初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞用法講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

初中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法介詞用法講解及專項(xiàng)練習(xí)

【考點(diǎn)講解】

(-)表示時(shí)間的介詞

1.at+時(shí)間點(diǎn)，表示某一時(shí)刻或時(shí)間上的某一點(diǎn)。如：atsixo'clock/atnoon(atChristmas)

on+具體日期，表示某一天，某一天的上午、下午或晚上。onChildren'sDay

in+世紀(jì)/年/季節(jié)/月份/泛指上午、下午或晚上.如：insummer/inthemorning/in2016

atseveno'clock

at表示具體的時(shí)刻

athalfpasttwo

主要用于具體的某一天或某一天的上onMonday

onAugust8th,2015

on午、下午或晚上，還用于具有某種特征

onthenightofNationalDay

的一天onarainyevening

inthe21stcentury/in2010/

in用于世紀(jì)、年、季節(jié)、月

inspring/inJanuary

inthemorning/afternoon/eveninginmanyways

固定

atnoon/night/midnightattheendofattheageof

用法

atthesametime

2.during表示期間的某個(gè)時(shí)期一段時(shí)間表示多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間時(shí)間點(diǎn)表示自從時(shí)起

“in+時(shí)間段”用于將來(lái)時(shí)“after+時(shí)間段”用于過(guò)去時(shí)

Hehaslivedheresince3yearsago.Hewillcomebackinfivedays.

JimwenttoJinhuaafteraweek.

3.till/until:表示某動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)延續(xù)到某一時(shí)間，意為“直到…才

by：意為“到…為止”、“在…之前”。

before:意為“在某時(shí)之前

4.from...to:從…到

Ihaven'tseenherfromthenon.

JimgoestoschoolfromMondaytoFriday.

5.after主要用于表示時(shí)間；behind主要用于表示位置

Youshouldtakeawalkafterdinner.Thepictureisbehindthedoor.

（二）表示方位的介詞

1.in/on/at/to

at:接小地點(diǎn)或表示“在…旁邊”in:接大地點(diǎn)或“在???范圍之內(nèi)”

on:表示接壤to:表示“在…范圍之外”，并不接壤

Eg:Hearrivedourschoolyesterday.

Mr.SmitharrivedBeijinglastweek.

ZhejiangistheeastofChina.

JapanistheeastofChina.

RussiaisthenorthofChina.

2.on/above/over/below/under

on:表示在某物體上面并有接觸

above:表示“在???上方”，不強(qiáng)調(diào)是否垂直；與below相對(duì)

over:表示“在…正上方”，是垂直的高度；與under相對(duì)

Eg:Theplaneisflyingmyhead.

Thereisabridgetheriver.

Therearemanybooksthedesk.

Pleasewriteyournametheline.

Thereisadogthechair.

3.across/through/past/over

across:表示從物體表面穿過(guò)through:表示從物體內(nèi)部穿過(guò)

past:表示從某一物體的旁邊經(jīng)過(guò)over:表示“越過(guò)”，跨過(guò)一段距離

Eg:Theboyranthestreet.

TheWujiangRiverrunsJinhua.

Hewalkedtheforest.

Thelittleboycanswimtheriveralone.

4.between/among

between:指兩者之間。常與and連用(between...and...)

among:指在三者及三者以上的之間

Eg:Thereisashopbetweenthehospitalandhotel.

Theteacherisstandingamongthestudents.

5.infrontof:表示在某一空間外部的前面

inthefrontof:表示在某一空間內(nèi)部的前面

Eg:Thereisaparkmyschool.

Thereisablackboardourclassroom.

6.into進(jìn)入；用于表示有特定終點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，常與表示動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞連用，如：come,go,run,等。

outof從…中出來(lái)；也表示有一定的運(yùn)動(dòng)方向，常與動(dòng)詞連用

off:表示脫離某一地方

(三)表示方式的介詞

1.by/in/on表示旅行的方式

by+交通工具表示“乘…(交通工具)"：bybus/bike/car

in/on表示旅行方式及確定特指的交通時(shí)：inacar/intheplane/onhisbike

2.with/by/in均可表示“用；通過(guò)”，表示行為方式、手段或使用工具

with用于有形的工具或身體某些器官之前

by/in多用于無(wú)形的工具或方式手段之前

Eg:Theboycanwritewithhistwohandsatthesametime.

HestudiesEnglishbylisteningtotheradioeveryday.

【注意】in的其他用法：

(1)用于某種材料或語(yǔ)言、聲音等

Eg:SayitinEnglish./Hetoldmethenewsinalowvoice.

(2)以…方式inthisway用這種方法

Eg:Weshouldbehaveinapoliteway.

⑶in+顏色表示“穿著…顏色的衣服"inred穿紅色的衣服

（四）其他介詞

1.besides:除了…還有（包括后面的賓語(yǔ)）

exc叩t:除了…之外（不包括后面的賓語(yǔ)）exceptfor

including:包括...

（五）介詞詞組辨析

1.onthetree:表示“樹(shù)上本身長(zhǎng)的東西“在樹(shù)上

inthetree:表示“外界的物體在樹(shù)上“

Eg:Therearesomeapplesthetree.Thereisaboythetree.

2.inthewall:表示“門窗/洞在墻上”

onthewall:表示“地圖/黑板/圖畫(huà)在墻上“

Eg:apicturethewallthewindowthewall

（六）介詞短語(yǔ)搭配

1.介詞與名詞的搭配

athomeondutyintimeontimefromtimetotime

onfootonshowbythewayinthiswayonone'sway(to)

atworkindangerintroubleonsalebymistakes

insilenceinpiecesinpeaceintheendinawordinfact

2.介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配

gettogetongetoffgetintogetoutofgetonwellwith

getupgetreadyfbrtalkto/withsmileatlaughat

takeofftakeawayhearof/abouthearfromknockon/at

lookforwardtopayattentiontobe/getusedtoturnonturndown

turnupturnoffarrivein/atworryabouttakecareofcareabout

pointatfindouthandinthinkaboutthinkofpayfbrshoutat

comefromcatch/keepupwithtakepartinwaitforlookat

lookforlookafterlookoutlookaroundlookintolooklike

3.介詞與形容詞搭配

beafraidofbeangrywithbeproudofbegoodatbesorryfor

begoodforbefriendlytobekindtobestrictwithbefamousfor

belateforbedifferentfrombemadeof/from/inbeinterestedin

bewomedaboutbecarefulwithbefullofbeexcitedaboutbefilledwith

bebusywithbesurprisedatbehappywithbesatisfied/pleasedwith

課堂練習(xí)

1.—Aperson'slifeislikearoadlotsofdifficulties.

-Yes.soweneedpositiveenergy.

2.Benwashelpinghismotherwhentherainbegantobeatheavilythewindows.

3.Incoldwinter,thetemperatureinHarbinoftenremainszeroallday.

4.--Doyourememberwhatshelookedlikewhenyoufirstmether?

---Ofcourse.Shewastallandthinlonghair.

5.-WhenisLangLang'sconcert?

-It'sthreeo'clocktheafternoonofDecember18th.

6.-DoyouknowaboutFlorenceNightingale?

-Yes,shewaswell-knownanurseinEnglandherkindnesstothesickandwounded

soldiers.

7.TheDragonBoatFestivalthisyearwillcomefourdays.

8.—IfsreportedthattheOrientalStarCruises（"東方之星"號(hào)游船）sankJune1st,2015.

■一I'msorrytohearthat.

9.—Whoisyourfavoritesinger,Mike?

---TFBoys.Theyareveryboysandgirls.

10.-Couldyoutellmethewaytherailwaystation?

--Goalongthisroadandsoonyou'llfindit.

11.—Thecharitywalkbegins9:00.Don'tbelate.—Noproblem.

12.-IheartwohighspeedrailwayswillbebuiltinXiangyangafewyears.

---Thatsoundsgreat.It911bemoreconvenientandfasterforustogoout.

13.Thebankisthebookstoreandthepostoffice.

14.AterribleearthquakehappenedinNepalApril25th,2015.

15.WhenIgotintotheroom,Greenwastalkingthephone.

鞏固練習(xí)

1.themorningofSeptember8th,manyvisitorsarnvedthetrainstationforatour.

A.In;atB.On;toC.In;inD.On;at

2.—Whenwereyouborn?

一Iwasbomacoldwintermorningin1994.

A.inB.atC.onD.of

3.freeeducation,moreandmorepoorchildrencangobacktoschoolinthemountain.

A.WithoutB.ThankstoC.Insteadof

4.MostofmyclassmateswerebomJune,1998.

A.inB.onC.atD.of

5.—Excuseme.Couldyoutellmethewaythenearestsupermarket?

—Godownthestreetandturnleft.Thenyou'llseeit.

A.toB.ofC.inD.at

6.Mostpeoplearebuildingapaperfactorynearhere.Theyareworriedtheriverwillgetpolluted.

A.forB.withC.againstD.beyond

7.---Danielisaboyoffewwords.

--But,heiswarm-hearted.

A.inahurryB.infactC.intheendD.aboveall

8.Theblindmanwalkedacrossthestreetthehelpofaboy.

A.byB.atC.inD.with

9.Someworkersinthatfactoryhavetoworknight.

A.atB.forC.withD.among

10.一Howlonghaveyoustayedinthishotel?

一Notlong,justthisMonday.

A.fromB.sinceC.forD.on

11.CambridgeisasmallcitytheeastofEngland.

A.betweenB.withC.inD.under

12.——I'mafraidtheboycan'tdealwiththeproblem.

—Me,too.,heisonly8yearsold.

A.IngeneralB.SofarC.AfterallD.Forexample

13.Everyonewantstowin.But__me,themostimportantthingistolearnsomethingnewandhavefun.

A.asforB.thankstoC.insteadofD.suchas

14.--Didyouhaveasportsmeetingyesterday?

---No,wedidn't.Itwasputofftheheavyrain.

A.insteadofB.becauseofC.asforD.acrossborn

15.--Lookatthoseteachersoverthere.Whichisyournewartteacher?

-Themancurlyhair.Heisveryfunny.

A.withB.inC.onD.for

16.——LiNaisgoodattennis.Sheismyfavoriteplayer.

—Yes.EveryoneisinChinaisproudher.

A.ofB.forC.withD.in

17.Wecansavemoneycookingourownmealsinsteadofeatingoutside.

A.byB.toC.forD.with

18.Youmustrideyourbiketherightsideoftheroad.

A.atB.onC.inD.for

19.一Thisproblemisfarme,TmafraidIcan'tworkitout.

-Don'tworry,wewillhelpyou.

A.beyondB.besideC.behindD.between

20.The2014TournamentChess（國(guó)際象棋錦標(biāo)賽）tookplaceinXinghuaMarch11.

A.inB.atC.onD./

21.Thecastlestandsinaquietplacethemainroadatthefarendoftheriver.

A.toB.forC.offD.out

22.一Aperson'slifeislikearoadlotsofdifficulties.

—Yes,soweneedpositiveenergy.

A.byB.withC.alongD.during

23.Mothers'DayisthesecondSundayinMayintheUnitedStates.

A.onB.inC.atD.by

24.Momalwaystellsmethatnothingcanbelearnedhardwork.

A.withB.byC.forD.without

25.Canyoutellmewhathappenedhimjustnow?

A.withB.forC.toD.at

26.—What'sthisEnglish,XiaoWang?

一Ifsarobot.

A.forB.ofC.inD.by

27.Gina,what'sthisEnglish?

A.byB.forC.inD.with

28.■一I'msorry,sir.Ican'tfinishtheworkontime.

---Nevermind.,theworkisquitedifficult.

A.AtleastB.ForinstanceC.AfterallD.Firstofall

29.Now,peopleregarddrinkingteaaculturemorethanahabit.

A.asB.byC.ofD.with

30.一Whatwouldyoulikeyourafternoontea?

—Justacupofcoffeesomesugarandmilk.

A.of;withB.of;withoutC.for;withD.for;without

31.——I'msorry,sir.Tvemadealotofmistakesintheexam.

—Nevermind.,theexamisalittledifficult.

A.InallB.FirstofallC.AfterallD.Aboveall

32.ManycitiesinChina,Beijing,havebeendeeplyaffectedbydirtyair.

A.includingB.behindC.withoutD.beyond

33.1hopethetrainwillarriveontime,butit'smycontrol.

A.withinB.withoutC.underD.beyond

34.Whenpeoplementionplanes,itwillremindtheparentstheirdaughterontheMalaysianAirlines

planeMH370.

A.withB.forC.inD.of

35.Don'taskhimtostudytoolateintonight.,heisonlyachild.

A.AsaresultB.AfterallC.OnearthD.Forexample

36.Weareleavingtomorrow,wewillbebacknextFriday.

A.fromB.untilC.onD.since

37.—HowsoonwillhisfathercomebackfromLondon?_aweek.

A.SinceB.InC.AtD.On

38.Meimeiisabeautifulgirlbigeyesanddarkhair.

A.inB.onC.atD.with

39.It'sbelievedthatDecember21st,1891,thefirstbasketballgameinhistorywasplayed.

A.onB.inC.at