限制?；涗洖樯鼘⑷绾螒?yīng)對預(yù)測的未來氣候條

件提供了重要的見解，因為這些情況在地球歷史上以前就發(fā)生過）”可知，古生物學(xué)家通過對化石進(jìn)行研

究，獲得了重要的見解，使他們在解釋古代環(huán)境、重建古代海洋、大陸和氣候方面發(fā)揮著重要作用，所

以他們能為人類了解現(xiàn)代氣候變化提供獨(dú)特全面的視角，劃線詞意為“Acomprehensiveview（全面的視

角）”。故選D項。

【14題詳解】

推理判斷題o由第四段中“Thesearchforthecausesofpastmassextinctionsstartedpioneeringstudiesfrom

acrossthescientificspectrum（科學(xué)界），focusingonpotentialfuturethreatstohumanity.（尋找過去大規(guī)模滅絕

的原因開始了跨科學(xué)領(lǐng)域的開創(chuàng)性研究，重點關(guān)注未來對人類的潛在威脅）”和最后一段中

aPaleontologistsknowthatunderstandinglife'spastiscriticaltoanticipatingandadaptingtolife'sand

humanity'sfuture.（古生物學(xué)家知道，了解生命的過去對于預(yù)測和適應(yīng)生命和人類的未來至關(guān)重要）”可

知，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家能得出過去的經(jīng)驗，預(yù)測危險，為未來如何避免犯過去同樣的

錯誤提供明燈。由此推知，作者同意“過去的經(jīng)驗教訓(xùn)有助于預(yù)測未來的威脅”。故選B項。

【15題詳解】

主旨大意題。由第二段中“Buttheheadlinesoverexcitingnewfossilsgreatlyunderestimatethetrue

importanceofpaleontology.Itsrealsignificanceliesinhowsuchdiscoveriesbrightenthegrandhistoryoflifeon

Earth.（但是，關(guān)于令人興奮的新化石的頭條新聞大大低估了古生物學(xué)的真正重要性。它的真正意義在于

這些發(fā)現(xiàn)如何照亮地球上生命的偉大歷史）”和其它段落可知，文章講述了古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)

現(xiàn)，通過化石上表征的過去，古生物學(xué)家抽絲剝繭得出過去經(jīng)驗，預(yù)測危險，為未來如何避免犯過去同

樣的錯誤提供明燈，強(qiáng)調(diào)了古生物學(xué)研究的真正意義何在，D項“古生物學(xué)遠(yuǎn)不止是新的化石發(fā)現(xiàn)”符

合文意，可以作為小標(biāo)題。故選D項。

第二節(jié)（共5小題：每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）

閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選

項。

Activelisteningisacommunicationskillthatinvolvesgoingbeyondsimplyhearingthewordsthatanother

personspeaksbutalsoseekingtounderstandthemeaningandintentionbehindthem.Theword^tactive^^implies

thatyouaretakingsometypeofactionwhenlisteningtoothers.

16

Befullypresent

Activelisteningrequiresbeingfullypresentintheconversation.Itenablesyoutoconcentrateon