It的用法 講與練 講義-2023屆高考英語一輪復(fù)習(xí)

It的用法講與練講義

it是一個很活躍的詞，是代詞學(xué)習(xí)的重點、難點。在高中教科書和高考試卷中，it出現(xiàn)

的頻率很高(特別是在閱讀材料中)，意義也很廣泛。首先我們來看看近幾年高考題中有

關(guān)it的內(nèi)容。

1.Ifitweren'tforRachelCarson,theenvironmentalmovementmightnotexist

today.

2.Bythetimethegroupgotuptoleave,itwaspouringoutside.

3.Itisnotsurprisingthatyoungpeoplearelikelytoburstout,particularlywhenthere

arereasonstodoso.

4.AsMuhammadAliputsit,"Championsaren'tmadeingyms.Championsare

madefromsomethingtheyhavedeepinsidethem."

5.Heretheyarelearningtogetintouchwiththeirtruefeelings.Itisn'talwayseasy.

6.Morestudentsthaneverbeforearetakingagapyear(間隔年)beforegoingto

university.Itusedtobecalledthe"yearoff'betweenschoolanduniversity.

7.ItseemedthatsomethingclickedwiththegirlsbetweenSaturdayandSunday.

8.Lateintheevening,thephonerang.Itwasastranger.

下面結(jié)合教科書中的典型例句從七個方面對it的用法進(jìn)行簡要的歸納和總結(jié)，以幫助

同學(xué)們更好地學(xué)習(xí)和掌握it的用法。

1.用來指代時間、天氣、距離、地點、自然環(huán)境等。如：

(1)Itistowardtheendofthenineteenthcenturyandgoldhasjustbeendiscovered

inAlaska.

(2)ItisabeautifuldayhereandIamsittingunderthebigtreeattheendofthe

garden.

(3)Itispouringwithrainandcabwhistlesareblowinginalldirections.

(4)ItsapproximatelyfourhundredkilometersnortheastofToronto,soitwould

taketoolong.

2.用來指代人，說明做某事的人或某人的身份或指代一個不知其性別的人。如:

ItisHenryAdams,anAmericanbusinessman,whoislostinLondonanddoesnot

knowwhatheshoulddo.

3.指代前面提到的一件東西或一件事情。如：

(1)BythetimeCaliforniaelectedtobecomethethirty-firstfederalstateoftheUSA

in1850,itwasalreadyamulticulturalsociety.

(2)Itisworld-famousforhavingthemostlengthinthesmallestspace.

(3)Removeclothingusingscissorsifnecessaryunlessitisstucktotheburn.

4.泛指一般情況或在某些結(jié)構(gòu)中用作無具體意義的主語。如：

(1)...ifwehadn'ttakeniteasy,...

(2)Believeitornot,thereisnosuchthingasstandardEnglish.

(3)Thirdly,itwouldbeagoodideaif...

(4)Itwasallmyfault.Ididn'tknowwhetherIcouldsurviveuntilmorning.

(5)Itwasthetruth.Blackpeoplecouldnotvoteorchoosetheirleaders.

(6)Suddenlyithitmehowdifficultitwasforawomantogetmedicaltrainingatthat

time.

5.用作形式主語或形式賓語，指代一個由不定式、動名詞短語或是從句表示的主語，

目的是使原來的這些主語位于句后，避免句子前大后小，頭重腳輕。如：

(1)Itseemedthatshehadbeenverybusyinherchosencareer,travellingabroad

tostudyaswellaswritingbooksandarticles.

(2)Itispossibleto"read"othersaroundus,eveniftheydonotintendforusto

catchtheirunspokencommunication.

(3)Wecanoftenbewrongabouteachother,soitisanamazingthingthatwe

understandeachotheraswellaswedo!

(4)However,itislikelythatNativeAmericanswerelivinginCaliforniaatleast

fifteenthousandyearsago.

特別提示：it指代從句的兒種常見句型。

(1)Itseems(happened,appeared,turnedout)+that…如：

ItseemedtherewasasurprisewaitingformearoundeverycornerasIexplored

smallcaves,shelvesandnarrowpassageswithmyunderwaterflashlight...

(2)Itis(was)/seems(seemed)+adj.+that...如：

①Butitwasevidentthatideaswerechanginginthe13thcenturywhenpainterslike

GiottodiBondonebegantopaintreligiousscenesinamorerealisticway.

②Itisamazingthatsomanygreatworksofartfromthelate19thcenturytothe21st

centuryarehousedinthesamemuseum.

③ItseemsamazingthatatmyageIamstillfitenoughtocycle20kilometersinan

afternoon.

能用于這種句型的形容詞常常是strange,natural,surprising,obvious,true,good,

wonderful,funny,fortunate,clear,unusual等。

(3)Itis(was)+名詞(詞組)+that(how...)如：

Itisapitythattheindustrialcitiesbuiltinthenineteenthcenturydonotattractvisitors.

能用于這一句型的名詞詞組還有ashame,anhonor,awonder,agoodthing,

goodnews等。

(4)Itis(was/hasbeen...)+過去分詞+that...如：

①Forexample,itcanbeprovedthatChinahasmorepeoplethananyother

countryintheworld.Thisisafact.

②Itissaidthatthisboy,whohadagreatgiftforlanguagesandpersuasion,isthe

fatheroftheManchupeople.

③Itisbelievedthatbeforelongthemixofnationalitieswillbesogreatthattherewill

benodistinctmajorracialorculturalgroups,...

能用于這一句型的過去分詞還有announced,decided,said,hoped,expected,

told,suggested等。

6.用來引導(dǎo)強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)。

it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu)句型是It+is(was)+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that(who,whom)+其他。

如:

(1)ItisonlywhenthediseasehasprogressedtoAIDSthatapersonbeginstolook

sick.

(2)ItwasthenthatClairerealizedthatTonyhadopenedthecurtainsofthefront

window.Herguestshadseeneverything!

(3)...itwasthebuildingoftherailnetworkfromthewesttotheeastcoastthat

broughtevenlargernumberstoCaliforniainthe1860s.

(4)ItwasmysisterwhofirsthadtheideatocyclealongtheentireMekongRiver

fromwhereitbeginstowhereitends.

(5)ItsintheSummerOlympicsthatyouhavetherunningraces,togetherwith

swimming,sailingandalltheteamsports.

(6)However,itwasnotuntiltheeighteenthandnineteenthcenturiesthatthe

explorationofthebotanicalworldbeganonalargescale.

在這一句型中要注意幾點：

①it不可以用this或that替代。

②若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分是人，引導(dǎo)詞可以是who(若被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的人是作賓語,也可用whom)

或that,除此之外，引導(dǎo)詞一律用that,不可以用when,where等。如：

ItwasJackwhobrokethewindow.

ItwasinSydneythatthe27thOlympicGameswereheld.

ItwasinMarch2003thattheIraqWarbrokeout.

特別提醒：要注意區(qū)別強(qiáng)調(diào)句與帶有it的時間或地點的句型。請看以下句子：

ItwasinWaterlooNapoleonwascompletelydefeated.

ItwasWaterlooNapoleonwascompletelydefeated.

這兩個句子之間只有一詞之差，但空格處要填入的詞卻不相同。前一空應(yīng)填that,后

一空要填whereo前者是強(qiáng)調(diào)句，因為在去掉強(qiáng)調(diào)部分Itwas...that之后，這個句子仍然

成立即"NapoleonwascompletelydefeatedinWaterloo."而后者在去掉Itwas...where后

卻不行，不能說NapoleonwascompletelydefeatedWaterloo?又如：

ItisusuallyinJanuaryorinFebruarythatwecelebrateSpringFestival.

ItisusuallyJanuaryorFebruarywhenwecelebrateSpringFestival.

7.常見的由it引導(dǎo)的時間句型。如：

Itis(was)+thefirst(second,third...)time+that...

這一句型表示一種時間經(jīng)歷。關(guān)于這個句型的考點是：that從句中的動詞時態(tài)形式。正

確的形式是：

Itis...that+現(xiàn)在完成時...；Itwas...that+過去完成時....如：

(1)Itwasthefirsttimeshehadeverlefthermotherland.

(2)...itwasthefirsttimeinayearandahalfthatI'dseenthenightfacetoface...

說明：這里的it也可以由this或that替代。

八、鞏固性練習(xí)

語法填空

Oneday,Nickinvitedhisfriendstosupper.Hewascookingsomedeliciousfoodin

thekitchen.Suddenly,he11(find)thathehadrunoutofsalt.SoNickcalledtohis

son,"Gotothevillageandbuysomesalt,butpayafairpriceforit：neithertoomuch

12toolittle."

Hissonlookedsurprised."Icanunderstandwhyshouldn'tpaytoomuch,Father,

butifIcanpayless,_13notsaveabit