寧夏吳忠市2024-2025學(xué)年高三英語上學(xué)期開學(xué)第一次月考試題含解析

Page272023-2024學(xué)年高三年級開學(xué)第一次月考英語試卷(試卷滿分150分，考試時間120分鐘)第一部分：聽力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)第一節(jié)聽下面5段對話。每段對話后有一個小題，從題中所給的A，B，C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置，聽完每段對話后，你都有10秒的時間來回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題，每段對話僅讀一遍。1.Whatistheprobablerelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Tourguideandtourist.B.Ticketsellerandtourist.C.Flightattendantandpassenger.2.Howwillthemangotoschool?A.Bycar.B.OnfootC.Bybike.3.Whatdoesthewomanwanttodo?A.Getareceipt.B.Depositherluggage.C.Purchasesomeproducts.4.InwhichdepartmentdoesMrs.Laurenwork?A.Thesalesdepartment.B.Themanagementdepartment.CThehumanresourcesdepartment.5.Whatarethespeakersmainlytalkingabout?A.ThesizeoftheLincolnPark.B.ThelocationoftheLincolnPark.C.TheshortcuttotheLincolnPark.其次節(jié)聽下面5段對話或獨白。每段對話或獨白后有幾個小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個選項中選出最佳選項，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽每段對話或獨白前，你將有時間閱讀各個小題，每小題5秒鐘;聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時間。每段對話或獨白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.HowtallistheEiffelTower?A.About230meters.B.About320metersC.About430meters.7.Whatistheman’sattitudetowardsGustaveEiffel?A.Confusing.B.ForgivingC.Admiring.聽第7段材料，回答第8至9題。8.Whendidthemanstarttohaveafever?A.Yesterdayafternoon.B.LastnightC.Thismorning.9.Whatwillthemanprobablydofirst?A.Takesomemedicine.B.Fillintheregistrationslip.C.GototheMedicalDepartment.聽第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whatworkistherestaurantoffering?A.Servingthefood.B.Washingthedishes.C.Answeringthephone.11.Howdoesthewomanfeelabouttheworkinghours?A.Worried.B.Satisfied.C.Disappointed.12.Whatdoesthemanadvisethewomantogetfromhertutor?A.Aworkpermit.B.Aleavenote.C.Anapplicationform.聽第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whoisthewoman?A.ThechairoftheYouthCouncil.B.TheaccountantoftheYouthCouncil.C.TheadministratoroftheYouthCouncil.14.WhydoesthemanwanttojointheYouthCouncil?A.TolearnfromStephanie.B.Togainexperienceinit.C.Togettodiscusslocalissues.15.WhichagegroupistheYouthCouncilfor?A.The13-18agegroup.B.The12-16agegroup.C.The10-15agegroup.16.WherewillthemanprobablystayonSaturdaynight?A.Inahostel.B.Athisparents’C.Inthecouncil’sflat.聽第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whichisthemostpopularamongvisitors?A.Thesculpturegallery.B.The19thcenturypaintings.C.The20thand21stcenturypaintings.18.Howwasthemuseumstarted?A.Byartistsdonatingworks.B.Byhistoriansraisingmoney.C.Byordinarypeople’sdiscovery.19.Whatdoesthespeakersayaboutthecollectionofcoins?A.Itisafocusedcollection.B.Ithascoinsmade2,000yearsago.C.Ithascoinsfromallovertheworld.20.Whatwillthespeakerprobablytalkaboutnext?A.Themuseum’srepairwork.B.Themuseum’slonghistory.C.Themuseum’spublicfacilities.其次部分：閱讀理解(共兩節(jié)，滿分40分)第一節(jié)：(共15小題;每小題2分，滿分30分)閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出最佳選項。ACheapandevenfreevolunteeringprogramsareeverywhere.Don’tworryaboutabudgetthatmaystopyoufromvolunteeringabroad!KindredSpiritElephantSanctuary(愛護區(qū))istherightplaceforyou.HighlightsVolunteerwithelephantsandbringthembackintotheirnaturalhabitat.Makeadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditions.HelpteachEnglishtothecommunitiesandraiseawarenessaboutthecaptive(圈養(yǎng)的)elephantsituation.Wandertheforestsandobserveelephant’snaturalbehavioursintheirhomeenvironment.OurSanctuaryOursanctuaryhasrescued5elephantsfromthetourismindustryandwehavenowbroughtthemhometoliveouttheirlivesintheforest,insemi-wildconditions.Weneedvolunteerstohelpuskeeptheseelephantshappyandhealthyintheirnaturalhabitat.Withvolunteersupport.wehopetoreturnmoreelephantstotheforestsoon.YourtasksPerformingresearchonthenaturalelephantbehavioursandthesurroundingforest.TakingpartincommunityprojectssuchasteachingEnglishattheschoolandtootherlocals.Carryingoutlitterpick-upswiththekidstoeducateonwastemanagement.YourRoughSchedule:Day1:PickupfromChiangMaiat9am.Travelthroughanationalparkandstunningmountainsuntilyouarriveinouruniquevillage.Meetyourhomestayfamilyandtheothervolunteers,andimmerseyourselfinhilltribeculture.Day2:Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.Spendthemorningrecordingandlearningabouttheseamazinganimalsandtheirnaturalbehaviours.Returntothevillageinthelateafternoonandtakepartinourcommunity&teachingprojects.Day3:Anotherearlystarttoliketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.ReturntoChiangMaiintheafternoon.1.Whichofthefollowinghighlightsthevolunteerworkatthesanctuary?A.Lookingaftercaptiveelephants.B.Seekingelephantsinnaturalforests.C.Learninglocalcommunities’folkarts.D.Savingelephantsinpoorenvironment.2.Whatshouldyoudoasavolunteer?A.Establishexperimentalbases.B.Promoteeducationalprograms.C.Enhanceculturalexchange.D.Startanti-povertyprojects.3.Whatshouldyoukeepinmindifyouwanttovolunteerthere?A.Youshouldhavegoodabilityofhiking.B.Youcanchooseyourowntransportation.C.Youmaycamponthemountainfordays.D.Youmustbefamiliarwithlocallanguages.【答案】1D2.B3.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章介紹了KindredSpirit大象愛護區(qū)志愿活動項目的活動亮點、工作任務(wù)和簡要日程等信息?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Highlights部分的“Makeadifferenceintheconservationeffortstosaveelephantslivingunderawfulconditions.(在愛護工作中發(fā)揮作用，挽救生活在惡劣條件下的大象)”可知，挽救環(huán)境惡劣的大象是愛護區(qū)志愿者工作的亮點之一。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)Yourtasks部分的“TakingpartincommunityprojectssuchasteachingEnglishattheschoolandtootherlocals.(參與社區(qū)項目，如在學(xué)?；蚪o其他當(dāng)?shù)厝私逃⒄Z)”可知，參與提升當(dāng)?shù)亟袒幕顒邮侵驹富顒尤蝿?wù)之一。故選B?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)YourRoughSchedule部分的“Day2:Wakeupearlytohikeintheforestandfindourelephants.Spendthemorningrecordingandlearningabouttheseamazinganimalsandtheirnaturalbehaviours.(其次天：早起在森林里徒步旅行，找到我們的大象?；ㄒ粋€上午的時間記錄和學(xué)習(xí)這些奇妙的動物和它們的自然行為)”和“Day3:Anotherearlystarttoliketoobserveourelephantsonelasttime.(第三天：又一次早起，最終一次視察我們的大象)”可知，志愿者須要在森林中徒步找尋和視察大象。所以假如你想在那里做志愿者，你應(yīng)當(dāng)記住你應(yīng)當(dāng)有很好的徒步旅行實力。故選A。BFitzGeraldisa16-year-oldlong-distancerunnerfromDevon,England,whohassetanationalrecordintheunder-17s3,000meters,butnowshe’sgettingnoticedforhercommitmenttosavingtheplanet.FitzGeraldfinishedfourthintheunder-20sraceattheEuropeanCrossCountryChampionshipsinItalylastDecember,butherjourneytogettheremadeitevenmoreimpressive.ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.Despitehertiringjourney,shebeatathletesthreeyearsolderthanher.FitzGeraldturneddownthechancetocompeteattheWorldAthleticsCrossCountryChampionshipsinBathurst,Australia.ShetoldAthleticsWeeklymagazinethatthedecisionwasn’teasybutthattravellingfillsher“withdeepconcern”.“TohavetheopportunitytocompeteforGreatBritaininAustraliaisaprivilege,”FitzGeraldsaid.“However,Iwouldneverbecomfortableflyingintheknowledgethatpeoplecouldbelosingtheirlivelihoods,homesandlovedonesasaresult.TheleastIcandoisvoicemysolidarity(團結(jié)一樣)withthosesufferingonthefrontlineofclimatebreakdown.”FitzGerald’srefusaltoflyhasledpeopletocomparehertotheclimateactivistThunberg,whooncetravelledtoNewYorkbyboat.FitzGeraldcouldtravelbyshiptoAustralia,butitwouldtakehermorethanamonthtogetthere.FitzGeraldknowsherchoicetoputtheneedsoftheEarthfirstcouldaffectherathleticscareer,butshehastoactasifit’sanemergency.ChampionsforEarth,anorganizationforenvironmentally-friendlyathletes,said:“Sheislookingforsponsorsandsupporterswhocanhelpherwiththemoreexpensivepublictransport,accommodationandeco-friendlykitthatsherequires.ItisclearthatFitzGeraldhasthesteelydeterminationandfocus,combinedwiththecourageandclaritytofacearealityquitedifferenttoathletesofpreviousgenerations.”4.WhydidFitzGeraldmakeheadlines?A.BecauseshechosegreentransportinsteadofaflighttoItaly.B.Becauseshemadeanationalrecordin3,000metersinEngland.C.Becauseshedevotedallhertimetoeco-environmentinEngland.D.BecauseshewonthechampioninthecrosscountryraceinItaly.5.WhatcausedFitzGeraldtorefusethecompetitioninAustralia?A.Ungreentravelling. B.TiringcompetinginItaly.C.Changeableclimateontheway. D.Affectedathleticscareer.6.WhatdoFitzGeraldandThunberghaveincommon?A.Actingimmediatelyifthereisanemergency.B.Preferringtakingtheshipinsteadoftheflight.C.Spendingalltheirlifeinprotectingtheenvironment.D.Choosingtheeco-friendlymeansoftransportation.7.WhichcanbestdescribeFitzGeraldaccordingtoChampionsforEarth?A.Honestandoutgoing. B.Determinedandconcentrated.C.Attractiveandmodest. D.Courageousandhumorous.【答案】4.A5.A6.D7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語】本文是一篇記敘文，主要介紹了16歲的越野長跑運動員FitzGerald是位環(huán)保主義者。為了削減碳排放，她不乘坐飛機，并因此放棄了在澳大利亞實行的越野長跑競賽?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)其次段“FitzGeraldfinishedfourthintheunder-20sraceattheEuropeanCrossCountryChampionshipsinItalylastDecember,butherjourneytogettheremadeitevenmoreimpressive.ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.Despitehertiringjourney,shebeatathletesthreeyearsolderthanher.(去年12月，菲茨杰拉德在意大利實行的歐洲越野錦標(biāo)賽上獲得了20歲以下年齡組競賽的第四名，但她的旅程讓她的成果更加令人印象深刻。要到達(dá)意大利的都靈，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飛行。然而，飛行會釋放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的長途汽車去了法國里爾，然后先坐火車去了巴黎，再去了都靈，在車站之間騎自行車。盡管路途乏累，她還是擊敗了比她大三歲的運動員)”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald成為頭條新聞是因為她選擇了綠色交通，而不是坐飛機去意大利。故選A?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段“However,Iwouldneverbecomfortableflyingintheknowledgethatpeoplecouldbelosingtheirlivelihoods,homesandlovedonesasaresult.TheleastIcandoisvoicemysolidarity(團結(jié)一樣)withthosesufferingonthefrontlineofclimatebreakdown.(然而，假如我知道人們可能因此失去生計、家園和親人，我就恒久不會安心飛行。我至少可以表達(dá)我對那些在氣候崩潰前線受苦的人們的聲援)”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald拒絕參與澳大利亞的競賽，是因為去往澳大利亞須要乘坐飛機，此交通方式不環(huán)保。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“FitzGerald’srefusaltoflyhasledpeopletocomparehertotheclimateactivistThunberg,whooncetravelledtoNewYorkbyboat.(菲茨杰拉德拒絕坐飛機讓人們將她與氣候活動家Thunberg同日而語，Thunberg曾乘船前往紐約)”和其次段的“ToreachTurininItaly,FitzGeraldcouldhavetakenaquickflight.However,flyingreleasescarbondioxide.Instead,shetookanovernightcoachtoLilleinFrance,thentrainstofirstParis,thenTurin,cyclingbetweenstations.(要到達(dá)意大利的都靈，菲茨杰拉德本可以快速飛行。然而，飛行會釋放二氧化碳。于是，她坐了一整夜的長途汽車去了法國里爾，然后先坐火車去了巴黎，再去了都靈，在車站之間騎自行車)”可知，菲茨杰拉德和Thunberg的共同之處是他們都選擇環(huán)保的交通工具。故選D?！?題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段內(nèi)容“ItisclearthatFitzGeraldhasthesteelydeterminationandfocus,combinedwiththecourageandclaritytofacearealityquitedifferenttoathletesofpreviousgenerations.(很明顯，菲茨杰拉德有著鋼鐵般的決心和專注力，再加上志氣和清楚，能夠面對與前幾代運動員迥然不同的現(xiàn)實)”可知，F(xiàn)itzGerald是有決心和專注的，可用determined和concentrated描述她，故選B。CCanceriscausedbygenemutations(突變)thataccumulateincellsovertime,yetlong-livedanimalsthathavelotsofcells,suchaselephantsandwhales,hardlyevergetit.Why?Forelephants,atleast,partoftheanswermaybethegenecommonlyknownasp53,whichalsohelpshumansandmanyotheranimalsrepairDNAdamagedduringreplication(復(fù)制).Elephantshaveanamazing20copiesofthisgene.Thosecopies,eachwithtwovariationsproduceatotalof40proteins,comparedwithhumans’(andmostanimals’)singlecopyproducingtwoproteins.Inmammals,p53playsacrucialroleinpreventingmutatedcellsfromturningintotumors(腫瘤).Itworksbypausingreplicationandtheneitherinitiatingrepairorcausingcellstoself-destructifthedamageistooextensive.Withoutactionfromp53,cancercaneasilytakehold:inmorethanhalfofallhumancancers,thegene’sfunctionhasbeenlostthroughrandommutations.Thescientistsvirtuallymodeledandstudiedcarefullyelephants’40p53proteins,findingtwowaysthegenecouldhelpelephantsavoidcancer.First,thefactthatelephantspossessmultiplecopieslowersthechanceofp53nolongerworkingbecauseofmutations.Additionally,elephants’p53copiesactivateinresponsetovaryingmutationsandsorespondtodamagedcellsdifferently,whichlikelygivesanedgewhendetectingandgettingridofmutations.These“remarkable”resultsimplythatelephantshaveaseriesofmeansthoughwhichp53canoperate,saysSueHaupt,acellbiologistwhowasnotinvolvedinthework.Thispointsto“excitingpossibilitiesforexploringpowerfulnewapproachestocancerprotectioninhumans,”sheadds.Studyco-authorRobinFahraeusandhiscolleaguesarenowfollowingupontheseresultsusingbloodsamplesfromanAfricanelephantattheViennaZoo.Theyareexploringhowitsp53proteinsinteractwithdamagedcellsandplantocomparethosefindingswithresultsfromhumancells.8.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“initiating”meaninparagraph3?A.Delaying. B.Indicating.C.Stopping. D.Starting.9.Howdop53copiesfreeelephantsfromcancer?A.Bypreventingthereplicationthoroughly.B.Byprovidingpreciseresponsecontinuously.C.Byloweringthechanceofmutationsinadvance.D.Byrepairingthedamagedcellsinthesameway.10.Whatcanweconcludefromthelast2paragraphs?A.Theresultsneedfurthertests.B.Morebiologistswillparticipateinthestudy.C.Theresultsthrowlightonhumans’fightingcancer.D.ResearchershavenewfindingsinAfricanelephants.11.Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A.Whyelephantsdon’tgetcancer.B.Whatcontributestoelephants’longlife.C.Wheretheanticancerbreakthroughlies.D.Howthekeycancer-fightinggeneworks.【答案】8.D9.B10.C11.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了為什么長壽的動物們不會患癌癥的問題?！?題詳解】詞句揣測題。依據(jù)第三段第一句及劃線詞所在句“Inmammals,p53playsacrucialroleinpreventingmutatedcellsfromturningintotumors(腫瘤).Itworksbypausingreplicationandtheneitherinitiatingrepairorcausingcellstoself-destructifthedamageistooextensive.(在哺乳動物中，p53在防止突變細(xì)胞變成腫瘤方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用。它的工作原理是暫停復(fù)制，然后要么initiating修復(fù)，要么在損傷過于廣泛時導(dǎo)致細(xì)胞自我毀滅)”可知，對于損傷過于廣泛的細(xì)胞，p53會讓細(xì)胞自我毀滅，因而對于可以修復(fù)的細(xì)胞，p53則會起先修復(fù)它。由此可知，劃線詞此處為“起先”含義。故選D?！?題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段“Thescientistsvirtuallymodeledandstudiedcarefullyelephants’40p53proteins,findingtwowaysthegenecouldhelpelephantsavoidcancer.First,thefactthatelephantspossessmultiplecopieslowersthechanceofp53nolongerworkingbecauseofmutations.Additionally,elephants’p53copiesactivateinresponsetovaryingmutationsandsorespondtodamagedcellsdifferently,whichlikelygivesanedgewhendetectingandgettingridofmutations.(科學(xué)家們事實上建立了大象40種p53蛋白的模型，并細(xì)致探討了這些蛋白，發(fā)覺了這種基因可以幫助大象避開癌癥的兩種方式。首先，大象擁有多個p53的副本的事實降低了p53由于突變而不再起作用的可能性。此外，大象的p53的副本對不同突變的反應(yīng)也不同，因此對受損細(xì)胞的反應(yīng)也不同，這可能在檢測和消退突變方面有優(yōu)勢)”可知，p53對不同的突變的作用是不同的，即p53通過持續(xù)的針對不同的突變作出精確的回應(yīng)，進(jìn)而幫助大象避開癌癥。故選B?！?0題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中“These“remarkable”resultsimplythatelephantshaveaseriesofmeansthoughwhichp53canoperate,saysSueHaupt,acellbiologistwhowasnotinvolvedinthework.Thispointsto“excitingpossibilitiesforexploringpowerfulnewapproachestocancerprotectioninhumans,”sheadds.(沒有參與這項工作的細(xì)胞生物學(xué)家蘇·豪普特(SueHaupt)說，這些“非凡”的結(jié)果意味著，大象有一系列的方法可以讓p53起作用。她補充說，這表明“探究強有力的人類癌癥防護新方法的令人興奮的可能性”)”可知，這些非凡的結(jié)果意味著“探究強有力的人類癌癥防護新方法的令人興奮的可能性”。由此推知，這些結(jié)果的發(fā)覺為人類對抗癌癥供應(yīng)了線索。故選C?！?1題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文，依據(jù)第一段“Canceriscausedbygenemutations(突變)thataccumulateincellsovertime,yetlong-livedanimalsthathavelotsofcells,suchaselephantsandwhales,hardlyevergetit.Why?(癌癥是由基因突變引起的，隨著時間的推移，基因突變積累在細(xì)胞中，然而長壽的動物有很多細(xì)胞，如大象和鯨魚，幾乎從來不會有癌癥。為什么？)”及其次段中“Forelephants,atleast,partoftheanswermaybethegenecommonlyknownasp53,whichalsohelpshumansandmanyotheranimalsrepairDNAdamagedduringreplication(復(fù)制).(至少對大象來說，部分答案可能是通常被稱為p53的基因，它也幫助人類和很多其他動物修復(fù)復(fù)制過程中受損的DNA)”可知，本文主要講解并描述了為什么長壽的動物們不會患癌癥的問題。故選A。DOnlineeatingshows,orMukbang(直播吃飯),originatedinSouthKoreaandhavegainedpopularityglobally.Manyhostsofsuchshowshavebecomepopularfortheirabilitytoeatlargeamountsoffood.Buttheseshowshavealsoreceivedcriticismfortheirwasteoffood.Whilesomehostsactuallydoconsumetheamountoffoodshown,othersmaybefakingit.OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishowandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably.”InJune2020,theUnitedNationswarnedthattheworldisonthevergeoftheworstfoodcrisisin50years.AccordingtotheFoodandAgricultureOrganizationoftheUnitedNations,aboutathirdoftheworld’sfood-1.3billiontons-iswastedeveryyear.InChinaalone,50milliontonsoffoodendsupinlandfillseveryyear,accordingtoBeijingNews.Recently,campaignsagainstfoodwastehavebeenfurtherpromoted.InAugust,PresidentXiJinpingstressedtheneedforsafeguardingfoodsecurityandstoppingfoodwaste.AccordingtoChinaDaily,restaurantsandcateringassociationsinmorethan18provincesandall4municipalcitieshaveissuedguidelinestocontrolfoodwaste.InShanxiprovince,localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.TheWuhanCateringAssociationproposedthatrestaurantsadoptthe“N-1mode”.Forexample,agroupof10dinersshouldonlyorderenoughforninepeoplefirst.Morefoodisonlybroughttothetableifrequired.Inaddition,anationwide“ClearYourPlate”campaignhasbeenlaunchedonline.UsersofSinaWeiboareencouragedtosharephotosorvideosofemptyplatesafterfinishingtheirmeals.Meanwhile,newlawsarealsobeingconsidered,accordingtoChinadaily.“Wewillmakenewlawsthatgiveclearinstructionsonavoidingfoodwaste,”saidZhangGuilongfromthelegislativeAffairsCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress.Theinstructionswillbedetailedineveryyearoffoodproduction,purchasingstorage,transportation,processingandconsumption,accordingtoZhang.12.WhatisCCTV’sattitudetowardonlineeatingshows?A.Supportive. B.Critical. C.Objective. D.Unclear.13.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph4?A.Mostvideomediaarecontributingtostoppingfoodwaste.B.Weshouldeatupallthefoodonthetable.C.It’shardtocarryout"ClearYourPlatecampaign.D.Allthevideosthatshowfoodwastehavebeenremoved.14.Whatcanwedotoavoidfoodwaste?A.Wecanadoptthe“N+1mode”.B.Wecaneatmorefoodthanweneed.C.Wecanchoosenottowatchonlineeatingshows.D.Wecanasktherestaurantstoserveushalfportions.15.What’sthepassagemainlyabout?A.Onlineeatingshowsshouldbebanned.B.Newlawsshouldbemadetoavoidfoodwaste.C.Measuresarebeingtakentostopfoodwaste.D.Weshouldsharephotosorvideosofemptyplates.【答案】12.B13.A14.D15.C【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新聞報道。介紹了直播吃飯存在食物奢侈的現(xiàn)象，近日直播平臺紛紛表態(tài)，相關(guān)的立法工作也在主動開展，全國各地也主動響應(yīng)，杜絕“舌尖上的奢侈”?！?2題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段內(nèi)容“OnAug12,CCTVexposedseveralChinesehostswhowerepretendingtoeatlargeamountsoffoodwhileoncamera,butactuallylaterthrewitaway.”可知，在8月12日，央視曝光了幾個中國主播在鏡頭前假裝吃大量食物但后來卻把食物扔掉的行為。由此可推出央視對onlineeatingshows持“指責(zé)”的看法。故選B項?！?3題詳解】推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第四段內(nèi)容“Todiscouragethispractice,manyvideoandlivestreamingplatforms,includingDouyin,KuaishowandBilibili,haveremovedvideosthatshowfoodwaste,andhavepromotedmessagesto“stopfoodwasteandeatreasonably.””可知，為了阻擋虛假直播吃飯、奢侈糧食的行為，抖音、快手、嗶哩嗶哩等多家視頻和直播平臺已經(jīng)刪除了展示奢侈食物的視頻，并推出了“停止食物奢侈，合理飲食”的信息。由此可推出，視頻媒體正在為阻擋食物奢侈做著貢獻(xiàn)。故選A項。【14題詳解】細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第九段“InShanxiprovince,localrestaurantshavebeenaskedtoservehalfportionstoavoidwaste.”可知，在山西省，餐廳被要求供應(yīng)一半的食物重量來避開奢侈?？芍?，為了避開奢侈，我們可以要求餐廳給我們一半的重量。故選D項?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，本文主要介紹了直播吃飯存在食物奢侈的現(xiàn)象，近日直播平臺紛紛表態(tài)，相關(guān)的立法工作也在主動開展，全國各地也主動響應(yīng)，杜絕“舌尖上的奢侈”，故選C項。其次節(jié)：七選五(共5小題;每小題2分，滿分10分)依據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從短文后的選項中途出能填入空白處的最佳選項。選項中有兩項為多余選項。Istoppedtowatchmylittlegirlbusyplayinginherroom.Inonehandwasaplasticphone,andintheotherhandwasatoybroom.Ilistenedasshespoketohermake-believe(假裝的)littlefriend.____16____Shesaid,“Suzie’sinthecornerbecauseshe’sbeenbehavingbadly.Shedidn’tlistentoanythingIsaid.”InthecomerIsawherbabydollalldressedinpink.Itwasobviousshe’dbeenputtositaloneandthink.____17____Shecontinued,“I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.____18____Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”ThatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsomechangesinmylife.____19____Ihadn’tbeenpayingenoughattentiontomydeardaughter.I’dbeencaughtupinresponsibilitiesthatincreasedthroughouttheyears.Butnowmyattitudehaschanged.I’veseentheworldinadifferentlightthroughmylittledarling’seyes.Soletthecobwebs(蜘蛛網(wǎng))havethecomersandthedustrulethefloor.I’mnotgoingtoworryaboutkeepingupwiththemanymore.____20____Wearegrantedonlyonechildhoodandwewillnevergetanother.A.Idon’thavethetimetoteachher.B.Herinnocentwordscutmelikeaknife.C.Mydaughterwastheonlychildinthefamilythen.D.I’mgoingtofillthehousewithmemoriesofachildandhermother.E.Mydaughtercontinuedher“conversation”asIsatdownonthefloor.F.AndI’llneverforgetthewordsshesaid,eventhoughtheywereimagined.G.Whatapityitisformetotreatherlikethat,forIamtheypersonshetrusts【答案】16.F17.E18.A19.B20.D【解析】【導(dǎo)語】這是一篇夾敘夾議的文章。文章主要講解并描述的是作者通過與女兒相處的一件小事明白了孩子的童年只有一個，從而確定放下手中種種，更好地陪伴女兒度過一個歡樂的童年?！?6題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Istoppedtowatchmylittlegirlbusyplayinginherroom.Inonehandwasaplasticphone,andintheotherhandwasatoybroom.Ilistenedasshespoketohermake-believe(假裝的)littlefriend.(我停下來看我的小女兒在她的房間里忙著玩。一只手拿著一個塑料電話，另一只手拿著一個玩具掃帚。我聽著她和她虛構(gòu)的小摯友說話。)”可知女兒一個人在自顧自地和虛構(gòu)的小摯友說話玩耍，依據(jù)空后“Shesaid,“Suzie’sinthecornerbecauseshe’sbeenbehavingbadly.Shedidn’tlistentoanythingIsaid.”(她說：“Suzie在角落里，因為她始終表現(xiàn)不好。我說什么她都沒聽進(jìn)去?！?”可知此處講的是女兒和虛構(gòu)的摯友之間的對話，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講我聽到女兒這些話時的反應(yīng)，F(xiàn)項AndI’llneverforgetthewordsshesaid,eventhoughtheywereimagined.(我恒久不會遺忘她說的話，即使那是想象出來的。)指出作者聽到女兒與虛構(gòu)的小摯友對話時的反應(yīng)，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選F項?！?7題詳解】依據(jù)空后“Shecontinued,“I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.____3____Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”(她接著說道，“我受夠了。我只是不知道該拿她怎么辦。我一上班她就哭。她從來不讓我做我必需做的事。她試著幫我洗碗。而且她不知道怎么疊毛巾。我沒時間教她。我有很多工作要做，還有一間大房子要打掃。我沒有時間坐下來玩。莫非你不明白我的意思嗎？”)”可知此處講的是女兒和虛構(gòu)小摯友的談話內(nèi)容，空處位于句首，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是我聽到女兒在接著著她和虛擬小摯友的談話。E項Mydaughtercontinuedher“conversation”asIsatdownonthefloor.(我在地板上坐下時，女兒接著她的“談話”。)指出我聽到女兒在接著著她與小摯友的談話，符合上下文語境。故選E項?！?8題詳解】依據(jù)空前““I’mfedup.Ijustdon’tknowwhattodowithher.ShecrieswheneverIhavetowork.SheneverletsmedothethingsthatIjusthavetodo.Shetriestohelpmewiththedishes.Andshedoesn’tknowhowtofoldtowels.(“我受夠了。我只是不知道該拿她怎么辦。我一上班她就哭。她從來不讓我做我必需做的事。她試著幫我洗碗。而且她不知道怎么疊毛巾。)”可知此處講的是女兒在對虛構(gòu)的小摯友訴說Suzie讓她不滿的種種，依據(jù)空后“Ihavelotsofworktodoandabighousetokeepclean.Idon’thavethetimetositandplay.Don’tyouknowwhatImean?”(我有很多工作要做，還有一間大房子要打掃。我沒有時間坐下來玩。莫非你不明白我的意思嗎？”)”可知此處講的是女兒在告知虛構(gòu)的小摯友自己之所以不能坐下來陪伴Suzie是因為自己有很多家務(wù)要做，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講女兒指出Suzie不會疊毛巾的緣由是因為自己沒有時間教她，A項Idon’thavethetimetoteachher.(我沒時間教她。)指出Suzie不會疊毛巾的緣由是因為自己沒有時間去教她，符合上下文語境。故選A項?！?9題詳解】依據(jù)空前“ThatdayIthoughtalotaboutmakingsomechangesinmylife.(那天我想了很多，想要變更我的生活。)”可知聽了女兒的話之后我想要作出變更，依據(jù)空后“Ihadn’tbeenpayingenoughattentiontomydeardaughter.I’dbeencaughtupinresponsibilitiesthatincreasedthroughouttheyears.(我沒有對我敬愛的女兒賜予足夠的關(guān)注。這些年來，我的責(zé)任越來越重。)”可知此處講的是女兒的話促使我進(jìn)行了自我反省，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是女兒的話讓我有了觸動，所以我確定進(jìn)行變更，B項Herinnocentwordscutmelikeaknife.(她天真的話語像刀一樣刺痛了我。)指出女兒天真的話讓我心靈受到觸動，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選B項?！?0題詳解】依據(jù)空前“Butnowmyattitudehaschanged.I’veseentheworldinadifferentlightthroughmylittledarling’seyes.Soletthecobwebs(蜘蛛網(wǎng))havethecomersandthedustrulethefloor.I’mnotgoingtoworryaboutkeepingupwiththemanymore.(但現(xiàn)在我的看法變更了。通過我敬愛的小珍寶的眼睛，我看到了一個不同的世界。所以讓蜘蛛網(wǎng)占據(jù)角落，讓灰塵統(tǒng)治地板。我再也不用擔(dān)憂如何跟上他們了。)”可知女兒的話讓決心變更我的生活，所以我再也不會在房間的整理方面投入太多精力，因為我要將更多的時間用來和女兒歡樂地相處，依據(jù)空后“Wearegrantedonlyonechildhood,andwewillnevergetanother.(我們的童年只有一次，而且恒久不會有其次次。)”可知作者意識到孩子的童年只有一次，所以應(yīng)當(dāng)賜予孩子更多的關(guān)注和陪伴，空處承上啟下，所以空處應(yīng)當(dāng)講的是我決心將更多的精力投入到女兒的成長中，力爭在房間的每一個角落都留下母女美妙的回憶，D項I’mgoingtofillthehousewithmemoriesofachildandhermother.(我要用一個孩子和她媽媽的回憶填滿屋子。)指出作者確定作出變更，要用女兒和媽媽的回憶填滿房間，承接上文，引出下文，符合上下文語境。故選D項。第三部分：語言學(xué)問運用(共兩節(jié)，滿分45分)第一節(jié)：(共20小題;每小題15分，滿分30分)閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個選項中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。TwoofthesaddestwordsintheEnglishlanguageare“ifonly”.Ilivemylifewiththe___21___ofneverhavingtosaythosewords.Thetwowords___22___regret,lostopportunities,mistakes,and___23___.Andsometimesthewords“ifonly”gowith___24___disasters.Thinkabouthowmanytimesyouhaveheardaboutsomethingawfulhappening,___25___by"ifonlyhehadcalledherbacktomakesureshewasokay.”or“ifonlyIhad___26___thatnoise...”Myfather-in-lawis___27___inourfamilyforsaying,“___28___anextraminutetodoitright.”Hemustbedoingsomething___29___,sinceheis91yearsoldandstilldoingthingsright.Ialways____30____tolivebythe“extraminute”rule.SometimesitonlytakessecondstomakesureIwritethewordsdown____31____,orchecksomeinformationontheInternet,ormoveanobject____32____beforeittrips（絆倒）someone.Andofcoursewhenmychildrenwereyoungand____33____tocauseallkindsoftroubles,Ilivedandstucktothe“extraminute”____34____.IalwaysthoughtaboutwhatIcoulddoto____35____an“ifonly”moment,whetheritwassomethingsimplelikemovingacupfullofhotcoffeeawayfromtheedgeofacounter,orsomethingthatrequiredalittlemoreworksuchastapingpadding(襯墊)ontothe____36____cornersofaglasstable.Iknowtherewillstillbe____37____whenIhavetosay“ifonly”aboutsomething,butmylifeissurelymorepeacefulbecauseofmyprincipleofdoingeverythingpossibletoavoidthat____38____.Andeventhoughittakesanextraminutetodosomethingright,oritoccasionallyta