2022年黑龍江省大慶市實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)高一下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題

大慶實(shí)驗(yàn)中學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)三部2021級(jí)高（一）下學(xué)期期末考試英語(yǔ)試題第二部分閱讀理解（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題，每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AImmersiveVanGoghFromthecreatorsoftheblockbustershowinParisseenbyovertwomillionvisitorsandstillwowingcrowdsinToronto,thewestcoastpremiere(首場(chǎng))oftheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitwillbringtheartofVincenttolifeinLosAngeles.Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconic(偶像的)paintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.Youwillexperienceartlikeneverbefore—loseyourselfinentrancing,movingimagesthathighlightbrushstrokes,detail,andcolor—trulyilluminating(照亮)themindofthegenius.LOCATIONTheImmersiveVanGoghExhibitislocatedatasecretplacesituatedintheheartofLosAngeles.Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.TICKETPRICESVIPTICKETS—$99.99●Priorityaccess●VanGoghcushion(agiftforyou)●LimitededitionposterPREMIUMTICKETS—$59.99●VanGoghcushion(rental)●LimitededitionposterBASICTICKETS—$54.99●AdmissiononlyCHILDTICKETS—$29.99●Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)●Admissiononly●ChildticketsarenotsubjecttochangeofdatefeesTicketsareavailableonlineat.GIFTSHOPStopbyourExhibitGiftShoptotakethemagicofVanGoghhomewithyou!Fromclothingandjewelrytohomedécor,children’sbooks,andsomuchmore,youwillfinduniqueandthoughtfulsouvenirsattheImmersiveVanGoghExhibit.Alsobesuretocheckoutatouronlinestore!ExperiencetheorganiclandscapesofVanGogh’simagination,andjourneythroughhisbrillianceandmadnessinacompletelynewandunforgettableway.1.Accordingtothepassage,theImmersiveVanGoghExhibit________.A.presentsVanGogh’sartinamodernwayB.beginsajourneytoVanGogh’shometownC.displaysVanGogh’spaintingsonmovingwallsD.designsprojectsonVanGogh’slearningexperience2.Fromwherecanpeoplefindinformationabouttheexactlocationoftheexhibit?A.Anemail. B.Awebsite.C.Theticketoffice. D.Thegiftshop.3.Howmuchshouldacouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushionatleastpayforthevisit?A.$109.98. B.$154.98.C.$159.98. D.$199.98.【答案】1.A2.A3.B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了這場(chǎng)沉浸式梵高作品展在西海岸的首映式將在洛杉磯讓梵高的藝術(shù)重現(xiàn)人間?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段“Immersiveartisnotjustatechnicalwaytorepresentvideoandaudioinhugespaces.Thewordimmersiveindicatesadeepcommitmentofintentionswhichconnectimagesandsoundsinawaythattheaudienceisabletoexperienceadifferentwayoftheart.(沉浸式藝術(shù)不僅僅是在巨大空間中表現(xiàn)視頻和音頻技術(shù)方法。沉浸式這個(gè)詞表明了一種深刻的意圖，通過(guò)將圖像和聲音連接起來(lái)，讓觀眾能夠體驗(yàn)到一種不同的藝術(shù)方式)”以及第三段“Truetoitsname,thisexhibitiontransformstheiconicpaintingsofVincentvanGoghintomoving,wall-fillingprojections.“ImmersiveVanGogh”promiseshalf-a-millioncubicfeetofprojectionsthatpullfromsomeofthepost-impressionist’smostrecognizablepieces,includingTheBedroom,Sunflowersand,yes,TheStarryNight.(正如它的名字一樣，這次展覽將文森特·梵高的標(biāo)志性畫(huà)作變成了移動(dòng)的、充滿墻壁的投影。ImmersiveVanGogh承諾將使用50萬(wàn)立方英尺的投影，呈現(xiàn)出印象派最著名的作品，包括《臥室》、《向日葵》，沒(méi)錯(cuò)，還有《星夜》)”可知，沉浸式藝術(shù)是一種將圖像和聲音連接起來(lái)的新型藝術(shù)形式。本次梵高繪畫(huà)展演就是要通過(guò)沉浸式藝術(shù)展現(xiàn)。由此推知，本次展演將通過(guò)一種新的方式呈現(xiàn)。故選A。2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第五段“Tobeannouncedbeforetheexhibitopens,existingticketholderswillreceiveanemailwiththeplacenameandlocationonceitismadepublic.(在展覽開(kāi)始前宣布，一旦公開(kāi)，現(xiàn)有的門票持有者將收到一封附有地點(diǎn)和地點(diǎn)的電子郵件)”可知，想要得到本次展演的確切地點(diǎn)，只能通過(guò)電子郵件。故選A?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)題干“acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一對(duì)夫婦和一個(gè)5歲的孩子，并且想擁有一個(gè)梵高坐墊)”可知，一共有兩個(gè)成人，一個(gè)五歲的小孩，并且想要梵高坐墊。再結(jié)合“Ages6—16(children5andunderdonotrequireaticket)”可知，五歲以下的小孩不需要門票。再根據(jù)題干中“ownaVanGoghcushion”可知，想要得到一份VanGoghcushion必須其中一人購(gòu)買VIPTICKETS，即需要$99.99。另一個(gè)人只需要購(gòu)買BASICTICKETS(基本門票)，即需要$54.99。所以acouplewitha5-year-oldchildwhowouldliketoownaVanGoghcushion(一對(duì)夫婦和一個(gè)5歲的孩子，并且想擁有一個(gè)梵高坐墊)至少需要$154.98。故選B。BCPR(cardiopulmonaryresuscitation心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù))andfirstaidarerelatedtopics.Itcouldbesaidthatfirstaidisthemoregeneralofthetwo,andtraininginfirstaidmightincludeinstructionsandpracticeonhowtorespondtoavarietyofmedicalemergenciesthatcouldbecausingdangertolifeortoapartofaperson’sbody.Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbethestoppingofbreathingorheartbeat,andtherightresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.Thus,CPRcanbeseenasatypeoffirst-aidresponse.Therecanbedifferencesintheamountoffirst-aidtrainingpeoplelearn,andcoursescansometimesbebrokendownintoemergencyandstandardtraining.Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.ThebigdifferencebetweenCPRandfirstaid,intermsoftakingclasses,isthatCPRfocusesonlyonlearningtoperformcardiopulmonaryresuscitationandrecognizethosesituationsassoonaspossibleinwhichitshouldbeperformed,whilefirst-aidclassesmayteachthistoo,buttheywillteachinthebroadercontextofhowpeopleneedtorespondtolotsofdifferentinjuriesorillness.TheissueofCPRandfirstaidmaygetconfusingwhenpeopleareaskedtogettraininginoneorbothofthese.Somepeoplemaybeaskedtotakeafirst-aidcourseandhaveCPRtraining.Thosewhoneedmoreextensivetraininginstandardfirstaidcertainlywon’tsatisfythisneedbyonlytakingaCPRcourse.Thoseconfusedaboutwhattrainingtheyneedshouldgetthisissueclearwiththeperson(usuallyanemployer)requestingthetraining.BeingabletorespondfirstinamedicalemergencyusuallymeansneedingtoknowCPR,butotherknowledgecouldbejustasnecessary.Forinstance,howtostopuncontrollablebleedingorhowtohandleanepisodeofanaphylacticshock(過(guò)敏性休克)couldbevitaltoo.4.WhatisthepurposeofperformingCPR?A.Tobequalifiedasafirst-aidtrainer. B.Tomakeaperson’sheartstartbeatingagain.C.Todealwithallthemedicalemergencies. D.Togainpracticalknowledgeoffirstaid.5.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.CPRworksfasterwhensomeonebreakshisleg.B.CPRincludesmostcoursesofemergencytraining.C.EmergencyfirstaidismoreusefulthanCPR.D.Standardtrainingdealswithmoremedicalcases.6.WhencanpeoplegetthechancetoobtainCPRcertification?A.WhenpracticingawholedayinRedCross.B.AftersavingsomeonewithCPR.C.AfterfinishingtheCPRtraining.D.Whengettinginstructionsfromrecognizedagencies.7.Whereisthistextprobablytakenfrom?A.Abookreview. B.Anacademicreport.C.Ahealthmagazine. D.Amathsexampaper.【答案】4.B5.D6.C7.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)和急救課程在內(nèi)容上的區(qū)別。【4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Onesuchmedicalemergencycouldbecessation(停止)ofbreathingorheartbeat,andtheappropriateresponse,inthiscase,mightbetoperformCPR.(其中一種醫(yī)療緊急情況可能是呼吸或心跳停止，在這種情況下，適當(dāng)?shù)姆磻?yīng)可能要進(jìn)行心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)。)”可知，實(shí)施心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)（CPR）的目的是讓一個(gè)人的心臟重新獲得跳動(dòng)。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二、三句“Standardtrainingisactuallythemoreextensiveofthetwo,andwouldincludeteachingandlearninghowtohandleavarietyofmedicalsituationslikebitesfrominsectsoranimals,brokenbones,poisoning,childbirth,andcareofwounds.EmergencyfirstaidtendstobelimitedtotheteachingofCPR,howtohandlechokingemergencies,andinstructionsonwoundcareforheavybleeding.(標(biāo)準(zhǔn)培訓(xùn)實(shí)際上是兩種培訓(xùn)中更廣泛的一種，包括教授和學(xué)習(xí)如何處理各種醫(yī)療情況，如被昆蟲(chóng)或動(dòng)物咬傷、骨折、中毒、分娩和傷口護(hù)理。急救往往局限于心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)（CPR）的教學(xué)，如何處理窒息的緊急情況，以及大出血的傷口護(hù)理指導(dǎo)。)”可知，與急救相比，標(biāo)準(zhǔn)培訓(xùn)處理更多的醫(yī)療案例。故選D項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“PeoplemayneedawholedayofpracticeorlongerbeforegettingCPRcertification,whichshouldbeobtainedfromrecognizedagenciesliketheRedCross.(人們可能需要一整天或更長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的練習(xí)才能獲得心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)（CPR）證書(shū)，這應(yīng)該從像紅十字會(huì)這樣的被認(rèn)可的機(jī)構(gòu)獲得。)”可知，在完成心肺復(fù)蘇訓(xùn)練后有機(jī)會(huì)獲得心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)證書(shū)。故選C項(xiàng)?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。通讀全文，文章主要介紹了心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)和急救課程在內(nèi)容上的區(qū)別。尤其是第三段第一句“CPRandfirstaidmaybetaughttogetheroraresometimestakenasseparatecourses.(心肺復(fù)蘇術(shù)和急救可以一起講授，有時(shí)也可以分開(kāi)講授。)”可知，本文是關(guān)于醫(yī)學(xué)學(xué)術(shù)方面的文章。故選B項(xiàng)。CKillerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.ThestrangebehaviorfirstsurfacedonJuly29,2020,whena46-footboatwasrepeatedlyattackedforalmostanhourbynineorcas,causingtheboattorotate(旋轉(zhuǎn))180degreesandhavingitsengineswitchedoff.Sincethen,over30moresimilarincidentshavebeenreported.OnSeptember23,2020,Spain'sgovernmentbannedboatsoflessthan50feetinlengthfromsailinginthe60-milestretchoftheAtlanticcoastlinebetweenFerrolandtheEstacadeBaresCape,wheretheattackshavebeenoccurring.Researchersacrosstheworldaretryingtoexplaintheorcas'behavior.Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.However,AlfredoLópez,abiologyprofessorinGalicia,Spain,thinkstheattacksaredefensivemeasurestheorcasadoptedtoprotectthemselvesagainstboatinjuries.Theresearchercametothisconclusionafterlookingattheofthevideosofafewincidentsandnoticingthattwooftheyoungkillerwhalesinvolvedhadseriousinjuries.Hopefully,theexpertswillbeabletofindawaytorestoretheharmonybetweentheanimalsandthehumanssoon.8.Whatdoweknowaboutorcasinparagraph1?A.Theyarefriendlytohumans. B.Theyhavechangedtheirbehavior.CTheyarefamousforhuntingskills D.Theyhavemettoughlivingconditions.9.Whohold(s)theideathatfishingactivitiescausedtheincidents?A.KenBalcomb. B.Theenvironmentalists.C.AlfredoLópez. D.Spain'sgovernment.10.Whatdoestheunderlinedword"theagitation"inParagraph3referto?A.Theattacks. B.Foodshortages. C.Theoverfishing. D.Humanactivities.11.Whatmightbeasuitabletitleforthistext?A.Howdokillerwhalesattackhumans?B.WhyAreKillerWhalesattackingBoats?C.Howcanweliveinharmonywithanimals?D.Whyareboatsbannedfromsailingonthesea?【答案】8.B9.A10.A11.B【解析】【分析】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。報(bào)道了西班牙葡萄牙近海區(qū)多艘小型漁船遭遇殺人鯨襲擊?！?題詳解】推理判斷題。由根據(jù)第一段第一句“Killerwhales,ororcas,areknownfortheirsevereattacksonseaanimalsbuttheyhaveneverposedathreattohumans.”可知，以前虎鯨從未襲擊人類。結(jié)合第二句“However,sincelateJuly,thenormallysocialanimalshavebeenintentionallyattackingsailboatsoffthecoastsofSpainandPortugal.”（然而自從去年七月，這種動(dòng)物一直在有意地襲擊西班牙葡萄牙近海岸水域的漁船。）可知，虎鯨改變了他們的行為。故選B項(xiàng)。”【9題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段“Somebelieveitcouldbearesultoftheoverfishingofthebluefishtuna-theorcas'primaryfoodsource-whichhasleftthearea'skillerwhalesstarvingandunabletofeedtheirbabies."Isawthemlookatboatscarryingfish.Ithinktheyknowhumansaresomehowrelatedtofoodshortages,"saysKenBalcomb,seniorscientistattheCenterforWhaleResearchinWashington,USA.（有些研究員認(rèn)為可能是由于人類過(guò)度捕獵虎鯨為食的魚(yú)類引起的，導(dǎo)致虎鯨吃不飽不能喂養(yǎng)幼鯨。KenBalcomb,說(shuō)他看到虎鯨盯著載滿魚(yú)的船，大概知道人類和他們挨餓有關(guān)）可知，A項(xiàng)符合題意。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。第三段在分析虎鯨襲擊人類的漁船行為的原因。舉例說(shuō)明了有的研究員認(rèn)為是人類過(guò)度捕魚(yú)可能導(dǎo)致虎鯨食物不足，引發(fā)虎鯨襲擊漁船。劃線詞所在句子“Theenvironmentalistsbelievethesuddenincreaseinboattrafficandfishingactivities,aftermonthsofabsenceduetorestrictionsonhumanactivitylastspring,couldalsobecontributingtotheagitation.”（環(huán)境學(xué)家認(rèn)為好幾個(gè)月的春季禁漁期結(jié)束，漁船流量突然增加和捕魚(yú)活動(dòng)也可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致這些虎鯨襲擊漁船事件。）該句分析了另一個(gè)引發(fā)虎鯨襲擊事件的原因，據(jù)此可以推測(cè)劃線詞的意思是虎鯨襲擊事件。故選A項(xiàng)?！?1題詳解】推理判斷題。文章開(kāi)頭介紹虎鯨襲擊漁船的異常行為。接下來(lái)分析各種有可能引發(fā)虎鯨異常行為的誘因，所以題目應(yīng)該是“虎鯨為什么襲擊漁船”。故選B項(xiàng)DScientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.SarbajitBanerjee,aprofessorofchemistryandmaterialsscienceandengineeringatTexasA&MUniversity,said3Dprintingenabledthemtoprinttheentirefrontofabuilding,althoughgettingsuchstructurestomeetexistingbuildingruleswasstillasignificantchallenge.Concrete(混凝土)isstilltheimportantmaterialusedinmanyconstructionprojectsbutitcannotberecycledandrequiresalotofenergytomixandtransport.Theresearchteam’saimistoprintstructuresusingthetypeofsoilthatcanbefoundinanygarden.“Whileconcreteiswidelyusedinhousingandhasenabledthegrowthofcities,thishascomeataconsiderableenvironmentalcost,”saidBanerjee.“Themoveto3D-printconcretethreatenstoexacerbatethisproblem.However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.Usingsuchmaterialswillfurtherpavethewayforbuildingdesignsthatarespecificallyadaptedtotheneedsofthelocalclimate.What’smore,theuseoflocalmaterialswouldreducetheneedtotransportconcretelongdistances,furtherreducingtheenvironmentalimpactofthebuildings.Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.Forinstance,theyhaveworkedonaddressingtheproblemofbuildingall-weatherroadsnearthearcticarea.TheyhopethetechnologycouldonedaybeusedbeyondEarth,tocreatesettlementsonthemoonorevenMars.12.What’sthelatestdevelopmentinconstruction?A.Recyclingconcrete. B.Reducingtheconstructioncost.C.3D-printingbuildingsfromlocalsoil. D.Changingtheconstructionrules.13.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“exacerbate”inParagraph5probablymean?A.solve. B.simplify. C.relieve. D.worsen.14.Whatistheconditionforreplacingconcretewiththeearth?AThelocalclimate. B.Thesoil’sweight-bearingcapability.C.Theenvironmentalfootprint. D.Thecostoftransportation.15.Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A.Theoutlookforfurtherstudies. B.Theexplorationsofthearcticarea.C.Thelimitsofthenewtechnology. D.Thebarriertobuildingonotherplanets.【答案】12.C13.D14.B15.A【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】這是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了一種利用當(dāng)?shù)赝寥?D打印綠色建筑的方法?！?2題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Scientistshaverecentlydevelopedamethodto3D-printgreenerbuildingsusinglocalsoilthattheysayhasthepossibilitytobeintheleadintheconstructionindustry.(科學(xué)家最近開(kāi)發(fā)了一種利用當(dāng)?shù)赝寥?D打印綠色建筑的方法，他們說(shuō)這種方法有可能在建筑業(yè)中處于領(lǐng)先地位。)”可知，用當(dāng)?shù)赝寥?D打印建筑是建筑領(lǐng)域的最新發(fā)展。故選C項(xiàng)。【13題詳解】詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第五段“However,wetrytomakeanewexampleofconstructionthatusesnaturallysourcedmaterials.(然而，我們?cè)噲D創(chuàng)造一個(gè)使用天然材料的建筑新樣例。)”可知，我們創(chuàng)造一個(gè)新樣例，說(shuō)明上文應(yīng)該是指使用3D打印混凝土可能會(huì)“加劇”這一問(wèn)題，所以可推斷出劃線詞是“加劇”的意思。故選D項(xiàng)?！?4題詳解】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段“Theresearchteam’splantoreplaceconcretewiththeearthbeneathourfeetdependsontheirabilitytoimprovethesoil’scapabilitytostandtheweightofthewholehouse,towardswhichBanerjeesaidthey“aremakingexcellentprogress”.(研究小組計(jì)劃用我們腳下的泥土取代混凝土，這取決于他們是否有能力提高土壤承受整個(gè)房屋重量的能力，班納吉表示，他們正在朝著這一目標(biāo)“取得巨大進(jìn)展”。)”可知，用泥土代替混凝土的條件是土壤的承重能力。故選B項(xiàng)?！?5題詳解】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章最后一段“Oncetheyhaveaclearerideaofthelimitsofthetechnology,Banerjeeandhisteamplantofurtherinvestigatehowitmightallowforbuildingonotherplanets.(一旦他們對(duì)這項(xiàng)技術(shù)的局限性有了更清晰的認(rèn)識(shí)，班納吉和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)計(jì)劃進(jìn)一步研究它如何允許在其他星球上建造房屋。)”可知，最后一段主要講對(duì)進(jìn)一步研究的展望。故選A項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題，每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出能填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。Anyonewhodealswithteensknowshowdifficulttheadolescentyearscanbe.Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.____16____Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.____17____.Thestudiesconfirmteensaremorelikelytotakerisksandbehaveinextremeways.Onewaythebraindoesthisisbychangingthewayteensthinkofdangerandreward(回報(bào)).Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.____18____.Italsomakesteensfeelmoreexcitedaboutnewexperiencesthanadultsdo.Besides,researchersfounditmakessocialconnectionsespeciallyrewarding.Generally,teenagershaveanintenseneedtomeetnewpeopleandthinktheyouthmayonedaycontroltheworldtheylivein.Asit’sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.____19____.Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohavevariousfriends.Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.____20____Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.Thescientists’findingssuggestthatinthelongrun,theimpulses(沖動(dòng))oftheteenbrainarewhathelpteensleavetheirparents’careandlivetheirownlivessuccessfully.A.Itishardfortheteenstoadapttonewsituations.B.Theresultisthechangeableactionsseeninteens.C.Thereforeitconnectssocialrewardswithmorepleasure.D.Thismakestherewardsseemmoreimportantthantherisks.E.However,itisofgreatbenefitforteenagerstogoforrewards.F.Theteenbraininspiresteenagerstohelppreparefortheschoollife.G.Thesethingswerethoughttobedowntothefoolishnessoftheyoung.【答案】16.G17.B18.D19.C20.E【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文為一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了青少年大腦發(fā)育過(guò)程中對(duì)于他們心理和行為上的影響?！?6題詳解】空前“Teensarealwaysknowntodowildanddangerousthings.”描述青少年在青春期會(huì)做狂野和危險(xiǎn)的事情，空后“Butnowscientistshavestudiedthephysicaldevelopmentofthebraininmoredetail,leadingtoanewtheoryofwhyteensactthewaytheydo.(但現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家們對(duì)大腦的生理發(fā)育進(jìn)行了更詳細(xì)的研究，并提出了一種關(guān)于青少年行為方式的新理論)”表示科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)解釋青少年行為的理論；G選項(xiàng)“這些事情被認(rèn)為是年輕人的愚蠢行為”描述人們對(duì)于青少年行為的普遍觀點(diǎn)，且Thesethings與前文中的wildanddangerousthings對(duì)應(yīng)。故選G項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】空前“Scientistsdiscoveredthatthoughourbrainsarealmostattheirfullsizebytheageofsix,theyarenotfullydeveloped.Now,scientistshavefoundourbrainscontinuetochangetillage25.(科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)，雖然我們的大腦在6歲時(shí)幾乎達(dá)到完整大小，但它們還沒(méi)有完全發(fā)育。現(xiàn)在，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)我們的大腦在25歲之前會(huì)繼續(xù)變化)”表示大腦一直要發(fā)育到25歲，結(jié)合上一段描述青少年行為的科學(xué)原因可知，B選項(xiàng)“其結(jié)果就是青少年不可預(yù)測(cè)的行為”表示生理變化導(dǎo)致行為上的結(jié)果，符合語(yǔ)境。故選B項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】空前“Whenteenagersthinkaboutrewards,theirbrainsproducemorechemicalsthatcreatepleasurethanadultbrainswould.(當(dāng)青少年想到回報(bào)時(shí)，他們的大腦會(huì)比成年人產(chǎn)生更多的化學(xué)物質(zhì)來(lái)創(chuàng)造快樂(lè))”描述對(duì)于青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，回報(bào)會(huì)帶來(lái)快樂(lè)，D選項(xiàng)“這使得回報(bào)似乎比風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更重要”描述青少年對(duì)于回報(bào)和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的看法，且本句中This指代前文一句內(nèi)容。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】空前“Asit'sstilldeveloping,ateenagebraincanchangetodealwithnewsituations.(青少年的大腦還在發(fā)育中，它可以改變來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)新情況)”描述青少年的大腦在發(fā)育，會(huì)改變來(lái)應(yīng)對(duì)新情況，空后“Inthisway,thebrainencouragesteenstohaveawidecircleoffriends.(通過(guò)這種方式，大腦鼓勵(lì)青少年擁有廣泛的朋友圈)”描述青少年在社交上的行為；C選項(xiàng)“因此，它將社會(huì)獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)與更多的快樂(lè)聯(lián)系在一起”描述青少年如何應(yīng)對(duì)社會(huì)關(guān)系，承上啟下。故選C項(xiàng)。【20題詳解】空前“Somepeoplethinkthatthishuntforgreaterrewardscansometimesleadteenagerstogotoextremes.(有些人認(rèn)為這種追求更大回報(bào)的行為有時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年走向極端)”講述過(guò)分追求回報(bào)對(duì)于青少年的弊端，空后“Itmeansthatteensaremorelikely,andlessafraid,totrynewthingsortobeindependent.(這意味著青少年更有可能，更少害怕，去嘗試新事物或獨(dú)立)”描述對(duì)于青少年的好處；E選項(xiàng)“然而，對(duì)青少年來(lái)說(shuō)，爭(zhēng)取回報(bào)是有很大好處的”進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)折，描述追求回報(bào)的好處，符合語(yǔ)境。故選E項(xiàng)。第三部分：語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共三節(jié)，滿分40分）第一節(jié)完形填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。ThegirlGuoYujiegotaperfectgiftonSaturday—agoldmedalofBeijing2022ParalympicWinterGames.Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe____21____inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon____22____.Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep____23____.GuowasborninShangyicounty,Zhangjiakou,with____24____onherlefthand.Shefirsttried____25____whenshewas11.“IwashappywhenIwasskiing,”Guosaid.Shethen____26____tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.Herdecisionwasalso____27____byherfamily.Inbiathlon(冬季兩項(xiàng)),Guo____28____herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.“Ijust____29____thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor____30____.Ihopemoreyoungpeoplewithdisabilitycanfindtheir____31____insnowsports.Actually,disabledpeoplearenot____32____atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome____33____.Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,”Guosaid.Guo’s____34____istheresultoffiveyearsofhardtraining.Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.“Theyareallveryproudofme.____35____,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.”21.A.restarea B.turningpoint C.rescuecenter D.finishline22.A.track B.snow C.foot D.water23.A.writing B.singing C.fighting D.smiling24.A.tools B.awards C.disabilities D.fingers25.A.running B.researching C.reporting D.skiing26.A.failed B.decided C.continued D.hesitated27.A.supported B.ignored C.tested D.refused28.A.givesup B.picksup C.looksupto D.makesupfor29.A.love B.hide C.control D.remove30.A.growing B.answering C.shooting D.relaxing31.A.interest B.information C.views D.faults32.A.angry B.crazy C.skillful D.bad33.A.targets B.champions C.trainers D.partners34.A.gold B.goal C.hope D.base35.A.Usually B.Finally C.Unluckily D.Suddenly【答案】21.D22.B23.C24.C25.D26.B27.A28.D29.A30.C31.A32.D33.B34.A35.B【解析】【導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇新聞報(bào)道。3月16日北京冬季殘奧會(huì)，郭玉潔在女子站姿滑雪比賽中，為中國(guó)女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會(huì)滑雪方面的金牌。她想告訴那些身患?xì)埣驳娜瞬灰H低自己，要保持奮斗?！?1題詳解】考查名詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：這位18歲的少年于3月16日沖向終點(diǎn)線，在女子短距離站姿比賽中，為中國(guó)女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會(huì)冰雪運(yùn)動(dòng)方面的金牌。A.restarea休息區(qū)；B.turningpoint轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)；C.rescuecenter救援中心；D.finishline終點(diǎn)線。根據(jù)后半句“toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalforaChinesewomanon2.”可知，能贏得金牌，必定第一個(gè)沖過(guò)了“終點(diǎn)線（finishline）”。故選D項(xiàng)?！?2題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：這位18歲的少年于3月16日沖向終點(diǎn)線，在女子短距離站姿比賽中，為中國(guó)女子贏得了第一枚冬季殘奧會(huì)雪上運(yùn)動(dòng)方面的金牌。A.track軌道；B.snow雪；C.foot腳；D.water水。根據(jù)本句中的“inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)”，以及第二段中“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(“我滑雪時(shí)很開(kāi)心，”郭說(shuō)。)”可知，郭玉潔進(jìn)行的是短距離站姿的越野滑雪比賽，因此她為中國(guó)女子贏得了是第一枚冬季殘奧會(huì)“滑雪（snow）”方面的金牌。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她希望告訴殘疾青年，他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)奮斗。A.writing寫(xiě)作；B.singing唱歌；C.fighting戰(zhàn)斗，努力奮斗；D.smiling微笑。根據(jù)第三段最后一句“‘Peopleshouldn’tlookdownonthemselvesjustbecauseoftheirdisabilities,’Guosaid.(郭說(shuō)，人們不應(yīng)該因?yàn)樽约旱臍埣捕床黄鹱约骸?”可知，她希望她的成功能夠鼓舞那些殘疾人士跟她一樣去“奮斗（fighting）”，不要低估了自己。故選C項(xiàng)。【24題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：郭雨潔出生在張家口尚義縣，左手殘疾。A.tools工具；B.awards獎(jiǎng)項(xiàng)；C.disabilities殘疾；D.fingers手指。根據(jù)上文“Shehopedtotelltheyoungpeoplewithdisabilitiesthattheyshouldkeep3.(她希望告訴殘疾青年，他們應(yīng)該繼續(xù)戰(zhàn)斗。)”可知，她用自己盡管有殘疾，但依舊能奪金的實(shí)例來(lái)鼓舞那些和她一樣的殘疾人，因此可知她左手殘疾。故選C項(xiàng)。【25題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她11歲時(shí)第一次嘗試滑雪。A.running跑步；B.researching研究；C.reporting報(bào)告；D.skiing滑雪。根據(jù)下一句“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.(郭說(shuō)：“我滑雪的時(shí)候很開(kāi)心”。)”可知，此處skiing為復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，她從11歲開(kāi)始學(xué)滑雪。故選D項(xiàng)?！?6題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：然后她決定成為一名越野滑雪者和冬季兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。A.failed失??；B.decided決定；C.continued繼續(xù)；D.hesitated猶豫不決。根據(jù)后一句“Herdecisionwasalso7byherfamily.(她的決定也得到了家人的支持。)”，此句的decision為同根復(fù)現(xiàn)詞，可知，她“決定（decided）”成為滑雪和冬季滑雪兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員，并且這個(gè)決定獲得了家人的支持。故選B項(xiàng)?！?7題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：她的決定也得到了家人的支持。A.supported支持；B.ignored忽略；C.tested測(cè)試；D.refused拒絕。根據(jù)文章最后一句“Shesaidthatherparents,relatives,andfriendswatchedhercompeteliveonTV.‘Theyareallveryproudofme.15,Ihaveliveduptotheirexpectations.(她的父母、親戚和朋友都在電視上觀看了她的比賽直播。她說(shuō)，“他們都為我感到驕傲。最終，我沒(méi)有辜負(fù)大家的期望”。)”可知，坐在電視機(jī)前的家人對(duì)她的表現(xiàn)有期待，說(shuō)明一開(kāi)始他們就有“支持（supported）”她做的決定。故選A項(xiàng)?！?8題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)辨析。句意：在冬季兩項(xiàng)比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準(zhǔn)和速度彌補(bǔ)了她滑雪耐力的不足。A.givesup放棄；B.picksup撿起；C.looksupto仰望；D.makesupfor彌補(bǔ)。根據(jù)下文“Ijust9thequickchangebetweenhigh-speedracingandcontrollingmybreathingfor10.(我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時(shí)控制呼吸之間的快速變化。)”可知，她盡管滑雪缺乏耐力，但是她能夠在射擊方面用精準(zhǔn)度和速度來(lái)“彌補(bǔ)（makesupfor）”這一弱點(diǎn)，依舊奪得金牌。故選D項(xiàng)?！?9題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時(shí)控制呼吸之間的快速變化。A.love愛(ài)；B.hide隱藏；C.control控制；D.remove刪除。根據(jù)上文“‘IwashappywhenIwasskiing,’Guosaid.Shethen6tobecomeacross-countryskierandbiathlete.(‘我滑雪的時(shí)候很開(kāi)心’，郭說(shuō)。然后她決定成為一名越野滑雪者和冬季兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)員。)”以及“Inbiathlon(冬季兩項(xiàng)),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季兩項(xiàng)比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準(zhǔn)和速度彌補(bǔ)了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，郭喜歡滑雪運(yùn)動(dòng)的速度，而射擊方面她能精準(zhǔn)快速射擊，可見(jiàn)她很“喜歡（love）”在兩項(xiàng)運(yùn)動(dòng)之間做快速轉(zhuǎn)換。故選A項(xiàng)?！?0題詳解】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：我只是喜歡在高速比賽和射擊時(shí)控制呼吸之間的快速變化。A.growing成長(zhǎng)；B.answering回答；C.shooting射擊；D.relaxing放松。根據(jù)“Inbiathlon(冬季兩項(xiàng)),Guo8herlackofstamina(耐力)inskiingwithaccuracyandspeedintheshootingpart.(在冬季兩項(xiàng)比賽中，郭在射擊環(huán)節(jié)以精準(zhǔn)和速度彌補(bǔ)了她滑雪耐力的不足。)”可知，她要用她的射擊方面的優(yōu)勢(shì)彌補(bǔ)滑雪方面的弱勢(shì)，因此，需要調(diào)整呼吸為“射擊（shooting）”做準(zhǔn)備。故選C項(xiàng)。【31題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我希望更多年輕的殘疾人士能對(duì)雪上運(yùn)動(dòng)感興趣。A.interest興趣；B.information信息；C.views觀點(diǎn)；D.faults錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)后文“Actually,disabledpeoplearenot12atanything.WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(事實(shí)上，殘障人士在任何方面都不差。我們可以參加冬季殘奧會(huì)，成為冠軍。)”可知，她在鼓勵(lì)其他殘疾人士也可以像她一樣參加冬季殘奧會(huì)，也能通過(guò)奮斗努力獲得冠軍，因此，她希望更多的年輕殘疾人能找到他們?cè)谘┥线\(yùn)動(dòng)方面的“興趣（interest）”。故選A項(xiàng)。【32題詳解】考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：事實(shí)上，殘障人士在任何方面都不差。A.angry生氣的；B.crazy瘋狂的；C.skillful熟練的；D.bad差的。根據(jù)后文“WecantakepartintheWinterParalympicsandbecome13.(我們可以參加冬季殘奧會(huì)，成為冠軍。)”可知，她認(rèn)為殘疾人士一樣在雪上運(yùn)動(dòng)獲得成就，一樣獲得冠軍，他們?cè)谌魏畏矫娑疾徊?。故選D項(xiàng)。【33題詳解】考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：我們可以參加冬殘奧會(huì)，成為冠軍。A.targets目標(biāo)；B.champions冠軍；C.trainers教練員；D.partners搭檔。根據(jù)上文“Theteenager,whoturned18onMarch16,spedtothe1inthewomen’ssprintstandingevent(短距離站姿比賽)toclaimthefirst-everWinterParalympicgoldmedalfor