新教材2024版高中英語Unit2IconicAttractionsSectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage學(xué)生用書新人教版選擇性必修第四冊

SectionⅡLearningAboutLanguage每/日/金/句：Travelmakeswisemenwiserandfoolsmoreignorant.—TotoFuller旅游使智者更智，愚者更昧?！型懈＠照Z言基礎(chǔ)集釋1(教材原句)EthnicminoritygroupsinChinaareoftenentitledtospecialfundsfromthegovernmenttohelpprotecttheirculturalheritage.中國的少數(shù)民族通常有權(quán)獲得政府的專項(xiàng)資金，以幫助愛護(hù)他們的文化遺產(chǎn)?！騟ntitlevt.給……命名；使享有權(quán)利(1)entitlesb.tosth.給予某人某事或擁有某物的權(quán)利entitlesth....把……命名為……entitlesb.todosth.給予某人做某事的權(quán)利(2)titlen.標(biāo)題；頭銜[佳句]Everychildinourcountryisentitledtofreeeducationatschool.在我國，每個孩子都有權(quán)在學(xué)校接受免費(fèi)教化。[練通]——單句語法填空①Excellentperformanceinthecollegeentranceexaminationentitledhim________(admit)intoakeyuniversity.②Thebook,________(entitle)ReadPoetryandLearnHistorybyWangChunyong,issuitablefortheforeignerstolearnclassicalChinesepoetry.[寫美]——應(yīng)用文佳句③她于2004年首次獲得了世界冠軍的稱號。She________________oftheworld'schampionin2004forthefirsttime.2(教材原句)Unfortunately,elephantsareendangeredinThailand,butspecialparkshavebeensetuptoprotecttheirsafetyandfreedom.不幸的是，在泰國大象面臨滅亡，但已經(jīng)建立起特地的公園來愛護(hù)它們的平安和自由?！騠reedomn．自由；不受……影響的狀態(tài)(1)havethefreedomof.../todosth.有(做)……的自由(2)befreetodosth.自由做某事(3)set...free釋放……；使……獲得自由freefrom/of...不受……影響的；無……的free...from...使擺脫；從……中解脫forfree/freeofcharge免費(fèi)[佳句]Ourcountryisaplacewherefreedomofspeechisguaranteed,socitizenscanoftenheardifferentideas.我們國家是一個言論自由得到保障的地方，所以公民常?？梢月牭讲煌南敕?。[練通]——單句語法填空①Peoplefromallwalksoflifeshouldbuildasocietywheretheykeeptheirchildrenfree________violence.②Butsuchcommitmentcanalsoweakenasenseof________(free)．[寫美]——一句多譯最使我滿足的是我有選擇所喜愛東西的自由。③Whatsatisfiesmemostisthat________________________．(freedom)④Whatsatisfiesmemostisthat________________________．(free)語法專項(xiàng)突破復(fù)習(xí)過去分詞[自主感知]①Locatedtothesouthoftheequator，belowmanyothercountriesontheglobe，it'softeninformallyreferredtoas“downunder”．②I'mmoreinterestedinmeetingpeopleinAustraliaandexperiencingtheirculture，food，andwayoflife.③Mostoftheirmusicalinstrumentsarereallyjuststicksfoundontheground，amongwhichthereisanamazinginstrumentcalledthedidgeridoo.④Askilledplayercanplayforalongtimewithoutstoppingtobreathe.⑤Itriedtolearnhowtoplayit，butaftertryingforhours，IwasconvincedthatIcouldnevermakeamusicalsoundwiththisinstrument!⑥Althoughthemainculturalinfluencesince1788hasbeenWesternculture，minoritycultureshavealsoplayedapartinshapingtheuniqueAustralianculture，withmanyofthenewculturalinfluencescontributedbyimmigrants.[我的發(fā)覺]1．句②和句⑤中為單個的過去分詞作________。2．句④中為單個的過去分詞作定語，常常放于被修飾名詞的________；句③中為過去分詞短語作定語，常常放于被修飾名詞的________。3．句⑥中為過去分詞短語作________。[語法規(guī)則]過去分詞是非謂語動詞形式之一。過去分詞保留著動詞的部分特性，有完成或被動含義，可帶狀語構(gòu)成過去分詞短語。在句法功能上，過去分詞(短語)與形容詞或副詞作用類似，在句子中可充當(dāng)定語、狀語、賓語補(bǔ)足語、表語等成分。一、過去分詞作定語及物動詞的過去分詞作定語往往表示被動和完成；不及物動詞的過去分詞作定語不表示被動，只表示完成。1．表示被動和完成Thissciencefictionpublishedlastyearispopularwithyoungmen.去年出版的這本科幻小說深受年輕人的歡迎。Theappointmentmadeyesterdaywascancelledbecauseofanurgentevent.由于緊急的活動昨天的預(yù)約被取消了。2．表完成，不表示被動Therearemanyfallenleavesontheground.地上有許多落葉。[名師指津]過去分詞作定語和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語的區(qū)分：(1)語態(tài)不同：現(xiàn)在分詞表示主動；過去分詞表示被動。①Theherbplantedlastyearisthrivinginthegarden.去年種的草藥在園子里蒸蒸而上。②Thehousestandingatthecornerofthestreetwasbuiltin2016.聳立在街道角落的那所房子是在2016年建立的。(2)過去分詞(done)、現(xiàn)在分詞的被動語態(tài)(beingdone)與動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)(tobedone)作定語的區(qū)分①Thebuildingbuiltlastyearisourclassroombuilding.去年建立的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。②Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowisourclassroombuilding.現(xiàn)在正在建立的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。③Thebuildingtobebuiltnextmonthisourclassroombuilding.下個月將要建立的樓是我們的教學(xué)樓。[巧學(xué)活用1]——單句語法填空①FitnessMagazinerecentlyrananarticle________(title)“FiveReasonstoThankYourWorkoutPartner.”②Inthesciencesandarts,those________(praise)asgeniusesweremostoftenwhitemen,ofEuropeanorigin.③Atthestartofthe20thcentury,anAmericanengineer________(name)JohnElfrethWatkinsmadepredictionsaboutlifetoday.④Tellthechildren________(play)outsidenottomaketoomuchnoise.⑤Theplayers________(select)fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.二、過去分詞作表語位于系動詞(如be,get,become,look,feel,seem等)之后，多表示主語的狀態(tài)或狀況，它所體現(xiàn)的是形容詞的特性。①Seeinghisfiguredisappearingintothickevergreenforest,Ifeltrelieved.看著他的身影消逝在茂密的常綠森林中，我感到如釋重負(fù)。②Knowingthatyou'regoingtovisitourcitywithyourparents,I'mpleasedtogiveyousomesuggestions.知道你要和你的父母一起來我們的城市，我很興奮給你一些建議。③ThewholeworldisshockedandsorrowfulwiththedeathofYuanLongping.全世界對袁隆平的去世感到震驚和哀痛。[名師指津]過去分詞作表語與被動語態(tài)的區(qū)分過去分詞作表語時，強(qiáng)調(diào)主語所處的狀態(tài)，而動詞的被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者，強(qiáng)調(diào)動作。①Thecupisbroken.杯子破了。(系表結(jié)構(gòu))②ThecupwasbrokenbyTom.杯子是被湯姆打破的。(被動語態(tài))[巧學(xué)活用2]——單句語法填空①Itwasonlythenextdaywhenhewasabouttotakebath,herememberedthewatchwas________(lose)．②Whilerock-climbing,youneedtoremainvery________(focus)sothatyouwon'tmakeanydangerouserrors.③Everythingthathappensnextduringtheproceduremustbe________(relate)tothisstory.④Mychildhoodwas________(fill)witharts,craftsandmusic,andeverydaywasanexcitingadventureofcreation.三、過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語與賓語有著動賓關(guān)系，賓語是過去分詞所表示的動作的承受者。以下是幾類能夠接過去分詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語的動詞(短語)。1．表示感覺或心理狀態(tài)的動詞(短語)，如see,watch,observe,find,lookat,hear,listento,feel,notice等。Thepremierwasgladtoseethispoliticalproblemsolvedinapeacefulway.總理很興奮看到這個政治問題以和平方式得到解決。2．表示“致、使”意義的動詞，如have,make,get,keep,leave等。Ifyouwanttomakeyourselfrespected,youareabovealltorespectothers.假如你想讓自己被敬重，你必需首先敬重別人。[名師指津]“have＋賓語＋過去分詞”的三種含義(1)表示“讓某人做某事”I'llhavemyhaircuttomorrow.明天我要去理發(fā)。(2)表示“遭受某種不幸；受到打擊”Hehadhiswalletstolen.他的錢包被偷了。(3)做某事(主語可能參與其中)Ihadmyhouserepairedlastweek.上周，我修補(bǔ)了房子。3．表示“希望、要求”等意義的動詞，如like,want,wish,order等。Thissalesmanwouldlikethismattersettledatonce.這位售貨員希望此事立即得到解決。4．with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)中Withmyhomeworkfinished,Iwentfishingwithmyfather.做完家庭作業(yè)后，我和爸爸去釣魚了。[巧學(xué)活用3]——單句語法填空①Everynightitgoesontheweb，keepingparentsandtheworld________(inform)ofthehappeningsatPali.②Eventhebestwriterssometimesfindthemselves________(lose)forwords.③Theseincludeplantsthathavesensors________(print)ontotheirleavestoshow.④Theymakegreatgiftsandyouseethemmanytimes________(decorate)withredenvelopesandmessagesofgoodfortune.⑤IneedanewpassportsoIwillhavetohavemyphotograph________(take)．⑥Withthecompany________(take)overbythetalentedyoungman,itwillhaveapromisingfuture.四、過去分詞(短語)作狀語表示被動或完成的動作，可以表示時間、緣由、條件、讓步、方式或伴隨狀況等。1．作時間狀語過去分詞作時間狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個when,while,after,once等引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。Seenfromthetopofthemountain,thewholetownlooksmorebeautiful.Whenitisseenfromthetopofthemountain,thewholetownlooksmorebeautiful.從山頂上看，整個城市看起來更美了。2．作緣由狀語過去分詞作緣由狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個as,since,because等引導(dǎo)的緣由狀語從句。①Inspiredbytheenthusiasmandencouragement,Davidquickenedhispaceinhighspirits.＝Becausehewasinspiredbytheenthusiasmandencouragement,Davidquickenedhispaceinhighspirits.在熱忱和激勵的鼓舞下，大衛(wèi)興致勃勃地加快了步伐。②Absorbedinwritingasciencefiction,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.＝BecauseJohnwasabsorbedinwritingasciencefiction,Johndidn'tnoticeeveningapproaching.由于用心寫科幻小說，約翰沒有留意到夜幕正在駕臨 。3．作條件狀語過去分詞作條件狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個if,unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句。Givenanotherchance,hewillbesuperiortohisbrother.＝Ifheisgivenanotherchance,hewillbesuperiortohisbrother.再給他一次機(jī)會，他會做得比他哥哥更好。4．作讓步狀語過去分詞作讓步狀語時，相當(dāng)于一個though,although,evenif/though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句。Exhaustedbytherunning,hewentonrunningafterthepetdog.＝Althoughhewasexhaustedbytherunning,hewentonrunningafterthepetdog.盡管已經(jīng)跑得力倦神疲，他還是接著追逐著寵物狗。5．作方式或伴隨狀語過去分詞作方式或伴隨狀語時，可以轉(zhuǎn)換成一個并列句。Amanshoutedbackasherantome,followedbymygirlfriendbreathlessly.＝Amanshoutedbackasherantome,andhewasfollowedbymygirlfriendbreathlessly.一個男人一邊向我跑過來，一邊喊著回應(yīng)，我女摯友上氣不接下氣地跟在他后面。[名師指津]過去分詞作狀語的留意事項(xiàng)(1)過去分詞作狀語時，其前面可以帶有相應(yīng)的連詞，如when,though,although,asif,asthough,if,unless,until,once等，表時間、讓步、條件、方式等。If(Iam)invited,Iwillattendtheweddingofmyfriend.假如受到邀請，我會參與我摯友的婚禮。(2)過去分詞(短語)作狀語時，分詞的邏輯主語與句子的主語要一樣。Caught,thethiefwillbepunishedbythepolice.(caught的邏輯主語為thethief)小偷假如被抓，就會受到警方的懲罰。(3)有些過去分詞已形容詞化，作狀語時表示人的狀態(tài)。常見的有satisfied,surprised,interested,moved,worried,pleased,disappointed等。Disappointedattheexaminationresults,thegirlstoodtherewithoutsayingaword.因?yàn)閷荚嚱Y(jié)果很悲觀，小女孩站在那里一句話也沒說。[巧學(xué)活用4]——句型轉(zhuǎn)換①AsIwasmoved