適用于新高考新教材廣西專版2025屆高考英語一輪總復(fù)習(xí)必修第三冊Unit4SpaceExploration閱讀題組-練速度新人教版

必修第三冊UNIT4閱讀題組——練速度(35mins)Ⅰ.閱讀ATheBookListUnderaWhiteSkybyElizabethKolbertElizabethKolbert’sbook,UnderaWhiteSky,exploresclimateengineeringandotherbidstoaddresshumanity’simpactonnature.Below,thePulitzerwinningauthorofTheSixthExtinctionrecommendsseveralotherbooks.EncounterswiththeArchdruidbyJohnMcPhee(1971)McPhee’svividportraitofDavidBrower,theCaliforniamountaineerconsideredbymanytobethe“father”ofthemodernenvironmentalmovement,isaclassic.Itintheprocessposesoneofthecentralquestionsofourtime:Canadeveloped,technologicalsocietycoexistwithnature,orarethetwocontradictory?Spillover:AnimalInfectionsandtheNextHumanPandemicbyDavidQuammen(2012)Forunderstandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild,madethepandemics—inevitable,there’snobetterguide.TheAlchemyofUs:HowHumansandMatterTransformedOneAnotherbyAinissaRamirez(2024)Ramirez,amaterialsscientist,arguesthatwithourtechnologieswehavetransformednotjusttheworldaroundusbutalsoourselves.It’safascinatingidea,andRamirezmakesitcomealivethroughthestoriesofinventors,somewell-known,othersunderappreciated.AFriendoftheEarthbyT.C.Boyle(2000)Fictionaboutecologicaldisastertendstobewritteninatragickey.Boyle,bycontrast,favoursthedarklycomic.Inthisnovel,setin2025,anagingenvironmentalistiscaringforapopstar’sNoah’sArk-likeanimalshelterwhenarealfloodarrives.1.Whatdothesebookshaveincommon?A.Theyareallcollectionsofshortstories.B.Theyareallaboutpeopleandtheplanet.C.Theyallfocusontheeffectsofanimals.D.Theyallintroducethemostinfluentialpeople.2.WhatkindofbookisAFriendoftheEarth?A.Asciencefiction. B.Atragedy.C.Amysterynovel. D.Acomedy.3.Whosebooktellsabouttheimpropertreatmentofanimals?A.ElizabethKolbert. B.JohnMcPhee.C.DavidQuammen. D.AinissaRamirez.BAsurveyhasshownthatwhatyoudoonaplanecanbedeterminedbywhichnationalityislistedonyourpassport.Accordingtotheresultsofaninternationalpassengersurvey,Australiansarethebiggestdrinkersonboardwith36percentchoosingtodownthehatch,comparedto35percentofAmericansand33percentofBrits.TheAirlinePassengerExperienceAssociation(APEX)spoketoaround1,500people,aged18andolder,whohavetravelledbyplaneatleastonceduringthelastthreemonthsandwerelivingintheUnitedStates,theUnitedKingdom,Germany,Japan,China,Singapore,AustraliaorBrazil.TheresultsfoundChinesetravelersaremostlikelytonodoffoncetheseatbeltsignswitchesoff.Theyarealsothefirsttotakeouttheircreditcardforsomein-flightshoppingandthebiggestfansofgaming.Americansontheotherhandliketousetheirtimeintheairmoreproductively—whennotdrinking—choosingtoworkwhileflyingat35,000feet.Meanwhile,BritsandGermansarethebestatmakingchatwithrandomstrangers—spending50percentmoretimethananyothernationality.Comparatively,Braziliansconducttheirconversationsonlineviae-mail,messagingappsorthesocialmedia.Despiteplanefoodhavingabadreputation,sevenoutoftenintervieweessaidtheywerehappytoeatuptheselectionofin-flightsnacksandmeals.In-flightmagazineswerealsopopularwithfouroutoffivepassengersclaimingtoreadthem.Theinternationalflyersdid,however,expresstheirdesireforbetterin-flightentertainment.“Theindustryhasgreatlyimprovedthecomfort,entertainmentandon-boardservice,andpassengersareacceptingthoseimprovements,”saidRussellLemieux,APEXexecutivedirector.“Atthesametime,passengersaredemandingmorefromtheirairtravelexperienceswhichwilldrivemoreimprovementstouchingallaspectsofthejourney,”headded.4.Whatcanyouprobablyseeintheflightaccordingtothepassage?A.Brazilianschoosetodrink.B.Germanschattokilltheirtime.C.Americansdoin-flightshopping.D.TheChineseswitchofftheseatbeltsign.5.Whenonboardtheplane,.

A.mostpassengersliketoreadin-flightmagazinesB.passengersfromonenationhavelittleincommonC.morethanhalfofthepassengersdon’tenjoyplanefoodD.mostpeopletendtousein-flighttimetohaveagoodsleep6.Whatcanwelearnfromthelastparagraph?A.Flyerscarelittleaboutentertainment.B.Flyersareexpectingbetterflightexperiences.C.Flyersarenotsatisfiedwiththeimprovements.D.Flyershavemoreandmoredemandsforairlines.7.What’sthepurposeofthepassage?A.Toentertainreaderswithinterestingstories.B.Toencouragepeopletobehavewellinpublic.C.Tocriticiseimpolitebehaviourontheplane.D.Toinformreadersoftheresultsofasurvey.CChinahasjustofficiallyopeneditsFASTradiotelescopetointernationalscientists.Scientistsacrosstheworldcansubmitproposalsforastronomicalobservationsusingthetelescope.FASTisshortforFive-hundred-meterApertureSphericalTelescope(球面射電望遠(yuǎn)鏡)anditisalsobelievedtobetheworld’slargestradiotelescopeandthemostsensitivesingle-dishradiotelescope.ThereceivingsurfaceareaofFASTis250,000squaremeters,aboutthesizeof30standardfootballfields.ItsconstructionwascompletedinSeptember2016anditofficiallybeganoperatinginJanuary2024.Themajorscientifictaskofthetelescopeistheobservationofpulsars(脈沖星)—therotatingneutronstars.Thestudyofpulsarscanhelptoconfirmtheexistenceofgravitationalradiationandblackholes,andhelpsolvemanyothermajorquestionsinphysics.AnotherscientificgoalofFASTistosearchforouterspacecivilisation.ThetelescopeislocatedinanaturallydeepandroundkarstdepressioninsouthwestChina’sGuizhouProvince.Thefirstadvantageoftheselectedsiteisthealtitude.TheaveragealtitudeofGuizhouisabout1,100meters,whichmaximizestheeffectivenessoftheobservationequipment.Secondly,theradiotelescopeneedstohavea“bigpan”toreceivebettersignals.Thehugenaturaldepressioncouldreducetheamountofexcavation(挖掘)anddifficultyofconstruction.Moreover,theselectedsiteinGuizhouisfarawayfromcities,andhasasmallpopulation,whichreducestheinterference(干擾)causedbywirelessdevicessuchasTVs,mobilephonesandradiosfromhumanactivities.FASThasidentifiedover300pulsars.Expertspredictthatthenumbercouldreach1,000infiveyearsandthatthetelescopecouldlocateandidentifythefirstpulsaroutsidetheGalaxy.Withtheopening-uptointernationalscientists,China’sFASTisexpectedtomakemorecontributionstoastronomicalresearchinthefuture.8.WhatdoweknowaboutFAST?A.Itisopenedtoglobalscientists.B.Itisaprojectunderconstruction.C.Ithasprovidedservicesince2016.D.IthasfoundapulsaroutsidetheGalaxy.9.WhatisthemaintaskofFAST?A.Tostudyblackholes.B.Toobservethepulsars.C.Toexplorethesun.D.Toseekspacecivilisation.10.What’sspecialabouttheselectedsite?A.It’sclosetourbanareas.B.Itreducesengineeringamount.C.Itpossessesashallowdepression.D.It’satthehighestaltitudeinChina.11.Whichcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A.MajorScientificTasksofFASTB.WaystoSelecttheSiteforFASTC.ContributionsFASTHasMadeD.FactsAboutFASTRadioTelescopeD(2024·廣西桂林、崇左高三聯(lián)合調(diào)研考試)NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.AlthoughtheAmericanspaceagencyfocusesonjustsendingastronauts,othercompaniesarelookingfurtherintothefutureforwhenhumanswillcolonizethenaturalsatellite.ExpertsatMoney,acompanyforconsumercreditproducts,releasedthefirst-evermoonloanguidethatrevealslivingonthelunarsurfacewouldcost$325,067amonth.“WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,”readsthestudy.TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.Thepriceincludesaddinglife-savingdetailstohomessuchasairseals,industrial-strengthair-conditionersandheaters.“Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themostefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcosting$1.3million,”Moneysharesinthestudy.“Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.”Theguidealsorevealsthemostideallocationsonthemoon,with“SeaofRains”beingconsidered“theperfectfamilysuburb”—thisregionsitsatthenorthandisoneofthelargestimpactcraters(隕石撞擊坑)intheSolarSystem.12.What’sthepurposeofNASAsendingacrewtothemoon?A.Toencouragecompaniestoreleasemoonloan.B.Tocolonizethemoonalone.C.Toexplorethemoonfornaturalresources.D.Tobuildalastinglivingplaceonthemoon.13.Whichofthefollowingwasnotconsideredwhentheteamestimatedthecostofalunarhouse?A.Materialsneededtobuildahouseonthemoon.B.Thecostoflookingforthemostideallocationonthemoon.C.Astronautsneededtotraveltobuildahouseonthemoon.D.Theaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.14.Whatcanweinferfromthestudy?A.Lunarlivingwon’ttakelongtobecomeareality.B.Thefirsthouseonthemoonwillbethemostexpensivehome.C.Youwilldefinitelybuyanuclearreactortogenerateelectricityonthemoon.D.TheperfectlocationonthemoonforlivingisthelargestimpactcraterintheSolarSystem.15.What’sthetextmainlyabout?A.Thefirstloanguideaboutlivingonthemoon.B.Themoon—themostideallivingplaceforhumans.C.NASAwillsendastronautstothemoon.D.Livingonthemoonhasbecomepossible.Ⅱ.七選五(2024·湖北武漢武昌高三5月質(zhì)量檢測)ChooseOptimismOptimismandpessimismarebothpowerfulforces,andeachofusmustchoosewhichwewanttoshapeouroutlookandourexpectations.Thereisenoughgoodandbadineveryone’slifetofindasensiblebasisforeitheroptimismorpessimism.1It’sourdecision:Fromwhichperspectivedowewanttoviewlife?Willwelookupinhopeordownindespair?

2Thewayyoulookatlifewilldeterminehowyoufeel,howyouperformandhowwellyouwillgetalongwiththeotherpeople.Onthecontrary,negativethoughts,attitudes,andexpectationsfeedonthemselves;theybecomeaself-fulfillingprediction.Pessimismcreatesadarkplacewherenoonewantstolive.

Optimismdoesn’tneedtobena?ve(輕信的).3Someofthemarenotdealtwitheasily.Butwhatadifferenceoptimismmakesintheattitudeoftheproblemsolver!Forexample,throughtheyearsI’veheardsomepeoplesaythatthemoneyspentonourspaceprogramhasbeenwasted.“Insteadofspending$455milliontoputamanonthemoon,”theysay,“whynotspendthatmoneyhereonearthonthepovertyproblem?”Butwhenyouaskthemexactlyhowtheywouldspendthatmoneytosolvethepovertyproblem,mostofthemdon’thaveananswer.“Givemeasolution,”Itellthem,“andI’llraiseyouthemoney.”Anoptimistdoesnotjustcriticize.4

Optimismdistractsourattentionawayfromnegativismandchannelsitintopositive,constructivethinking.Whenyou’reanoptimist,you’remoreconcernedwithproblem-solvingthanwithuselesscomplaintsaboutissues.5Ittakesadreamer—someonewithhopelesslyoptimisticideas,greatpersistence,andunlimitedconfidencetotackleaproblemthatbig.It’syourchoice.

A.Thegoodinlifefaroutweighsthebad.B.Wecanchoosetolaughorcry,blessorcurse(詛咒).C.Anoptimisticattitudeisnotaluxury;it’sanecessity.D.Hethinksinpositivetermsabouthowtoaddresstheissue.E.Youcanbeanoptimistandstillrecognizethatproblemsexist.F.Infact,withoutoptimism,issuesasbigandongoingaspovertyhavenohopeofsolution.G.America’sspaceprogramresultedinmanypositivediscoveriesthathavebenefitedmankind.

必修第三冊UNIT4閱讀題組——練速度Ⅰ.【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文。文章是一個(gè)書單,介紹了五本書的主要內(nèi)容等。1.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段的“exploresclimateengineeringandotherbidstoaddresshumanity’simpactonnature”,其次段的“adeveloped,technologicalsocietycoexistwithnature”,第三段的“understandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild”,第四段的“withourtechnologieswehavetransformednotjusttheworldaroundusbutalsoourselves”以及第五段的“anagingenvironmentalistiscaringforapopstar’sNoah’sArk-likeanimalshelterwhenarealfloodarrives”可知,這些書的共同之處在于它們都是關(guān)于人類和這個(gè)星球的。故選B項(xiàng)。2.D解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的“Fictionaboutecologicaldisastertendstobewritteninatragickey.Boyle,bycontrast,favoursthedarklycomic.”可知,AFriendoftheEarth是一部喜劇。3.C解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段“Forunderstandinghowourbehaviourtowardsanimals,bothdomesticatedandwild,madethepandemics—inevitable,there’snobetterguide.”可知,DavidQuammen的書講解并描述了對動物的不當(dāng)對待?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于乘機(jī)習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果。在飛機(jī)上,無論是喝杯酒放松一下,還是埋頭閱讀雜志,抑或與鄰座的乘客攀談,這些乘機(jī)習(xí)慣都可能由乘客的國籍確定。4.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段的“Meanwhile,BritsandGermansarethebestatmakingchatwithrandomstrangers...”可知,德國人會和生疏人閑聊以打發(fā)時(shí)間,因此選B項(xiàng)。5.A解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)倒數(shù)其次段中的“In-flightmagazineswerealsopopularwithfouroutoffivepassengers...”可知,大部分乘客寵愛看飛機(jī)上供應(yīng)的雜志。6.B解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的“Atthesametime,passengersaredemandingmorefromtheirairtravelexperiences...”可知,乘客要求航空公司供應(yīng)更好的乘機(jī)服務(wù),希望自己能有更好的乘機(jī)體驗(yàn),因此選B項(xiàng)。7.D解析推理推斷題。本文主要告知我們一項(xiàng)關(guān)于乘機(jī)習(xí)慣的調(diào)查結(jié)果,因此選D項(xiàng)?！菊Z篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了中國官方已正式向全世界科學(xué)家開放了天眼天文觀測項(xiàng)目,同時(shí)介紹了天眼的特色功能、選址和任務(wù),另外還介紹了天眼已獲得的成果及其前景。8.A解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段首句可知,中國剛剛正式向全世界科學(xué)家開放天眼;依據(jù)其次段尾句可知,B項(xiàng)“正在建立”和C項(xiàng)“從2016年起先已經(jīng)供應(yīng)服務(wù)”均錯(cuò)誤,天眼是在2016年竣工,并于2024年1月正式投入運(yùn)用。依據(jù)最終一段其次句可知,D項(xiàng)“天眼已發(fā)覺銀河系外的一個(gè)脈沖星”錯(cuò)誤。9.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段首句可知,天眼的主要科學(xué)任務(wù)是對脈沖星的觀測。10.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第四段中的“couldreducetheamountofexcavationanddifficultyofconstruction”可知,選在此地可以削減挖掘和施工困難,即可以削減工程量。11.D解析主旨大意題。本文主要講解并描述天眼對外國科學(xué)家的開放、特色功能、選址、任務(wù)及成就,故本文是在講解并描述天眼的幾個(gè)事實(shí)。故D項(xiàng)作為標(biāo)題最合適。【語篇導(dǎo)讀】本文是一篇說明文。文章主要講解并描述了月球生活所需的費(fèi)用。12.D解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第一段第一句“NASAismakingpreparationstosendacrewtothemoonwhowillexplorethelunarsurfacewiththehopeofconstructingastablehabitat.”可知,NASA送宇航員去月球的目的是希望在月球上建立一個(gè)穩(wěn)定的居住地。13.B解析微小環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“TheteamfromMoneyusedvariousfactorstocalculatethecostofahouseonthemoon:rawmaterialsneededtobuildahouse,thespecialmaterialsneededtobuildonthemoon’satmosphere,astronautsrequiredtotraveltobuild,andtheaveragecostoftransportingmaterialstothemoon.”可知答案為B項(xiàng)。14.A解析推理推斷題。依據(jù)第三段第一句“‘WiththeEarthbecomingincreasinglypopulatedandspacetechnologyadvancing,itwon’tbelongbeforelunarlivingbecomesthenewnormal,’readsthestudy.”可知A項(xiàng)正確。依據(jù)第四段第一句“Accordingtothemoonloanguide,thefirstfullyfunctioninghouseonthemoonwouldbe$48,454,063,whichisahighpriceforahome.”可知B項(xiàng)中的themostexpensive與原文不符;依據(jù)第四段中的“‘Generatingenergyisvitalwhenlivinginsuchextremeconditions,andthereforethecostofsomesuppliesmayforceyoutoconsidersomealternativeoptions.Themostefficientwaytogenerateelectricityonthemoonistobuyasmallnuclearreactorcosting$1.3million,’Moneysharesinthestudy.‘Alternatively,34solarpanelswouldgenerateenoughelectricitytorunonehouseandcostonly$23,616incomparison.’”可知,昂揚(yáng)的價(jià)格或許會迫使你選擇其他的發(fā)電形式。最有效的是買一個(gè)nuclearreactor(原子爐),但會花費(fèi)1.3million美元。然而用太陽電池板發(fā)同樣的電只需花費(fèi)23,616美元。所以definitely錯(cuò)誤,太確定;依據(jù)最終一段可知,月球上最適合居住的地方是太陽系中最大的隕石撞擊坑之