2023-2024學(xué)年上海延安中學(xué)高三上英語周測(cè)試題（一）及答案

高中PAGE1高中2023-2024學(xué)年上海延安中學(xué)高三英語第一學(xué)期周測(cè)一Listeningcomprehension(略)II.GrammarandVocabulary(30分)SectionADirections:Afterreadingthepassagesbelow,fillintheblankstomakethepassagescoherentandgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproperformofthegivenword;fortheotherblanks,useonewordthatbestfitseachblank.(A)Leftbrain,meetrightbrain.Goforthandprosper.Thatcouldbethenewformulaforasuccessfulcareer.Thehumanbrain,thatextraordinarycomputer,isdividedintotwohemispheres,____21____responsiblefordifferentskillsets.Theleftbrainispopularlyassociatedwithlogicandanalyticthought;theright,withintuitionandcreativity.Butmanyofthegoodjobsofthefuture,accordingtosomeemploymentexperts,willrequirebeinggoodatusingbothsidesofthebrain.BurningGlassTechnologies,alabor-marketanalyticsfirminBoston,cameupwiththeterm"hybridjobs"todescribethepositions,whichrequireskillsnotnormallyfoundtogether.Forexample,thesehybridjobsmightrequirepeople____22____skillsindatascienceandadvertising,orengineeringandsales.Initsreport,BurningGlassalsodifferentiatedbetweenjobsthatrequirelowerandhigherlevelsofhybridization,basedmainlyonthenumberofdifferentskillsrequiredoutsideofarole'straditionalrequirementsand____23____specializedorsophisticatedthoseskillsare.____24____BurningGlassforecastsoveralljobgrowthofabout10%between2018and2028,theAnnexpectsjobsthatarethemosthybridized____25____(grow)by21percent.What’smore,hybridjobspaymorethanpositionsthatcallforatraditionalconstellation(一系列相關(guān)想法或事物)ofskills.Forthose____26____startoutonthetechnicalsidethepayoffforaddingsocialorcreativeskillscanalsobelarge.Forinstance,anengineerwhosharpenshisorhersalesskillsandbecomesaconsultingengineerforsoftwarecompanyworkingcloselywithbusinessclients,____27____morethandoublehisorherearnings.Peoplewhofailtoupdatetheirskillswillqualifyforfewerjobs.Peopleinhybridjobsarealso____28____(likely)tobecomeprofessionallyeliminated.Highlyhybridizedjobshaveonly12percentriskofbeingautomated____29____(compare)witha42percentriskforjobsoverall,saysBinningGlass.Hybridjobsaretypicallynotentry-levelroles,sotheyareavailablemainlytoworkerswhohavesomeyearsofexperienceandcrucially,additionaltrainingbeyondcollegeor____30____associatedegreethatmeansworkers,employersandeducationalinstitutionswillhavetofigureouthowtomoresystematicallyprepareindividualsfortheseroles.(B)FacingChallengesAcoupleofweeksago,mygrandfatherwasexplaininghisfavoriteexpression,“Nothingisevereasy.”Thefollowingday,asItriedtocompletemyday'swork,Ihappened(31)________(notice)abumblebee(大黃蜂)ontheskylight(天窗).Theskylightwasparticularlyhighup,butIthoughtremovingthebee(32)________(take)nomorethanfiveminutes.Anhourlater,thebeestillremained.Whathadchangedwasthatthelivingroomwasamessand(33)________IwasdizzyfromlookingupintothesunlightIdidnotexpecttowasteanhour(34)________aninsectsotiny,butbydoingso,Iunderstoodwhatmygrandfathermeant.Itisnotonlytimethatwetendtounderestimatewedon’taccountforunexpectedcosts.Weoftenimaginewhatcanworkinourfavor,butweseldomthinkofallthenegativethings(35)________couldaffectus.However,itisimportanttorememberthatyourdayorweekoryearmightnotgo(36)________planned,andthatiscompletelynormal.Itisperfectlyacceptabletofeelchallenged—evenatataskyouthoughtwassimple—becausethatispartoflife.Ifyoucanacceptthatnothingwilleverbeeasy,thenlifemightseemslightly(37)________(manageable).Inhighschool,IthoughtcollegemightbeeasierbecauseIcouldhaveaschedulebest(38) ________(suit)formyselfYeteachtime,1wasbothwronganddisappointed.Afteracceptingthatschoolwouldn't(andshouldn't)beeasy,Ifoundmyselfwithamorepositiveattitudeandimprovedresults.Ofcourse,thereshouldbepreparationsmadetoaccountforexpensesortime.Doingsocanonlyhelpyouaccomplishyourgoalsinabetterway.However,thereisnoneedtobeat(39)________upwhensomethingstandsinourpath.Maybewecannotseeabee(40)________(come)ourway;butwecanalwaysgiveourselvestheextratimetocatchit.SectionBDirections:Completethefollowingpassagebyusingthewordsinthebox.Eachwordcanonlybeusedonce.Notethatthereisonewordmorethanyouneed.posedconcerndemandingpotentialvitalityprimarilyvulnerableliterallycompetitivealarmingappliedFifteenyearsago,roadcrewsbeganplantingcrownvetch(小冠花)alongnewlyconstructedhighwaystopreventsoilerosion.Crownvetchisanaggressivegroundcoverplantwithappealingflowers.Roadimprovementscarswerequicklycoveredanderosionwasnolongera/an____41____.Thenplannersdiscovereda/an____42____problem.Crownvetchdidn’tlikestayinginoneplace.Ifleftunchecked,itcouldchangethenation’slandscapeasweknowit.Mostpeoplepaylittleattentiontothisplant.Motoristusetheseroadwaystogettoadestinationquickly.However,crownvetchmaturesintoan18-inchhighcreeping,____43____plantthatgrowsinallclimates—wetordry,hotorcold.It____44____begintotakeoveraroadsideandnearbylandoverwhelminganyvegetationinitspath,includingsmalltrees.Ifthiswouldhappen,eventhemostunobservantdriverwouldbegintonoticeasamenessinthevegetationmileaftermile.Eventually,motoristswouldcomplain,____45____thatthegovernmentdosomethingabouttheproblem.Ifcrownvetchreallytookholdinanarea,localcropsandgardenscouldbeatrisk.AccordingtoArtGoverofPennsylvaniaStateUniversity,crownvetchsprouts（發(fā)芽）fromrhizomes(undergroundrootrunners)andseeds,whichmakesitfastgrowinganddifficulttoeliminate.Therhizomescanbeupto10feetinlength.Asaresult,crownvetchcouldeasilyoverwhelmbackyardgardensorcroplandsnearroadsides.Toeliminatetheproblem,strongchemicalsmayhavetobe____46____toaninfested（大批滋生的）area.Unfortunately,chemicalscouldkillanynearbydesirableplantsorcontaminatethesoil.Otherwise,fireswouldhavetobesetintheseareasyearafteryear.Thegreatestdanger____47____bycrownvetchisits____48____toinvadeanddestroyanyprairie（牧場(chǎng)）habitats.NativeprairielandisuniquetointeriorpartsoftheUnitedStates,____49____intheplainstates.Mostoftheoriginalprairieisgone,andcrownvetchcouldthreatenwhatremains.Aprairieneedstomaintainaspecialbalanceofnativeplantsandanimals,andtheintroductionofcrownvetchintotheareawouldcertainlydestroythatbalance.Fires,historicallycausedbylightningstorms,helpmaintainthehealthand____50____oftheprairies.However,ifcrownvetchwereinthearea,theplantbumstooquicklyandwithoutthenecessaryheattoaidinprairieregeneration.Itwouldbeatragedytolosewhatremainsofthenation'sprairielandsbecauseofaninvasiveplant,suchascrownvetch.III.ReadingComprehension（60分）SectionADirections:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsorphrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineachblankwiththewordorphrasethatbestfitsthecontext.OnlyoneclassatGreendaleHighSchoolletstudentsdressuplikesingingcandlesticks,carvedrocksfromfoam,andplaydouble-blindfreeze.TheclassisDramaandTheatre,whichistaughtbyMr.Maclay.Butitisn'tallfunandgames.Thecoursealsoincludesa____51____studyofplaysthroughouttimeand____52____ofhowplaysareputtogether.DramaandTheatrebeginsby____53____knowledgeintostudentsheadsandendsbyrequiringstudentstopulloutthatknowledgeonstage.Thefirsthalfofthecourse____54____drama,whichisthestudyofthehistoryvariety,andstructureofplays.Thecoursecoversplaysthatrangefromancienttomodern,fromclassicsbyplaywrightslikeShakespeareandO'Neiltoobscure(鮮為人知的)and____55____plays.Studentslearntointerpretdrama,whichisanessentialskillforanyoneintheatre.Actorsanddirectorsmustinterpretdramatogivea/anauthenticperformance;technicalpeoplemustinterpretdramatodesigneffectivesets,lightingandsound;andtheatermanagersandpromotersmustinterpretdramato____56____showsandattractaudiences.Thesecondhalfofthecoursefocusesontheaterwhichistheartofputtingonaplay.Studentsmustcompleteprojectsinmanyareasoftheatreproduction:lighting,setandcostumedesign,makeup,stagemanagement,directing,andacting.Thisrequirementmeansthateveryonelearnswhatitislikefortheotherpeopleinvolvedinaproduction.Often,actorsandcrewshangtogetherand____57____othergroupsincaseofinterference.Bythetimeofourfinalproduction,ourclasswasa____58____theatregroupthatworkedwelltogetherunderstress.Thebestfeatureoftheclass, ____59____,isMr.Maclayhimselfwhose____60____ofteachingandactingisexpressedinthewordsofPolonius“Tothine(古英語：你的)ownselfbetrue”(Hamlet1.3.78).Mr.Maclayhasappearedinfamousregionaltheatersandhasperformedwithprestigioustheatrecompanies.Hehasawealthofknowledgeandstoriesthatheusesasheteaches.____61____,insteadofsimplysayingthatmistakeshappenonstage,Mr.Maclaytellshowheonce____62____onhiscoatandalmostknockedtheotheractoroffthestage.Hisstoriesareeducational,entertainingandinspirational.Mr.Maclayexpectsagreatdealofhimselfandofhisstudentsandheinspireseveryoneto____63____tothechallenge.Sometimes,however,Mr.Maclay'sambitions____64____hisstudents'abilities.Forexample,herequireseachstudenttomemorizeaShakespeareansoliloquy(獨(dú)白)andreciteitfortheclass.Afterthestudentsnervouslydelivertheirspeeches,Mr.Maclaycallsthemupagaintoredeliverthesoliloquiesindifferentways:asfastaspossible,asloudaspossible,sarcastically,withgesturesforeachword,likecartooncharacters.Fewstudentscanmeetthischallenge.Overall,DramaandTheatreisafascinatingcourse.Mr.Maclayexpectsgreatthingsofhisstudents,andmostoftenstudents____65____themselvesbymeetingorexceedinghisexpectations.EvenwhenMr.Maclaypushesstudentsbeyondtheirabilities,theyrealizehowmuchtheyneedtolearn.Heteacheshisstudentsthat“Wearesuchstuffasdreamsaremadeon”(TheTempest4.1.156).separatesevereserioussecureassumptionanalysisassemblyadmissionpouringpullingpushingplungingisdevotedtoiscommittedtoisadaptedtoisaddictedtoextraordinaryextensiveexperimentalexpensiveperformdesignwritescheduleconcludeexcludeincludeprecludedark-horsewhite-facedouble-dealerclose-knitthoughthereforewhilethuspsychologyphilosophyprocedurepriorityBycontrastForinstanceWhat’smoreAfteralltrippedputcarriedfocusedrelaterespondresolveriseunderestimateoverestimateexceedproceedenjoybehaverelaxsurpriseDirections:Readthefollowingthreepassages.Eachpassageisfollowedbyseveralquestionsorunfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatfitsbestaccordingtotheinformationgiveninthepassageyouhavejustread.(A)SherlockHolmesonceaskedDrWatsonabout“thecuriousincidentofthedoginthenight-time”.WhenWatsonpointedoutthatthedogdidnothinginthenight-time,Holmesresponded,“Thatwasthecuriousincident”.InTheCuriousIncidentoftheDogintheNight-time,MarkHaddonintroducesanotherdetectiveobsessedwithdiscoveringthetruth.Christopherisafifteenyearoldautisticsavantwhohastroubleunderstandingotherpeoplebutknowseveryprimenumber(質(zhì)數(shù))upto7,057.ThestorybeginswhenChristopherdiscoversacrimesceneacrossthestreet:adognamedWellingtonliesdead.Whenthedog'sownerfoundhimthere,hewassuspectedandputtojail.Afterbeinggotoutbyhisfather;hepledgestosolvethemysteryofitsdeath.AsChristopherinvestigatesthekilling,heisdirectlyconfrontedwithadeepermystery:otherhumanbeings.Likemostpeoplewithautism,Christopherhastroublereadingsinglefacialexpressions.Peopleareconfusingtohim.Bycontrast,helikesdogsbecausehecanalwaystellwhattheyarethinking.Theyhaveonlyfourmoods,happy,sad,crossandconcentrating.Andtheydon'tliesincetheycan’ttalk.Haddondeepensthethemeofmysterybyexploringthecomplexitiesofhumanlanguage,Forexample,Christopherneverlies.Aliemeanssayingsomethinghappenedthatdidn'thappenandChristophercannotseethepointofit.Forhim,theonlythingsworthspeakingaboutarefactsandmathematics.Christopheralsodoesn'tunderstandjokesandmetaphors,suchas"appleofmyeye".Hewrites,“WhenItryandmakeapictureofthephraseinmyhead,itjustconfusesmebecauseimagininganappleinsomeone'seyedoesn'thaveanythingtodowithlikingsomeonealot.Christopher'squestfortruthleadshiminevitablytodiscoverevendeepermysteries.Twoyearsbeforethebeginningofthestory,Christopher'smotherdiedofasuddenheartattack.Atthattime,Mrs.Shears,theneighborwomanwhoownedWellingtonbecameafamilyfriendwhohelpedhimdealwiththeirgriefHerfriendshipwiththemendedonthenightthatWellingtonwaskilled.Butthequestioniswhetherthefriendshipendedbecauseofthedog'sdeathorthedogdiedbecausethefriendshipended.AsChristopherinvestigates,hestripsawayyears'woithofliesanddiscoversthetruth.Atthebeginningofthebook,Christopherwrites,"Thisisamurdermysterynovel",butitismuchmorethanthatHaddonusesthethemeofmysterytoshowhowdeeplymysterioushumanexpressions,languageandrelationshipsaretoapersonwithautism.Atfirst,thebookseemstoshowthelimitsofbeingautistic,butintheend,itshowsthelimitsofbeingnormal.Christopherhimselfdescribesitbestinthefinalsentenceofthebook:"AndIknowIcandothisbecauseIwenttoLondononmyown,becauseIsolvedthemysteryofWhoKilledWellington?...andlwasbraveandIwroteabookandthatmeansIcandoanything."66.WhatcanweinferfromtheconversationbetweenSherlockHolmesandDr.Watson?Holmeswascuriousaboutdogs,behavioratnightDr.WatsonwasnotascuriousaboutdogsasHolmes.Dogsareusuallyalertandactiveinthenight-time.Thedogmentionedbythemwasalreadykilled.WhichdescriptionmayconfuseChristophermost?A.Theboyisastallasyou. B.Theboyissixfeettall.C.Thegirloftentelljokes. D.Thegirlhasaheartofstone.68.Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementisNOTtrue?A.AutisticchildasChristopheris,hehasatalentformathematics.B.Comparedtohumans,dogsaremoreunderstandabletoChristopher.C.Mrs.ShearssuspectedChristopherofkillingthedognamedWellington.D.ChristopherwitnessedthekillingcrimeofthedognamedWellington.69.Whatistheauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassage?A.Toprovokethoughton“thelimitsofbeingnormal”.B.Totellastoryaboutthecuriousincidentofadog.C.Tospecifythetroublefacingtheautistic.D.Tointroducethedetectionofanautisticsavant-(B)-AForce-fieldUmbrellatoStopRainADRIENNEANGELOSVIAFACEBOOKAnenergyfieldthatavoidsyourenergyoradownpourwouldbeneat.Butgiventhatitdefiesgravity,itbelongssolelytotheworldofscience-fiction,accordingtoCaltechphysicistPhilipHopkins.However,youmightbeabletofeign(佯作)aforcefield,hesays,bypositioninglensesatvariousanglessotheybendlightandmakeanumbrellaappearinvisible,thusstoppingrainandarousingawe.Hopkinshasmadesimilar"invisible”objects,butnoonehasfoundawaytoperformthetrickwithanumbrella-yet.AWaytoRedistributeExcessRainfalltoDrought-StrickenAreasJOWBROWN(EICOFPOPSCI)VlATWITTERNearlyeverywater-ferryingproposalstruggleonthesamechallenge.Waterweighsaton.Literally.Acubicmeterofit-thesizeofawashingmachine-tipsthescalesat2,000pounds.Aconvoyoftrucksorcargoshipscarryingthestuffmightquenchashort-termthirst.Butthefuelcosts,saysDavidCwiertny,acivilengineeratLowaStateUniversity,wouldsinkyourefforts.Ahundreds-mile-longcanalwouldalsowork,butitwouldtakeatleastfiveyearstofinish.Bythen,yourdroughtmightbeover.APillThatStopsAgingASKS@1CENTTHINKEVlATWITTERIt’sunlikelythatanymedicinewillunlockthesecrettoimmortality,butcertaindrugsmightslowourdecline.One,calledrapamycin,trickscellintothinkingthey'restarving,whichallowsthemtobetterresistDNAdamageandotherstressors,andthuslivelonger.Onestudyfounditextendedmice'slifespansby25percent.LongevityresearcherssuchasMattKaeberleinattheUniversityof'Washington,arenowtestingrapamycinondogs.Butgettingitok’dforhumanswillbehard;theFDA(FoodandDrugAdministration)doesn'tconsideragingamedicalcondition.AWaytoBeProductiveWhileYouSleepASKSJUSTINRODGERSVIAFACIBOOKItwouldbetheultimatelifehack:Insteadofwastingonethirdofyourdaysstaringatthebackofyoureyelids,findawaytomakeuseofthoselosthours.ButMatthewWalker,asleepresearcherattheUniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,saysthat'sabackwardwayofthinking.Nappingisextremelyproductive,hecounters.Onekeystudyfoundparticipantswholostbetweenoneandfivehoursofsleepsawsteadydeclinesinscoresonteststhatmeasurereaction,speedstovisualstimuli.Theefiectsworsenedwitheachadditionallosthourofsleep.Whatcanbelearnedfromthepassage?Aforce-fieldumbrellainthefuturecandefygravity.Awater-carryingcanalcostasmuchasthetrucksandcargoships,Theanti-agingpillsmightfacetheproblemofgovernmentapproval.Themoreyousleep,themoredeclinesinscoresontestsconcerningreaction.Theunderlinedword"quench"isclosestinmeaningto________.B.intensifyA.extinguishB.intensifyC.modify D.relieve72.Theinventionsmentionedaboveshareonesimilaritythat________. A.allofthemwillbemassproducedsoonB.noneofthemwillbecomearealityinthefixtureC.allofthemmeetwiththecontradictionofscientistsD.alloftheideaspresentedthroughsocialmedia（C）Airplaneemissionsareabigproblemfortheclimate—andsteadilyrising.Iftheaviationsectorwereacountry,itwouldrankseventhworldwideincarbonpollution.Expertspredictthataircraftemissions,ontheircurrenttrajectory(軌道),willtripleby2050asdemandforflightsincreases.Topreventthisdirescenario,ateamofscientistsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology,alongwithgovernmentandindustrycollaborators,isattemptingtofundamentallyredesignairplanes.Theirconcept,namedthe"double-bubble"D8,couldsignificantlyreduceaviation'scarbonfootprintandimprovefuelefficiencyifvalidatedinfull-scaletests.Itcallsformajorchangestothestandard180-passengerBoeing737andAirbusA320aircraft—forexample,thefuselage(機(jī)身)hasawider,moreovalshapethanaconventionaljet.“It'sliketwobubbles[joined]sidebyside,”explainsAlejandraUranga,anassistantprofessorofaerospaceandmechanicalengineeringnowattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Thismodificationletsthefuselageitselfgeneratesomelift,saysUranga,whoisaco-principalinvestigatorfortheproject,alongsideEdardGreitzerofM.LT.Thealteredbodyshapeallowsthewingsandtailtobesmallerandlighter,andtheaircraft'snoseisalsomoreaerodynamic.Themostsignificantchange,though,istheengineposition.Airslowsdownasitflowsoverthetopofaconvention,therebycreatingdragandmakingthecraftlessefficient.ButtheD8designmovesthejet’senginesfromtheirusualspotunderneaththewingstoatoptheplane'sbody,bythetailwheretheysuckinandre-acceleratetheslowlayerofair,greatlyreducingdrag.Thesealterationswouldmaketheaircraftuse37percentlessfuelthanatypicalpassengerjet,Urangasays.Theproject’schiefengineerMarieDrela,Uranga,GreitzerandtheircollaboratorsatNASA,AuroraFlightSciencesandPratt&Whitneyhavealreadybuiltandtestedan11th-scalemodeloftheaircraftinaNASAwindtunnel.Combiningthenewdesignwithfuturetechnologicaladvancescouldfurtherreducefueluseandultimatelyaddupto66percentinfuelsavingsintwodecades,Urangasays.OtherexpertsnotethattheD8'sdevelopersmuststillovercomeeconomicobstacleswhileensuringthattheenginesarestrongenoughtohandlethenewconfiguration(配置).Still,“it’saverycompellingideaanddesign,”saysBrianJ.German,anaerospaceengineerattheGeorgiaInstituteofTechnology,whowasnotinvolvedinthework.Auroraisnowexploringthedevelopmentofahalf-scaleprototype（樣本）plane.Iftheeffortsucceeds,travelersmayflyinoneofthesejetsassoonas2035.What'sthemainpurposeoftheauthortocomparetheaviationsectortoacountryinPara.1?Tomakethewritingmorevividwithsuchananalogy.Tostresstheseverityofairpollutioncausedbyaviation.Becausethegrowthofaviationisthesymbolofacountry.Becauseaviationplaysasimportantaroleasacountry.Whatisthevitalshiftinthenewdesign?A.Theconceptwhichisnamedthe"double-bubble"D8.B.Thestandard180-passengerBoeing737andAirbusA320aircraft.C.Thefuselageoftheaircraftchangingintoawider,moreovalshape.D.Theairplane’senginesbeingmovedtotopoftheplane’sbody.Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?Aviation’scarbonfootprintcanbeasmuchasthreetimesbythefirsthalfofthiscentury.Thefuselageoftheaircraftwillbeequippedwithtwobubbles(joined)sidebyside.Becomingsmallerandlighter,thenoseoftheairplaneismoreaerodynamic.20yearslater,theamountoffuelusedintheaircraftwillbenearly?thesizeatpresent.A.①③B.②③C.①④D.③④Whatmaybethebesttitleforthispassage?AirplaneemissionsB.CarbonfootprintC.GreenerskiesD.Anewaircraftdesign(D)Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedanddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.ApairofbillssponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTemporePatriciaHaddad,toensure"genderparity"onboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percentfemale.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposinggovernmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.ThebillsaresimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedhiCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststatetorequiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrownadmittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan"important"policyinterest,BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisnohistoryofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof"equalprotection".Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynotcurrentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015theshareofwomenontheboardsofglobalcorporationsincreasedby54percent.Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadtolessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwidecorporategenderquota.WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboardmembershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoa“goldenskirt"phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.Nexttimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuchpoliciesarelatelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaveragewomen.77.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillssponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwills________ A.helplittletoreducegenderbias. B.poseathreattothestategovernment.C.raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.D.greatlybroadencareeroptions.78.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?A.Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowners.B.ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.C.ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.D.Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.79.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate________ A.theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.B.theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.C.thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.D.theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.80.Norway’sadoptionofanationwidecorporategenderquotahasledto________A.theunderestimationofelitewomen’srole.B.theobjectiontofemaleparticipationonboards.C.theentryofunqualifiedcandidatesintotheboard.D.thegrowingtensionbetweenlaborandmanagement81.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthetext?A.Women'sneedinemploymentshouldbeconsidered.B.Feasibilityshouldbeaprimeconcerninpolicy-making.C.Everyoneshouldtryhardtopromotesocialjustice.D.Majorsocialissuesshouldbethefocusoflegislation.SectionCDirections:Fillineachblankinthearticlewithapropersentencegivenbelow.Eachsentencecanbeusedonlyonce.Notethattherearetwomoresentencesthanyouneed.Allofthemgreatlyinfluencedthelandstheyinvadedandchangedthecourseofhistorywherevertheywent.B.Theywerehungrytofightandgreedyforriches.C.V