新教材2024版高中英語Unit2Alife'sworkSectionBUsinglanguage學(xué)生用書外研版選擇性必修第三冊

SectionBUsinglanguage?第一版塊|重點(diǎn)詞匯1．trialn．試驗(yàn)；試用；審判，審理?Childrenlearntousecomputerprogramsbytrialanderror.兒童通過反復(fù)摸索才學(xué)會運(yùn)用計(jì)算機(jī)程序。?Theyletmehavethecomputerontrialforthirtydays.他們讓我試用這臺電腦30天。?He'sontrialformurder.他因涉嫌謀殺罪而受審。bytrialanderror反復(fù)試驗(yàn)ontrial在試用，在復(fù)審beontrialforsth.因某項(xiàng)罪名受審判bringsb.totrial＝putsb.ontrial將某人送交法院審判[歸納拓展]“介詞on/in/at/under＋名詞”可表示某種狀態(tài)或持續(xù)的活動，此時(shí)名詞前一般不加冠詞。(1)onsale上市；減價(jià)銷售onholiday在休假onfire著火，失火onduty值班onshow在展出onbusiness出差(2)introuble處于逆境中indanger處于緊急中(3)atwar處于交戰(zhàn)狀態(tài)atpeace處于和平狀態(tài)attable在吃飯atwork在上班atschool在上學(xué)atrest休息(4)underdiscussion在探討中underconsideration在考慮中underrepair在修理中underconstruction在建設(shè)中[即學(xué)活用]完成句子①Youcanhavetheequipment______________________(試用),andifyoudon'tlikeityoucangiveitback.②Hersonis__________________________________(在受審)chargedwithmurder.單句語法填空③Noonehopesthetwocountrieswillbe________war,becausepeaceiswhateveryonewants.④Whenever________trouble,Ialwaysturntomygoodfriendforhelp.⑤Thissectionofmotorwaywillbe________repairuntilJanuary.⑥Thenewcoupleare________holidayinParisatpresent.2.contributev．捐獻(xiàn)，捐助，捐贈；造成，促成(某事發(fā)生)；撰稿；投稿；發(fā)表看法?Hisresearchhascontributedenormouslytoourunderstandingofthisdisease.他的探討對我們相識這一疾病貢獻(xiàn)很大。?Studentsareencouragedtocontributearticlestotheuniversitymagazine.學(xué)生們受到激勵(lì)向高校的雜志投稿。?Hemadeamajorcontributiontopeaceintheregion.他對該地區(qū)的和平作出了重要貢獻(xiàn)。(1)contribute(...)to...對……貢獻(xiàn)……；給……投稿contributeto導(dǎo)致(2)contributionn.捐款，捐資；貢獻(xiàn)；文稿makecontributionsto對……作貢獻(xiàn)[特殊提示]contribute后面的to為介詞，后跟名詞、代詞、動名詞[即學(xué)活用]單句語法填空①The________(contribute)ofeachindividualisessentialtothesuccessoftheproject.②Parentalinvolvementcontributessignificantly________children'slearning.③Alcoholcontributes________100，000deathsayearinthiscountry.識登記列單詞和短語[1]uniquenessn.獨(dú)特性[2]drought-resistantadj.抗旱的[3]adaptto適應(yīng)[4]becomefascinatedwith對……著迷[5]throughmuchtrialanderror通過大量的反復(fù)試驗(yàn)[6]carefor照料[7]resultin導(dǎo)致，造成[8]onadailybasis每天[9]becrucialto對……是至關(guān)重要的[10]allowfor考慮到，顧及[11]passaway去世[12]celebrated聞名的[13]dieout消逝，滅亡[14]beunderthreat受到威逼[15]letalone更不必說[16]substitute代替品[17]fadeout(聲音等)漸弱[18]undergo閱歷[19]acombinationof……的結(jié)合[20]enduretheextremeconditionsof忍受……的極端條件[21]backdown退讓，認(rèn)輸[22]thecuttingedge(ofsth.)(某事物發(fā)展的)尖端，最前沿[23]thinkoutsideofthebox不拘一格地思索[24]breaknewground開拓新的領(lǐng)域[25]dedicate...to...把……奉獻(xiàn)給……[26]prosperousadj.富有的，旺盛的?其次版塊|重點(diǎn)句型1．(教材P18)Withmanycraftshavingbeen,orabouttobe,lostforever,peoplearebeginningtograsptheimportanceofpreservingthosethatremain.隨著很多手工藝已經(jīng)或者即將恒久失傳，人們已經(jīng)意識到疼惜那些現(xiàn)存手工藝的重要性。[句式解構(gòu)]本句中的Withmanycraftshavingbeen,orabouttobe,lostforever是一個(gè)with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)。其構(gòu)成是with＋名詞＋動詞-ing形式/介詞短語，作狀語。?Therewererowsofwhitehouseswithtreesinfrontofthem.一排排白色的房子前面有樹。?Youcanattendtheclasswithyourcellphonepoweredoff.把手機(jī)關(guān)機(jī)，你就可以進(jìn)入教室上課。?Iwon'tbeabletogoonholidaywithmymotherbeingill.因?yàn)閶寢尣×?，我無法去度假。?Ican'tgooutwithalltheseclothestowash.要洗這些衣服，我無法出去了。[句式拓展]with復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)的其他形式(1)with＋名詞/代詞＋形容詞(2)with＋名詞/代詞＋副詞(3)with＋名詞/代詞＋介詞短語(4)with＋名詞/代詞＋動詞不定式(5)with＋名詞/代詞＋分詞[即學(xué)活用]完成句子①你不應(yīng)當(dāng)滿嘴食物說話。Youshouldn'tspeak_________________________________________________________．②他低著頭站在老師面前。Hestoodbeforehisteacher___________________________________________________．③她含著眼淚說了聲再見。Shesaidgoodbye___________________________________________________________．2.(教材P19)InOctober1964,Chinaexplodeditsfirstatomicbomb,markingasuccessfulstartofthe“twobombs,onesatellite”project,inwhichmorethan17，000scientistsandresearchersparticipated.1964年10月，中國引爆了第一顆原子彈，標(biāo)記著“兩彈一星”支配的勝利啟動，17000多名科學(xué)家和探討人員參加了此項(xiàng)支配。[句式解構(gòu)]本句中“makinga．..project”為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。作狀語的現(xiàn)在分詞的邏輯主語是句子的主語，表示時(shí)間、緣由、結(jié)果、條件、方式或伴隨等?，F(xiàn)在分詞的一般式表示的動作與謂語動詞表示的動作同時(shí)發(fā)生?，F(xiàn)在分詞的完成式表示的動作在謂語動詞表示的動作之前發(fā)生。?Havingworkedfortwodays,Stevefinallymanagedtofinishhisreportonschedule.史蒂夫工作了兩天，最終按時(shí)完成了他的報(bào)告。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作時(shí)間狀語)?Ihaveaverybusylifewithnotimetositaroundfeelingsorryformyself.我的生活很忙，沒有時(shí)間坐在那里顧影自憐。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作伴隨狀語)?Workingsomejokesintoherspeech,shegrabbedtheattentionoftheaudience.她在演講中加入了一些笑話，引起了聽眾的留意。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作緣由狀語)?Workinghard,youwillsucceedintime.只要努力工作，你早晚會勝利。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作條件狀語)?Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,killingallfourpeopleonboard.一架小型飛機(jī)撞上了位于城市東邊五英里處的一個(gè)山坡，機(jī)上的四個(gè)人全部遇難。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作結(jié)果狀語)?Pleaseanswerthequestionusinganotherway.請用另一種方式回答這個(gè)問題。(現(xiàn)在分詞短語作方式狀語)[特殊提示]不定式(短語)和現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)都可作結(jié)果狀語，不定式(短語)用于表示意想不到的結(jié)果，現(xiàn)在分詞(短語)則表示自然而然的結(jié)果。[語境助記]Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車到了機(jī)場，卻發(fā)覺他要坐的飛機(jī)已經(jīng)起飛了。[即學(xué)活用]單句語法填空①Likeancientsailors,birdscanfindtheirway________(use)thesunandthestars.②Thesunlightiswhiteandblinding,________(throw)longdarkshadowsontheground.③________(see)thatshewasgoingofftosleep,Iaskedifshe'dlikethatlittledollonherbed.④________(carry)manydifferentviruses,wildanimalscanpotentiallyinfecthumanbeingsandshouldbebannedfortrade.⑤________(finish)hishomework,hewenttobed.⑥Once________(lose)thischance,youcan'teasilyfindone.語法導(dǎo)入——表語從句語法新知·對接課堂1.語法現(xiàn)象感知①Hissuggestionisthatweshouldstaycalm.②Thetroubleisthatweareshortoffunds.③Thequestioniswhethertheenemyismarchingtowardsus.④Theargumentiswhetheritwillraintomorrow.⑤ThatiswhatIwanttotellyou.⑥MyproblemiswhichcomputerIshouldchoose.⑦Theproblemiswhenwecangetapayrise.⑧That'swhyIwantyoutoworkthere.⑨Sheseemedasifshehaddoneagreatthing.⑩Itisbecauseyoueattoomuch.2．語法規(guī)則理解(1)①②句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。(2)③④句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。(3)⑤⑥句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。(4)⑦⑧句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。(5)⑨句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。(6)⑩句的引導(dǎo)詞為________________。微點(diǎn)撥that和whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只起引導(dǎo)作用，不作任何成分，并且that無任何意義；連接代詞在主語從句中作主語、賓語或表語；連接副詞在主語從句中作狀語。語法探究·核心突破1.概述在復(fù)合句中充當(dāng)表語的從句叫表語從句。表語從句一般用在“主語＋系動詞＋表語”的結(jié)構(gòu)里，它最明顯的特征是跟在連系動詞be之后。2．引導(dǎo)詞表語從句的常用引導(dǎo)詞有：(1)從屬連詞that；(2)從屬連詞whether；(3)連接代詞：what,who,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等；(4)連接副詞：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever等；(5)asif/though和because。3．that引導(dǎo)的表語從句that引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，在句子中不作任何成分，也無任何意義，通常不能省略。?Thefactisthatheisoldenoughtogotoschool.事實(shí)是他已經(jīng)到了上學(xué)的年齡。?Thetroublewasthattheycouldn'tagreeamongthemselves.問題是他們內(nèi)部看法不統(tǒng)一。?Hisrequirementwasthatthefloor(should)bekeptclean.他的要求是保持地板干凈。?Myadviceisthatyourhomework(should)befinishedintimeeveryday.我的建議是你每天要?jiǎng)偤猛瓿勺鳂I(yè)。微點(diǎn)撥當(dāng)主句的主語為advice，suggestion，proposal，recommendation，order，command，request，requirement等表示“建議、囑咐、要求”的名詞時(shí)，表語從句的謂語動詞要用“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)表示虛擬語氣，其中should可以省略。4.whether引導(dǎo)的表語從句whether意為“是否”，引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)只起連接作用，在句子中不作任何成分。?HisfirstquestionwaswhetherMrSmithhadarrivedyet.他的第一個(gè)問題是史密斯先生到了沒有。?Thequestioniswhetherhehaspassedthetest.問題是他是否通過了測試。微點(diǎn)撥whether引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)一般不能用if替代。5.連接代詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句連接代詞包括：what,who,which,whom,whose,whatever,whoever,whomever,whichever等，在句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語。?Thequestioniswhatcausedtheaccident.問題是什么造成了這次事故。?Mytroubleiswho(whom)Icanturnto.我的麻煩是我能向誰求助。?Myquestioniswhoseturnitistobeondutytoday.我的問題是今日輪到誰值日了。?Whathetoldyouwaswhat(＝thethingthat)hadbeendiscussedatthemeeting.他告知你的就是在會上探討的內(nèi)容。?Themountainisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.這座山已經(jīng)不是過去的樣子了。?Thisiswhat(＝theplacethat)wasoncecalledtheparadise.這就是過去曾經(jīng)被叫作天堂的地方。微點(diǎn)撥what引導(dǎo)表語從句時(shí)在從句中作主語、賓語、表語或定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句中的“先行詞＋關(guān)系代詞”的形式，表示“……的事情（內(nèi)容、地點(diǎn)、樣子等）”。6.連接副詞引導(dǎo)的表語從句連接副詞包括：when,where,how,why,whenever,wherever等，在表語從句中作狀語。?Thequestioniswhenhecanarriveatthehotel.問題是他什么時(shí)候可以到達(dá)酒店。?Thisiswherehewasborn.這就是他誕生的地方。?Thatiswhyyouseethisoldwomanbeforeyou,Jeanne.珍妮，這就是現(xiàn)在這位老婦人出現(xiàn)在你面前的緣由。7．a(chǎn)sif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句常置于系動詞look,seem,sound,appear等后面。?Itlooksasif/thoughitisgoingtorain.天看起來要下雨。?Itsoundsasif/thoughsomeoneisknockingonthedoor.聽起來似乎有人敲門。?Theytalkveryloudlyasifnobodywerearound.他們說話聲音很大，似乎四周沒人似的。?Theytalkedasiftheyhadmetbefore.他們交談著似乎以前見過面似的。微點(diǎn)撥asif/though引導(dǎo)的表語從句假如描述的是事實(shí)，從句謂語動詞用陳述語氣；假如與事實(shí)不符，就用虛擬語氣（表示與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動詞用一般過去時(shí)，be動詞用were；表示與過去事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動詞用過去完成時(shí)；表示與將來事實(shí)相反時(shí)，從句動詞用would/could/might＋動詞原形）。8.because引導(dǎo)的表語從句because引導(dǎo)的表語從句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause...”結(jié)構(gòu)中。Myangerisbecauseyouhaven'tcalledmeforalongtime.我生氣是因?yàn)槟愫瞄L時(shí)間沒給我打電話了。微點(diǎn)撥（1）This/That/Itisbecause...強(qiáng)調(diào)緣由；This/That/Itiswhy...強(qiáng)調(diào)結(jié)果。,Hewassenttothehospital.That'sbecausehewasill.他被送往醫(yī)院了，是因?yàn)樗×恕?Hewasill.That'swhyhewassenttothehospital.他生病了，所以被送往醫(yī)院。,（2）reason作主語時(shí)，表語從句只能用that引導(dǎo)，而不能用because。,Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathemissedtheearlybus.,他遲到的緣由是他沒趕上早班公交車。Ⅰ.用適當(dāng)?shù)倪B接詞填空1．Thequestionis________willdoit.2．WhatIwanttosayis________I'mexhausted.3．Thequestionis________itisworthdoing.4．Thisis________heovercamethedifficulties.5．That's________Ican'tagreewithyou.6．Thescissorsarenot________Ineed.7．WhatItoldhimwas________Iwouldfindhimagoodplay.8．Thefactis________wehavenoideahowtosolvethisproblem.9．Thequestionis________hecanarriveatthehotel.1