選擇性必修三Unit5PoemslearningaboutLanguage

ClassGroupNameNumberTimeTitle選擇性必修三Unit5PoemsEditorReviewerContentPeriod3:LearningAboutLanguage一．定語(yǔ)從句復(fù)習(xí)1.定語(yǔ)從句的分類(1)限制性定語(yǔ)從句限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起修飾和限定的作用,如果把從句去掉,主句往往不能有效表達(dá)明確的含義。限制性定語(yǔ)從句與主句之間不用逗號(hào)隔開。Peoplewhotakephysicalexerciseusuallylivelonger.進(jìn)行體育鍛煉的人通常更長(zhǎng)壽。(若把從句去掉,主句意義不完整)(2)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句非限制性定語(yǔ)從句對(duì)先行詞起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用,把從句去掉后,主句的意義仍較為完整,所受影響較小。非限制性定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞或主句之間常用逗號(hào)隔開。Hisdaughter,whoisinBostonnow,isinghomenextweek.他的女兒現(xiàn)在在波士頓,她下個(gè)星期回家。(對(duì)先行詞Hisdaughter起補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明作用)Wemayfallbehindothers,whichmakesusstressed.我們可能落后于別人,這讓我們感到焦慮。(先行詞為整個(gè)主句，若把從句去掉,主句意義仍然完整)2.關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 在定語(yǔ)從句中,常用的關(guān)系代詞有that,which,who,whom,whose,as,在從句中可作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)。(1)指人:who,whomThisisthestrangerwhohelpedustoday.這就是那位今天幫助過(guò)我們的陌生人。LilyisthepersonwithwhomIamworking.莉莉正是同我一起工作的人。(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ),指人,用whom)(2)指物:whichItwasaprisonfromwhichnoonecouldescape.那是一座任何人都逃不出去的監(jiān)獄。JulieisgoodatGerman,FrenchandRussian,allofwhichshespeaksfluently.朱莉擅長(zhǎng)德語(yǔ)、法語(yǔ)和俄語(yǔ),這些語(yǔ)言她都說(shuō)得很流利。(3)既可指人,又可指物:that，whose,asWetalkedaboutthepeopleandthingsthatweremembered.我們談?wù)摿宋覀冇浀玫娜撕褪?。I’dlikearoomwhosewindowsfacethesea.我想要一個(gè)窗戶朝海的房間。Grammarisadynamicprocessofwordsinteractingwitheachotherratherthanasetofrigidrules,asissaidabove.如上所述，語(yǔ)法是詞匯相互作用的動(dòng)態(tài)過(guò)程,而不是一套僵化的規(guī)則。(4)as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句①as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常被譯為“正如”,多用于句首,也可位于主句后,常與say,see,know,expect,announce,report,pointout等動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))搭配,有些搭配已形成固定用法,例如:assbknow(s)/asisknowntosb正如某人所知assbcansee/ascanbeseen正如某人所見/可以看出assbexpected/aswasexpected正如某人所預(yù)料的/正如預(yù)料的那樣aswasreported/announced/pointedout正如被報(bào)道/被宣布/被指出的那樣asisoftenthecase(with...)(對(duì)……而言)這是常有的事asisquitenatural很自然地asismentionedabove正如上文所提到的Asisoftenthecasewitholdpeople,mygrandfatherisfondoftalkingaboutgoodolddays.我祖父喜歡談起過(guò)去的美好時(shí)光,對(duì)于老人而言,這是常有的事。②as引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)常用于such...as...(意為“像……這樣的……”)，so/as...as...(意為“像……一樣……”)等固定搭配中。Heissuchapersonasisrespectedbyallofus.他是這樣一個(gè)受我們所有人尊敬的人。TheyhaveneverreadsomanybooksasIreadlastyear.他們從來(lái)沒(méi)有讀過(guò)像我去年讀過(guò)的那么多的書。③thesame...as與thesame...that的區(qū)別:as指同類事物that指同一事物。SheiswearingthesamecoatasIlostafewdaysago.她身上穿的大衣和我?guī)滋烨皝G失的一樣。(同一類)SheiswearingthesamecoatthatIlostafewdaysago.她正穿著我?guī)滋烨皝G失的那件大衣。(同一件,指“我”丟失的那件大衣)(5)關(guān)系代詞常用that而不用which的情況①當(dāng)先行詞是anything，everything，each,nothing,any,something,few,theone,all,much,none,little,some等不定代詞或被不定代詞修飾時(shí)。I'vereadallthereportsthatareaboutthismatter.我已經(jīng)閱讀了所有與這件事有關(guān)的報(bào)道。②當(dāng)先行詞是序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí),或先行詞被上述兩者修飾時(shí)。ThefirstplacethatwevisitedinBeijingwastheGreatWall.我們?cè)诒本﹨⒂^的第一個(gè)地方是長(zhǎng)城。③當(dāng)先行詞被thevery,theonly,thesame,theright等修飾時(shí)。ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy.這正是我想買的那本字典。④當(dāng)主句是以which,who,what等疑問(wèn)代詞開頭的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí),為了避免重復(fù),定語(yǔ)從句用that引導(dǎo)。Whoisthepersonthatisstandingatthegate?站在門口的那個(gè)人是誰(shuí)?⑤當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。Doyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearnt?你記得我們學(xué)過(guò)的那位科學(xué)家和他的理論嗎?特別注意 關(guān)系代詞用which而不用that的情況: ①關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時(shí);②先行詞本身是that或those且指物時(shí)(指人時(shí)常用who);③引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)。May21stthisyearmarksthefirstInternationalTeaDay,whichwasnamedofficiallybytheUnitedNationsonNovember27th,2019.今年的5月21日是第一個(gè)國(guó)際茶日,該節(jié)日于2019年11月27日由聯(lián)合國(guó)正式命名。[2022全國(guó)乙](6)“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句和非限制性定語(yǔ)從句,關(guān)系代詞在從句中作介詞的賓語(yǔ),不可省略。先行詞指物時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用which;先行詞指人時(shí),關(guān)系代詞用whom。有一些“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”結(jié)構(gòu)在從句中作時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因等狀語(yǔ),可以與when,where,why等關(guān)系副詞互換。Theoldhouse,myhome,inwhich(=where)Ihavelivedfor17years,willbepulleddowninthreemonthsasplanned.那座老房子是我的家,我在那里已經(jīng)住了17年,3個(gè)月后它就要依照規(guī)劃被拆掉了。(7)“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/形容詞最高級(jí)+of+which/whom”結(jié)構(gòu)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句.Hewroteabook,thenameofwhichI'vepletelyforgotten.他寫了一本書,我完全忘記了它的名字。Theoldmanhastwodaughters,bothofwhomaredoctors.那位老人有兩個(gè)女兒,她們都是醫(yī)生?！炯磳W(xué)即練】用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系代詞填空。1.Myeldestson, worktakeshimallovertheworld,isinNewYorkatthemoment.2.一Lady,isthewatchyours?一Iamsurethisisthesamewatch Iwaslookingfor.ThereisaMickeyMouseonit.3.Women drinkmorethantwocupsofcoffeeadayhaveagreaterchanceofhavingheartdiseasethan those don'tdrinkcoffee.4. ismentionedabove,thenumberofthestudentsinseniorhighschoolsisincreasing.5.Thebikeanditsrider hadhitanoldmanweretakentothepolicestation.6.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose liveswereaffected.7.Manystudentsgothighmarksthistime,onlyafewof areboys.8.Themountain, namemeans“flowersandfruit”,attractsmillionsoftouristseveryyearthankstomythicalcharactersanditsbeautifulscenery.9.Theonlylanguage iseasytolearnisthemothertongue.10.Ericreceivedtraininginputerprogrammingforoneyear,after hefoundajobinabigpany.11.AncientRomewasacountry cultureinfluencedtheWesternworldforcenturies.12.[全國(guó)新高考I2022·改編]TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies livewithintheGiantPandaRange.3.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句在定語(yǔ)從句中,常用的關(guān)系副詞有when,where,why。(1)when的用法when指時(shí)間,在定語(yǔ)從句中作時(shí)間狀語(yǔ),先行詞通常為表示時(shí)間的名詞。Iwillneverforgetthedaywhenwemetthere.我永遠(yuǎn)不會(huì)忘記我們?cè)谀抢锵嘁姷哪且惶臁?2)where的用法where指地點(diǎn),在定語(yǔ)從句中作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ),先行詞通常為表示地點(diǎn)的名詞。Thereisanestwherethebirdslive.這里有一個(gè)鳥兒居住的巢。特別注意關(guān)系副詞where的先行詞可以是一些表示抽象地點(diǎn)概念的名詞,如case,situation，point,stage,position等。It'shelpfultoputchildreninasituationwheretheycanseethemselvesdifferently.把孩子們放在一個(gè)他們能以不同的方式看待自己的環(huán)境中是有幫助的。(3)why的用法why指原因,在定語(yǔ)從句中作原因狀語(yǔ),先行詞一般為reason。Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthathegotuplate.他遲到的原因是他起晚了。特別注意當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞是表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)的名詞或thereason時(shí),關(guān)系詞是選用that/which,還是用相應(yīng)的關(guān)系副詞when，where,why,要遵循以下規(guī)則:若從句缺少主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ),應(yīng)使用關(guān)系代詞that或which;如果不缺少,則使用關(guān)系副詞。試比較:Thereasonthat/whichshegaveforbeinglatewasthathercarbrokedownontheway.她給出的遲到原因是她的車在路上出故障了。(從句缺少賓語(yǔ))Thereasonwhyhewasabsentwasthathewentshoppingintownthatday.