一輪復習定語從句

學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載學習必備歡迎下載高三一輪復習語法-----定語從句Ⅰ.定語從句的基本知識：1.定義：在句中起__________的作用、修飾句子中的_______或______的從句。其作用相當于形容詞，所以也叫___________________.2.先行詞：被定語從句修飾的名詞、代詞稱為先行詞。先行詞在從句中充當_____、______、_______、______、_____.3.關系詞：引導定語從句的關聯(lián)詞稱為關系詞，關系詞有________和_________。關系代詞有______,______,______,______,_____,______等；關系副詞有_______,_______,______等。關系詞常有3個作用：①連接作用，引導定語從句。②代替主句中的先行詞，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整個主句。③在定語從句中充當句子成分。3.分類：定語從句分為_________________和____________________.Ⅱ.分析下列定語從句，指出其先行詞，關系詞及其所充當?shù)木渥映煞帧?.Sheisagirlwhompeoplelikeatfirstsight._________________________________2.Theyrushedovertohelpthemanwhosecarhadbrokendown.__________________3.Tomdidwellinhisexam,whichwasabigsurprise.___________________________4.ThereasonwhyIdon’ttrusthimisthatheoftentellslies._______________________5.Thisisthefactoryinwhichheworks._______________________________________定語從句考點歸納：考點清單一：關系代詞與關系副詞的使用區(qū)別：1.Istillremembertheday_______IfirstcametoBeijing.在句中做_______語2.Istillremembertheday______IspentinBeijing.在句中做_______語3.Thisisthehouse_______Ilived2yearsago.在句中做_______語4.Thisisthehouse_______Ibought2yearsago.在句中做_______語5.Thereason______hewaslateisthathiscarbrokedown.在句中做_______語6.Thereason______hegaveusisnotreasonable.在句中做_______語考點清單二：先行詞是物時，關系代詞that與which的區(qū)分⊙不定序數(shù)最高級，有人有物有疑問詞，only,very,right來修飾，還有作表語是特例。Eg.Whoistheboythatwasherejustnow?Chinaisn’tthecountrythatitusedtobe.⊙MarywasmuchkindertoJackthanshewastotheothers,______madealltheothersupset.A.whoB.whichC.whatD.thatJuliewasgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allof_______shespokefluently.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.that請總結出用which不用that的情況:____________________________________________考點清單三：定語從句中介詞的正確使用：1.Guncontrolisasubject______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.(09,陜西)A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich2.Itisreportedthattwoschools,both___________arebeingbuiltinmyhometown,willopennextyear.(07,四川)3.Theman___________ItalkedatthemeetingisfromBeijing思考：介詞與哪些關系代詞連用？你知道定語從句中介詞的選用取決于什么？考點清單四：關于whoseTheoldtemple_____A.theroofofwhichB.ofwhichtheroofC.whoseroofD.whichtheroof強調：whose+n.=___________________________/______________________________考點清單五：關系代詞as1.as與which都可以代指主句中的一部分或整個句子的內容，有時可以互換。Hemarriedher，as(which)wasnatural.很自然地，他和她結婚了。(2009年高考山東卷)WheneverImether，whichwasfairlyoften，shegreetedmewithasweetsmile.不管我何時遇見她，她都用甜甜的微笑迎接我，這是常事兒。2．但在下列情況下一般只能用as。(1)as引導的定語從句可以放在句首，而which則不能。Asweknow，morethan70%oftheearthiscoveredwithwater.(2)as表示“正如，正像”，“同樣的”而which無此意。此時，as從句中常有know，expect，happen，pointout，plan，suggest等單詞或短語。1.Hecamebackhomelate，asweexpected.正如我們所料，他回家晚了。2.Toshutyoureyestofacts,asmanyofyoudo,isfoolish.3.Thewardidharmtothecountry’speople,asdiditseconomy.(3)當先行詞被thesame，such，so，as修飾時，定語從句需用as引導。Thesehousesaresoldatsuchalowpriceaspeopleexpected.這些房子以人們期望的低價出售。(as作賓語)ThisissuchaneasyquestionasIcananswer.這是一個我能回答的簡單問題。(定語從句)ThisissuchaneasyquestionthatIcananswerit.這是個簡單的問題，我能回答。(狀語從句)IamnotsostrongamanasIwas.我已經沒有從前那么強壯了。Heknewasmanypeopleaswerepresentattheparty.Theboyknowsasmuchasadultsdo.(4)但是當先行詞被thesame修飾時，that也可引導定語從句，但意義有所不同。thesame...as(指同樣或同類的)，thesame...that(指同一個)ThisisthesamewatchasIlost.這塊表與我丟的那塊一樣。ThisisthesamewatchthatIlost.這就是我丟的那塊表。Money,________someoneoncesaid,istherootofallevils._____ispointedout,thisisagrammarproblem.3.Mike,_____weexpected,attendedthemeeting.4.______isoftenthecasewithyoungpeople,heisoverconfident.5.Heisn’tthesameman______heusedtobe.6.Don’treadsuchbooks_____youdidn’tunderstand.思考：as和which引導的非限制性定語從句有何區(qū)別？as什么時候引導限制性定語從句？考點清單六：where的先行詞必須是一個地點嗎？1.Canyouthinkofsomecases_______studentsobviouslyknowtheproblemsbutcan’tworkthemout?2.Ihavereachedapointinmylife____Iamsupposedtomakedecisionsofmyown.(09,浙江)A.whichB.whereC.howD.why3.----Whatdoyouthinkofteaching?----Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.(09,北京)Nowthereisjustonepointthat/whichIwishyoumakequiteclear.(which/that作賓語)現(xiàn)在只有一點我希望你弄清楚?？偨Y：表示一個“抽象地點”，其后常用where引導定語從句的先行詞還有哪些？________________________________________________________________考點清單七：way做先行詞時，關系詞如何使用？Theway_______heexplainedtouswasquitesimple.Theway_______heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.考點清單八：分隔式定語從句和含有插入語的定語從句1.Thedaysaregone________theChinesepeoplewerelookeddownupon.A.whenB.thatC.whichD.what2.YouhaveneverbeentoTibet,butitistheplace_______.A.whereIthinkyou’dliketovisitB.inwhichIthinkyou’dliketovisitC.IthinkyoumostwanttovisitD.thatIthinkyouwanttovisititmost技巧點撥：分隔式要理清句式，找準先行詞；含有插入語要去除插入語，理清句子成分?？键c清單九：定語從句與名詞性從句和強調句的區(qū)別與聯(lián)系1.Thefact_____wetalkedaboutisveryimportant.(定語從句/同位語從句)2.Thefact_____theChineseinventedthecompassisknowntoall.(定語從句/同位語從句)3.______isknowntoall,the2012OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinLondon.=______isknowntoallisthatthe2012OlympicGameswilltakeplaceinLondon.4.Itisonthefarm_____weworked______wegottoknoweachother.思考：如何區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句？【注意】that在大多數(shù)情況下都用作關系代詞，但在非正式語言中可用作關系副詞來代替when,how或why，而且可以省略：Thenight(that)(=when)westartedwasrainy.Everytime(that)Imether,shewasaccompaniedbyaboy.Hismotherdiedontheevening(that)(=when)hewasborn.Iknowtheplace(that)(=where)hestays.Thereisnowhere(that)wecango.Everywhere(that)Iwent,Isawmisery.Thespeed(that)(=atwhich)heisdrivingis70milesperhour.Hetoldmenothingaboutthereason(that)(=why)heresigned.Thiswasthemanner(ortheway)(that)(=how)hecheatedme.考點清單十：先行詞與從句謂語的搭配1.Ithankedhimforpickingthebestflower，unawareoftheimpacthe’dhadonmyday.2.Thanksforyourtroubleyoutooktohelpmeout3.Peoplearelookingforeverypossibleusethatshouldbemadeofadvancedtechnologytopreventthenuclearleaks.考點十一特殊的定語從句1）介詞+which+名詞Hesufferedfromthecancer,inwhichcase（=andinthatcase）hecontinuedworking.Markwasastudentatthisuniversityfrom1999to2003,duringwhichtime(=andduringthetime)hestudiedveryhardandwasmadeChairmanofthestudents’Union.2）介詞+關系副詞Heisstandingbythewindow,fromwherehecouldhaveagoodviewofthewholecity.Hegraduatedin2006,sincewhen(=andfromthenon)(=andsincethen)hehasbeenworkinghere.3)省略式定語從句Thefarmersbuiltawoodenhouseinwhichtostorethegrains.Ihaveonly20dollarswithwhichtobuyagiftformymother.ShehasborrowedacomputerwithwhichtosurftheInternet.I基礎訓練1.July27,1989istheday_____Iwillneverforget,whenbothofushadawonderfultime.A.onwhichB.whenC.whomD.that2.Thesunisbiggerthantheearth,______evenachildknows.A.thatB.whoC.asD.what3.MissZhangdevotedherselftothedevelopmentofeducation,______ledtoherfinalsuccess.A.thatB.whichC.sothatD.so4.PingPingisnot_____girl_____shewas.A.such,asB.thesame,asC.that,asD.thesame,who5.WangHonghasmadegreatprogressinstudiesandhaswonaprize,___hasmadeussurprised.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what6.Robertisgoodatlanguages,______weallknow.A.thatB.asC.whenD.what7.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingwindows,mostof____hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.A.theseB.thoseC.thatD.which8.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,______wasmorethanwecouldexpect.A.itB.whatC.thatD.which9.CarolsaidtheworkwouldbedonebyOctober,______personallyIdoubtverymuch.A.itB.thatC.whenD.which10.Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay,______,ofcourse,madetheothersunhappy.A.whoB.whichC.thisD.what11.______isknowntoeveryone,themoontravelsroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.AsC.ThatD.What12、A.Isthisthefilm____youtalkedaboutjustnow?B.Isthisfilm____youtalkedaboutjustnow?A.thatB.theoneC.whenD.whereC.Isthisthefactory____hisfathervisitedlastyear?D.Isthisfactory____hisfatherworkedlastyear?A.whichB.whereC.theoneD.theonewhere13、A.Heisoneofthestudentswho____goodatEnglish.B.Heistheoneofthestudentswho____goodatEnglish.A.isB.areC.beD.tobe14、A.Lucyisastrangecharacter____dislikesparties.B.Lucyhasafinecharacter____makeshereasytogetalongwith.A.whoB.whomC.whichD.inwhere15、A.Iwillneverforgetthetime____Ispentwiththevillagers.B.Itisthesecondtime____Ihavevisitedtheschool.C.Thiswasatime____therewerenoradiosornotelephones.A.whichB.whenC.thatD.where16、A.Itisthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.B.Itwasinthisshop____Iboughtallthesethings.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.x17、A.Itwas1949____PRCwasfounded.B.Itwasin1949____PRCwasfounded。A.whenB.whichC.xD.that18、A.Idon’tbelievehisreason____hegaveforhisabsence.B.Idon’tbelievehisreason____hewasabsent.A.whichB.whyC.whenD.how19、A.Wouldyouliketoshowustheway____youoperatethemachine.B.Wouldyouliketoshowustheway____youexplainedatthemeeting.A.inwhichB.thatC.xD.why20、A.____isknowntoall,themoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.B.____isknowntoallthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.C.____isknowntoallisthatthemoontravelsaroundtheearthonceeverymonth.A.ItB.thatC.asD.what21ThisisthefirsttimethatI____toChina.AhadbeenBcameChavecomeDcome22.ItwasthefirsttimethatI____toChina.AhadcomeBhavecomeCcameDcome23.Thereisstillmuch_____canbeimproved.AwhichBthatCwhoDwhose24.Thesun____wegetheatandlightisthemostimportantsourceofenergy.AthatBwhichCfromthatDfromwhich25.Doyouknowthespeed_____whicharockettravels?AinBatConDwithII.情系高考1.Theprizewillgotothewriter_______storyshowsthemostimagination.(11,全國)A.thatB.whichC.whoseD.what2.TedcamefortheweekendwearingonlysomeshortsandT-shirt,________isastupidthingtodoinsuchweather.(11,全國)A.thisB.thatC.whatD.which3.Theoldtownhasnarrowstreetsandsmallhouses_____arebuiltclosetoeachother.(11,山東)A.theyB.whereC.whatD.that4.Thedaysaregone______physicalstrengthwasallyouneededtomakealiving.(11,天津)A.whenB.thatC.whereD.which5.Modernsciencehasgivenclearevidence_____smokingcanleadtomanydisease.(11,天津)A.whatB.whichC.thatD.where6.Sheshowedthevisitorsaroundthemuseum,theconstruction______hadtakenmorethanthreeyears.(11,江西)A.forwhichB.withwhichC.ofwhichD.towhich7.Iwalkeduptothetopofthehillwithmyfriends,_______weenjoyedasplendidviewofthelake.(11,陜西)A.whichB.whereC.whoD.that8.Englishisalanguagesharedbyseveraldiversecultures.eachof_____usesitsomewhatdifferently.(11,浙江)A.whichB.whatC.themD.those9.Thesettlementishometonearly1,000people,manyof_______lefttheirvillageforabetterlifeinthecity.A.whomB.whichC.themD.those10.Guncontrolisasubject______Americanshavearguedforalongtime.A.ofwhichB.withwhichC.aboutwhichD.intowhich11.----Whatdoyouthinkofteaching?----Ifinditfunandchallenging.Itisajob_____youaredoingsomethingseriousbutinteresting.A.whereB.whichC.whenD.that12.Lifeislikealongrace_____wecompetewithotherstogobeyondourselves.A.whyB.whatC.thatD.where13.She’llneverforgetherstaythere_____shefoundhersonwhohadgonemissingtwoyearsbefore.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when14.ThehouseIgrowup_____hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding.A.initB.inC.inthatD.inwhich15.Bynineo’clock,alltheOlympictorchbearershadreachedthetopofMountA.ofwhichB.onwhichC.fromwhichD.abovewhichIII.能力提升1.Isawthetrees____theleaveswereblackwithdisease.A.whereB.ofwhichC.theirD.whose2.Werentabeachhousewithtwosmallrooms,______canserveasakitchen.A.thesmallerofwhichB.asmallerofwhichC.thesmallerofthemD.smallerofthat3.Earthisarockyplanet_____liquidwater,whichisnecessaryforlife,canexist.A.asB.whichC.whereD.when4.Laterinthischaptercaseswillbeintroducedtoreaders_______consumercomplaintshaveresultedinchangesinthelaw.A.whereB.whenC.whoD.which5.Windpowerisanancientsourceofenergy_______wemayreturninthenearfuture.A.onwhichB.bywhichC.towhichD.fromwhich6.PresidentHuJintaosucceededinvisitingUSA,______hewasgivenawarmwelcome.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.what7.Heneverhesitatestomake______criticisms______areconsideredhelpfultoothers.A.so;thatB.so;asC.such;thatD.such;as8.Therewas_______time______Ihatedtogotoschool.A.a;thatB.a;whenC.the;theD.the;when9._______pleasedmewasthattherewasmypurse,inthebackseatofthetaxi,_________thedrivercouldn’tpossiblyseeitbefore.A.That;thatB.Which;whichC.What;whereD.How;when10.ItisinDetroit,_______thecompanyislocated._______manypeoplehavelosttheirjobsalmostovernightinthecrisis.A.that;thatB.where;thatC.where;whereD.that;where11.Itwasthetraining_______hehadasayoungman_____madehimsuchagoodengineer.A.what;thatB.which;thatC.that;whichD.that;what13.Thescientistmadeseveraldiscoveries,________.A.whichwethinkareimportantB.whichwethinkthatisimportantC.wethinkwhichareimportantD.whichwethinkisimportant14.Wehavegatherednearly100,00quilts,_______uptohalfhavegonetotheflood-hitareas.A.withwhichB.inwhichC.forwhichD.ofwhich15.ThecouplewillflytoFrancefortheirhoneymoonontheirfirststop,________theyplantostayforthreedays.A.whereB.thereC.whichD.where16.Theplace____thebridgeissupposedtobebuiltshouldbe_____thecrossrivertrafficistheheaviest.A.which;whereB.atwhichC.atwhich;whereD.which;inwhich17.ATVcommentator(電視評論員)mustknowthevalueofsilenceandhowtouseitatthosemoments______thepicturesspeakforthemselves.A.whereB.thatC.whichD.when18.Hemadeanotherwonderfuldiscovery,______ofgreatimportancetomankind.A.thatIthinkisB.whichIthinkitisC.whichIthinkisD.thatIthinkitis19.Itwasanexcitingmomentforthosefootballfansthatyear,_____forthefirsttimeinyearstheirteamwontheWorldCup.A.thatB.whileC.whichD.when20.WeallknowitwillbenextJune_____wecanreallyhavearest.A.whenB.beforeC.sinceD.until21.Wehaveallexperiencedoccasions_______wehavespokenourmindstosomeone,tellingthemexactlywhatwefeel.A.whereB.whichC.thatD.when22.Rememberthatthereisstillonepoint______wemustmakeclearattheconferencetomorrow.A.whereB.whyC.whenD.that23.Idon’tliketheway_____heoftenusestospeaktome.A.inwhichB.howC.whichD.what24.Weallagreethatthearchitect_____theNationalGrandTheaterinBeijingwasdesignedisthemostcreative.A.forwhomB.bywhomC.withwhomD.fromwhom25.Followingthegirl,wewentintoahallon_____wallshungafewpicturesofsomefamousscientists.A.itsB.whichC.whoseD.those26.Thetimeisdrawingnear_____foodraisedinspacewilldirectlybenefithumansbelow.A.whereB.whenC.whetherD.why27.Ahighpublictolerancefor----andlowpublicawarenessof----noisepollutionhasprovidedbusvideoadvertiserswithaparadise______theirbusiness.A.inwhichtoexpendB.whichtoexpandinC.whichtoexpandD.thattheyexpandin28.---Is