環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)（雙語(yǔ)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案章節(jié)答案2024年青島科技大學(xué)、長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)

環(huán)境生態(tài)學(xué)（雙語(yǔ)）智慧樹知到期末考試答案+章節(jié)答案2024年青島科技大學(xué)、長(zhǎng)江大學(xué)VariousbiogeochemicalcyclesareindependentandNOTlinked.()

答案:錯(cuò)ThecyclingpathwaysofcarbonandphosphorusARETHESAMEintemperatelakes.()

答案:錯(cuò)Thereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime()

答案:對(duì)Primarysuccessionoccursafterdisturbance()

答案:錯(cuò)BicarbonateandCO2areinequilibriumandbicarbonatereplenishesdissolvedCO2asitisRELEASEDbyplants.()

答案:錯(cuò)ConsumerscanNOTlimitresourcepopulations.()

答案:錯(cuò)CarbonbudgetofEarthisNOTlinkedtoatmosphere,landandoceanandmassmovementaroundplanet.()

答案:錯(cuò)LatentheatisenergyabsorbedBUTNOTRELEASEDinthetransformationofwaterfromonestatetoanother.()

答案:錯(cuò)Temperature-inducedchangesinwaterdensitydriveseasonalcyclesintemperatelakes，insummer,lessdensewaterfloatstothesurfacewhereiceforms.()

答案:錯(cuò)ThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodelisLokta-VolterraModel.()

答案:對(duì)TheunitofGlobalnitrogencycleis10^10gNyr-1()

答案:錯(cuò)SuccessionDONOTbecomeself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax()

答案:錯(cuò)Thechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,calledjointpopulationtrajectory.()

答案:對(duì)PhotosynthesisbeginswithDARKreactionsandcontinueswiththeLIGHTreactions.()

答案:錯(cuò)MicroclimatesdefinestheLARGEscaleconditionsinwhichorganismslive.()

答案:錯(cuò)Purposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation,andcanNOTbeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.()

答案:錯(cuò)Only1%–20%ofassimilatedenergypassesbetweentrophiclevels()

答案:錯(cuò)PopulationsizeisregulatedONLYbydensitydependentfactors.()

答案:錯(cuò)Assimilationefficienciesvarylittleamongendothermsandectotherms.()

答案:錯(cuò)Someanimalsusemanyphysiologicalmeansforthermalbalance.()

答案:錯(cuò)ThenumberoftrophiclevelsDECREASEDwithspeciesrichness()

答案:錯(cuò)IonexchangecapacityisthetotalnumberofPOSITIVEchargedsitesonsoilparticlesinastandardvolumeofsoil.()

答案:錯(cuò)Residencetimedeterminehowmuchenergyassimilatedbyplantsreachhighleveloftropiclevels.()

答案:錯(cuò)AgestructureDOESNOTinfluencepopulationgrowthrate.()

答案:錯(cuò)Manyfactors(light,temperature,water,andnutrients)arerelatedwithprimaryproduction()

答案:對(duì)Populationecologydealswithexchangesofenergyandmatterbetweenecosystemandenvironmentandamongcomponentswithintheecosystem()

答案:錯(cuò)Phosphorusdoesnotentertheatmosphereinanyformotherthandust,soMUCHphosphoruscyclesbetweentheatmosphereandothercompartmentsofecosystems()

答案:錯(cuò)Longitudinallshiftingofthesun’szenithcausesseasonalvariationinprecipitation.()

答案:錯(cuò)SupercompetitorcanpersistBOTHatHIGHERandLowerresourcelevels.()

答案:對(duì)NitrogenassumesONLYONEoxidationstateinitscyclingthroughecosystems()

答案:錯(cuò)Patternsofproductivityreflectglobalpatternsoftemperatureandprecipitation.LOWNPPisinequatorialzoneandcoastalregion.()

答案:錯(cuò)FireisNOTanimportantfeatureofmanyclimaxcommunities,favoringfire-resistantspeciesandexcludingspeciesthatwouldotherwisedominate.()

答案:錯(cuò)Individualecologyisthestudyofhowgroupsofindividuals(belongingtothesamespecies)grow(orshrink)andreproduce.Dependingonthenatureofthespecies,manyfactors(foodavailability,competition,predationetc)mayaffectpopulationgrowth.()

答案:錯(cuò)CommunitystructureDOESNOTchangethroughtime.()

答案:錯(cuò)Suppose,forexample,speciesAcanonlygerminateunderspeciesB,BonlyunderC,andConlyunderA.TherelationshipscreatearegularcycleofspeciesdominanceintheorderofA,C,B,A,C,B,A,…,inwhichthelengthofeachstageisdeterminedbythelifespanofthedominantspecies.itiscalledtransientclimaxes()

答案:錯(cuò)Facilitation,inhibition,andinvasivespeciesareNOTthespeciesinaecosystem()

答案:錯(cuò)Asurprisingpredictionofthemodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.()

答案:對(duì)InthehydrologicCycle,therearePPT,Runoff,Groundwaterrecharge,interception,infiltrationand()

答案:Evaporation###TranspirationGlobalEnvironmentalIssuesincludesGlobalWarming,Deforestationand()

答案:Extremeheatwave###ForestationAssumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyearisa,thisismightbe().()

答案:Exponentialgrowthmodel###GeometricgrowthmodelRateatwhichlightenergyisconvertedbyphotosynthesistoorganiccomponentsisreferredtoasprimaryproductivity，including()

答案:Grossprimaryproductivity###NetprimaryproductivityIn(),Asresourcesaredepleted,populationgrowthratedoesnotslow()

答案:Geometricgrowthmodel###ExponentialgrowthmodelEnergytransformationsandelementcyclingareintimatelylinked,itincludeAssimilatoiryprocess,and()

答案:DissimilatoryprocessIrregularandunpredictableclimatechangesdonotinclude()

答案:GlobalwarmingThereareMANYtypesoflifetablesincludingstablelifetableand()

答案:DynamiclifetablePhosphoruscyclehasnoatmosphericpool.()

答案:對(duì)Dissimilatoryprocessisthetransformationoforganicformofelementsbacktoinorganicform,suchasrespiration.()

答案:對(duì)Sulfurexistsinmanyoxidizedandreducedformscycle.()

答案:對(duì)Sulfurcycleisbothsedimentaryandgaseous.()

答案:對(duì)Assimilatoiryprocessisthetransformationofinorganicformsofelementsintothemoleculesoforganisms,suchasphotosynthesis.()

答案:對(duì)Ecosystemhave()majorfoodchains().

答案:TwoOnly5%–20%ofassimilatedenergypassesbetweentrophiclevels.()

答案:對(duì)Photosyntheticefficiencyisthepercentageoftheenergyinsunlightthatisconvertedtonetprimaryproductionduringthegrowingseason.()

答案:對(duì)Standingcropbiomassisamountofaccumulatedorganicmatterinanareaatagiventime.()

答案:對(duì)Bioticcommunityandabioticenvironmentfunctioningasasystem.Includesorganism-complexandwholecomplexofphysicalfactorsiscalledecosystem.()

答案:對(duì)Ratioofcarbonfixed(photosynthesis)perunitofwaterlost(transpiration)iscalledWaterUseEfficiency.()

答案:對(duì)Theratioofdrymatterproductiontotheassimilationofaparticularnutrientelement,usuallyexpressedasgramspergramiscalledNutrientuseefficiency(NUE).()

答案:對(duì)Successionisaseriesofchangesleadingtoastableclimax,whosecharacterisdeterminedbylocalenvironment.Onceestablished,abeech-mapleforestperpetuatesitself,anditsgeneralappearancechangeslittledespiteconstantreplacementofindividualswithinthecommunity.()

答案:對(duì)Monoclimaxhypothesisviewcommunityasahighlyintegratedsuperorganism,theprocessofsuccessionrepresentsgradualandprogressivedevelopmentofcommunitytoultimateorclimaxstage.()

答案:對(duì)Successionbecomesself-limitingasitapproachestheclimax.()

答案:對(duì)Primarysuccessionoccursonnewlyexposedsubstrates.()

答案:對(duì)Theprocessofgradualand(seemingly)directionalchangeinthestructuralofthecommunitythroughtimeiscalledSuccession.()

答案:對(duì)Aspeciesthathasadisproportionate不成比例impactonthecommunityrelativetoitsabundanceiscalledKeystonespecies.（）

答案:對(duì)Energyflowwebmeansconnectionsbetweenspeciesarequantifiedbythefluxofenergybetweenaresourceanditsconsumer.()

答案:對(duì)PlaceswheremanyspeciesreachtheedgesoftheirdistributionsiscalledEcotons.（）

答案:對(duì)Connectednesswebemphasizefeedingrelationshipsamongspecies,portrayed描繪aslinksinfoodweb.()

答案:對(duì)Theindirecteffectsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsextendthroughadditionaltrophiclevelsofacommunityiscalledTrophiccascade.（）

答案:對(duì)Relativeabundancemeanscountingallindividualsofeachspeciesinanumberofsampleplotswithinacommunityanddeterminingwhatpercentageeachcontributestothetotalnumberofindividualofallspecies.()

答案:對(duì)Agroupofspeciesthatcoexistinaspaceandtimeandinteractwithoneanotherdirectlyorindirectlyiscalledcommunity.（）

答案:對(duì)Functionalwebmeansinfluenceonthegrowthrateofotherspeciespopulation.()

答案:對(duì)Speciesrichnessmeansnumberofspecieswithinthecommunity.()

答案:對(duì)Thechangeinpredatorandpreypopulationstogetherfollowsaclosedcyclethatcombinestheindividualchangesinthepredatorandpreypopulation,itiscalledjointpopulationtrajectory.（）

答案:對(duì)Consumer-ResourcesystemcanhaveONLYonestablestate.()

答案:錯(cuò)Thereisacyclicalriseandfallinboththepredatorandpreypopulationswithtime.（）

答案:對(duì)FactorscanINCREASEoscillationofpredator-preymodels.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Manypredatorandpreypopulationsincreaseanddecreaseinregularcycles.（）

答案:對(duì)Lotka-VolterramodelcanNOTbestabilizedbypredatorsatiation.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Anincreaseinthebirthrateofpreyincreasesthepredatorpopulation,butnothepreypopulation.（）

答案:對(duì)Pathogen-hostdynamicscanbedescribedbyS-I-Rmodel.（）

答案:對(duì)Asurprisingpredictionofthepradationmodelisthatincreaseinrofpreygrowthleadstoanincreaseinpredatorpopulation,nottheprey.（）

答案:對(duì)Consumer-Resourcesystemcanhavetwoormorestablestates.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Eachspeciesinhibitsitsownpopulationgrowthmorethancompetitor.Neithercaneliminatecompetitor,itiscoexistence.（）

答案:對(duì)Interspecificcompetitionreducestheequilibriumlevelofapopulationbelowthecarryingcapacity.()

答案:對(duì)PopulationsarelimitedbythesingleresourcethatismostscarcerelativetodemandiscalledLiebig'slawofminimum.（）

答案:對(duì)Thereare（）possibleoutcomesofinterspecificcompetition.()

答案:fourThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodel(Lokta-VolterraModel).（）

答案:對(duì)AsymmetriccompetitioncanNOToccurwhendifferentfactorslimitthepopulationsofcompetitors.（）

答案:錯(cuò)Unstablesituation,bothinhibitinadensitydependentmanner.Dependingoninitialdensity,eithercanmakeotherextinct，competitioncangoeitherway.（）

答案:對(duì)Lokta-VolterraModelisderivedfromlogisticgrowthequationandaddinfluenceofanotherspecies(acompetitioncomponent.（）

答案:對(duì)SpaceisNon-renewableresource.（）

答案:對(duì)ThetheoryofcompetitionandcoexistenceisanextensionoflogisticgrowthmodeliscalledLokta-VolterraModel.（）

答案:對(duì)Twoconsumerssharethesameresource,eachreducestheavailabilityofresourcesoftheother.Itiscalledcompetition.（）

答案:對(duì)Dynamicsofconsumer-resourceinteractionsreflectmutualevolutionaryresponses.()

答案:對(duì)InteractionsbenefitbothspeciesisMutualism.()

答案:對(duì)Benefitone,butdonoharmonanotheriscommensalism.（）

答案:對(duì)Arelationshipoftwoorganismslivingtogether(symbiosis)andonederivesitsnourishmentattheexpenseoftheotheriscalledParasitism.（）

答案:對(duì)IntrinsicrateofincreasecanNOTbeestimatedfromthelifetable.（）

答案:對(duì)Birthrateandsurvivorshipdeterminenetreproductiverate.()

答案:對(duì)Thepurposeoflifetableistoprovideaclearandsystematicpictureofmortalityandsurvivalwithinapopulation.Canalsobeusedtosimulatepopulationsizechange.（）

答案:對(duì)Assumeapopulation,att=0,populationsizeisN(0),ratioofpopulationsizechangeinoneyeartothesizeoftheproceedingyear.Thismodelis().

答案:geometricgrowthmodelThenumberofindividualsofapopulationtheenvironm