中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)動名詞的用法知識講解

中考英語語法復(fù)習(xí)動名詞的用法知識講解一、動名詞作主語ReadingFrenchbooksiseasierthanspeakingit.Walkingismysoleexercise.Talkingmendsnoholes.（諺）空談無濟(jì)于事。Seeingisbelieving.眼見為實(shí)。注：1)動名詞作主語時用it作形式主語，把動名詞放到句子后面。常見句型:①It'+adj(useless,hopeless,nice,good,interesting,expensive,worthwhile)+doingsth．②It's+adj(nouse,nogood,fun,agreatpleasure,awonder,awasteoftime)+doingsth.【例】Itisuselessspeaking.光說沒用。It’shopelessarguingaboutit.爭辯這事沒有用。Itisniceseeingyouagain．Itisgoodplayingchessaftersupper．Itisexpensiverunningthiscar．開這種小車是浪費(fèi)。Isitworthwhilequarrelingwithher?Itwasawasteoftimereadingthatbook.看那本書是浪費(fèi)時間。2)“Thereis+no”后可以用動名詞作主語，表示“沒法…”：Therewasnoknowingwhathecoulddo.沒法知道他能做什么。二、動名詞作表語Herjobiswashingandcooking.Myhobbyiscollectingstamps.Seeingisbelieving.（諺）眼見為實(shí)。三、動名詞作賓語1）可加動名詞作賓語的動詞或動詞短語acknowledge承認(rèn)，自認(rèn)admit承認(rèn)avoid避免appreciate感激，欣賞advocate提倡，主張bear忍受complete完成can'thelp不禁can'tstand受不了consider考慮deny否認(rèn)delay延遲dislike不喜歡，討厭excuse借口enjoy享有，喜愛envy嫉妒escape逃跑，逃避fancy幻想，愛好finish完成，結(jié)束forgive原諒hate討厭厭惡imagine設(shè)想involve卷入，包含keep保持mind介意mention說到，講到miss錯過permit允許pardon原諒，饒恕prevent阻止practise實(shí)行，實(shí)踐quit放棄停止resist抵抗，阻止recall回想risk冒險save營救，儲蓄stand堅(jiān)持，忍受，suggest建議【例】Isuggestedbringingthemeetingtoanend.Headmittedtakingthemoney.Fancymeetingyou!Toraisewagesmeansincreasingpurchasingpower.Hedidntrecallsayingit.Henevercanresistmakingajoke.Thegardenneeds/wants/requireswatering.花園需要被澆水2)有些動詞可以用動名詞作賓語，也可以用不定式作賓語，（1）兩者意思不同Iremembertellingyouaboutit.Remembertotellhimaboutit.I’llneverforgethearingChaliapinsinginginthatopera.Heforgottobringhisumbrella.We’vealwaysregrettedsellingthefarm。Iregrettotellyouthatmyfatherisill.我遺憾的告訴你我父親病了。Trydoingmoreexercises;you’llsoonloseweight.I’lltrytoimprove.我將設(shè)法改進(jìn)。Shecouldn’thelpfeelingdepressed.Allthishelped(to)raisefarmyields.這一切幫助提高了農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)量。Yourhairwantscutting.你的頭發(fā)需要理了。Somebodywantstoseeyou.有人想見你。Thepantsneedpressing.這條褲子需要熨燙。Idon’tthinkyouneedtoworryaboutit.Hestoppedtotalktous.他停下來和我們說話。Hestoppedtalkingtous.他停止和我們交談。Goontodo繼續(xù)做不同的事goondoing續(xù)做相同的事meantodo打算做某事meandoing意味著做某事（2）有一些區(qū)別，在like,love,prefer,hate,dread等動詞后，動名詞多表示習(xí)慣或經(jīng)常的情況，不定式多表示即將發(fā)生或具體一次的事：Oh,Ipreferbeingalone.Wepreferredtowalkthere.Shedreadsseeingthem.Idreadtothinkwhatmayhappen.有時兩者可以換用，意思上沒有差別：Hehatedthinking(tothink)aboutit.Sheloveshaving(tohave)lotsofyoungmenroundher.(3)在begin，Start，intend，continue后跟動名詞或不定式都可以。Ithasstartedraining(torain).開始下雨了。Thebandbeganplaying(toplay).樂隊(duì)開始演奏。Heintendedcoming(tocome)backsoon.他打算不久就回來。Shecontinuedworking(towork)asifnothinghadhappened.區(qū)別：在begin，Start，不定式多表示情況發(fā)生變化,而動名詞表示有意識地開始或停止.Suddenlyitstartedtorain.天突然下起雨來。Philipbegantocry.菲利普哭了起來。Webeganmakingpreparitionsforthetrip.我們開始作旅行的準(zhǔn)備。注意:在以-ing結(jié)尾的動詞后不宜再用動名詞，以避免-ing的重復(fù)：Hewasbeginningtomissher.他開始惦記她。It’sstartingtorain.天開始下起雨來。3)、作動介詞短語的賓語beusedto習(xí)慣于beaccustomedto習(xí)慣于beequalto勝任begivento沉溺于beopposedto反對berelatedto與……有關(guān)devoteoneselfto/bedevotedto獻(xiàn)身于giveriseto引起getdownto著手leadto導(dǎo)致lookforwardto期望objectto反對payattentionto注意putone'smindto全神貫注于stickto堅(jiān)持withaviewto準(zhǔn)備bekeenon急著bequitecapableof很有可能befedupwith煩besickof煩accusehimof指責(zé)chargethemwith指控forfearof不敢suspectehimof懷疑setabout著手consistin在于How/whatabout【例】Hehasgivenupplayingfootball.Theywillputoffdoingituntilnextyear.Eventhenshecarriedontalking.Whydoyoupersistinwritingsuchthings?Robbiecouldn’tkeepfromlaughing.四、動名詞作定語1）動名詞表示該名詞的用途【例】boxingcompetition拳擊比賽swimmingpool游泳池speakingcontest演講比賽sleepingbag睡袋sleepingpill安眠藥片writingdesk寫字臺writingpaper信紙2）介詞+動名詞構(gòu)成定語：Heisgoodattheartofmakingfriends.他堪諳交友之道。Iadmiredhisskillatdriving.我佩服他開車的技術(shù)。Hehadthechance(opportunity)ofvisitingBeijing.Idonotlikeherwayoftalking.我不喜歡她的講話方式。五、介詞+動名詞構(gòu)成狀語：Basswaitedalittlewhilebeforemakinguphismind.Afterstandinginthequeueforanhour,wegottwotickets.And,indoingso,hefellintocontraditions.Onreachingthecity,hecalledupLester.Idon’tblameyouforbeingcautious.Whathashedonebesidesreadingthepaper?Thereisnothingtogainbywaiting.坐等不會有收獲。Withoutwaitingforanyreply,helefttheroom.HehadnotboughtanewsuitsincecomingtoOxford.Shedissusdedmefromdoingit.她勸我不要做那事。六、動名詞構(gòu)成的合成名詞1）“動名詞+名詞”：waitingroom候車（診）室waitinglist候選人名單parkinglot(space)停車場（位）checkingaccount活期賬戶bankingsystem銀行系統(tǒng)sewingmachine縫紉機(jī)printing-press印刷機(jī)hearingaid助聽器operatingtable手術(shù)臺2）“形容詞（名詞）+動名詞”構(gòu)成：deep-ploughing深耕close-planing密植job-hunting找工作sight-seeing觀光window-shopping逛商店（只看不買）3）名詞化的動名詞可數(shù)名詞：painting畫saying俗話warning警告meaning意思ending結(jié)局feeling感覺不可數(shù)名詞boating劃船bowling打保齡球surfing沖浪dancing跳舞mountaineering登山常用復(fù)數(shù)形式：findings調(diào)查結(jié)果savings積蓄surroundings環(huán)境sufferings苦難earnings掙的錢belongings財(cái)物【例】Dickensoftengaverendingsofhisworks.狄更斯常常朗讀自己的作品。Whodidthecooking?誰做的飯？Ialwaysenjoyalittlelightreading.我一向喜歡讀點(diǎn)輕松的東西Hecouldnotanalyzehisfeeling.他沒法分析自己的感情。Takegoodcareofyourbelongings.3）固定說法Nosmoking.禁止吸煙。Noloitering.不許在此逗留。Nospitting.禁止吐痰。Noparking。禁止泊車。七、動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)One’sdoing動名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)在句中可作：a).主語：Yourcomingtohelpisagreatencouragementtome.你們來幫忙對我是很大的鼓舞。Hergoingoffinsuchahurryisveryrisky.她這樣匆忙離去很危險。Jane’snothavingreceivedpropertrainingwastoherdisadvantage.Ithasbeenagreathonouryourcomingtov