大學(xué)物理雙語教學(xué)各章節(jié)詞匯表

大學(xué)物理雙語教學(xué)各章節(jié)詞匯表Chapter1Introduction（引言）§1.1SpaceandTime（空間與時(shí)間）universe宇宙object物體measurement測量kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)motionofobjects物體的運(yùn)動(dòng)masspoint/particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)centerofmass質(zhì)心spaceandtime時(shí)空rotation旋轉(zhuǎn)subject研究的對象phenomena現(xiàn)象intergalactic星系間的submicroscopic亞微觀的dimension尺度uniform均勻的isotropic各向同性的continuous連續(xù)的direction方向graininess顆粒性location位置frameofreference參考系specify確定、規(guī)定simultaneously同時(shí)地inconsistentwith與…不一致define/definition定義platinum-iridium鉑銥合金atomicstandard原子標(biāo)準(zhǔn)transition躍遷meridian子午線generalconferenceonweightsandmeasures國際計(jì)量大會vacuum真空formerstandardoflength米原器atomicenergylevel原子能級isotopecesium銫同位素krypton氪angstrom?！?.2CoordinateSystemsandFramesofReference（坐標(biāo)系與參考系）frameofreference參考系coordinatesystem坐標(biāo)系rectangularCartesiancoordinates直角笛卡兒坐標(biāo)系axis/axes(pl.)（坐標(biāo)）軸

origin坐標(biāo)原點(diǎn)atrest靜止dimension維mutuallyperpendicular互相垂直intersection交點(diǎn)§1.3IdealizedModels（理想模型）idealizedmodel理想模型simplifiedversion簡化方式neglect忽略particle質(zhì)點(diǎn)airresistance空氣阻力vacuum真空intermsof利用rigidbody剛體insulator絕緣體§1.4Vectors（矢量）vector矢量scalar標(biāo)量magnitude大小velocity速度acceleration加速度momentum動(dòng)量proportionalto正比于parallel平行positionvector位置矢量§1.5PropertiesofVectors（矢量的特點(diǎn)）resultant/netvectoradditionsubtractionequivalenttranslatehead-to-tailmethodparallelogrammethoddiagonalcommutativelawscalarproductdotproductdistributivelawmultiplicationcrossproductvectorproductarearight-handruleparallelmultiplyfunctionsomevariable合矢量加法減法等價(jià)的平移三角形法平行四邊形法對角線交換律標(biāo)積點(diǎn)積分配律乘法叉積矢積面積右手定則平行乘函數(shù)某一變量

derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)§1.6ComponentsofaVector（矢量的分量）component分量absolutevalue絕對值projection投影perpendicular垂線rectangularcomponent正交分量§1.7UnitVectors（單位矢量）unitvector單位矢量dimensionless無量綱的unitmagnitude單位大小respectively分別地Chapter2Kinematics:MotioninTwoandThreeDimensions（運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)：二維與三維運(yùn)動(dòng)）§2.1KinematicalFunctionofaPoint（質(zhì)點(diǎn)的運(yùn)動(dòng)函數(shù)）positionvector位置矢量trigonometry三角學(xué)§2.2DisplacementandVelocity（位移與速度）trajectory軌跡displacementvector位移矢量velocity速度ratio比值，比率straightline直線approach趨近、接近limit極限averagevelocity平均速度instantaneousvelocity瞬時(shí)速度slope斜率chord弦limitingprocess求極限過程curvedpath彎曲路徑derivative導(dǎo)數(shù)magnitudeanddirection大小和方向speed速率scalarcomponents標(biāo)量分量limitingvalue極限值limitingprocess求極限過程tangent相切、切線change增量、改變量differentialn.微分

differentiatev.微分、求導(dǎo)integratev.積分integrationn.積分coefficient系數(shù)module(矢量的)模successively連續(xù)地squareroot平方根§2.3Acceleration（加速度）acceleration加速度averageacceleration平均加速度instantaneousacceleration瞬時(shí)加速度secondderivative二階導(dǎo)數(shù)positive正的negative負(fù)的respectively分別地one-dimensionalmotion一維運(yùn)動(dòng)uniformcircularmotion勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)projectilemotion拋體運(yùn)動(dòng)§2.4MotionwithConstantAcceleration（勻加速運(yùn)動(dòng)）無§2.5LinearMotionwithConstantAcceleration（勻加速直線運(yùn)動(dòng)）linear線性的one-dimensional一維的corresponding對應(yīng)的eliminate消去freelyfallingbodies自由落體airresistance空氣阻力accelerationduetogravity重力加速度altitude高度verticaldirection豎直方向negativesign負(fù)號latitude經(jīng)度regardlessof與.無關(guān)maximumvalue最大值minimumvalue最小值§2.6ProjectileMotion（拋體運(yùn)動(dòng)）projectile拋體trajectory軌跡assumption假設(shè)negligible可忽略的rotation轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)airfriction空氣摩擦parabola拋物線parabolictrajectory拋物線軌跡initial初始的horizontal水平的independent獨(dú)立的

superposition疊加flighttime飛行時(shí)間horizontalrange射程maximumheight最大高度horizontalsurface水平面abodyprojectedhorizontally平拋物體vertical豎直的firingangle拋射角§2.7CircularMotion（圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)）circularmotion圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)uniformcircularmotion勻速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)circularmotionwithvaryingspeed變速圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)centripetal向心的arclength弧長angulardisplacement角位移instantaneousangularvelocity（瞬時(shí)）角速度radian(s)弧度dimensional有量綱的counterclockwise逆時(shí)針clockwise順時(shí)針circle圓centerofacircle圓心vectorially矢量地angularacceleration角加速度tangentialacceleration切向加速度center-seeking向心resolve（矢量）分解centripetalacceleration向心加速度normalacceleration法向加速度perpendicularto垂直于radial徑向的radius半徑§2.8RelativeMotion（相對運(yùn)動(dòng)）relativevelocity相對速度relativeacceleration相對加速度observer觀察者outcome結(jié)果measurement測量stationary靜止的differentiate求微分Galileantransformationequation伽利略變換valid有效的specialtheoryofrelativity狹義相對論asitturnsout結(jié)果是relativeto相對于headingduenorth頭朝北righttriangle直角三角形

upstream逆流hypotenuse直角三角形的斜邊Chapter3Newton’sLawsofMotion（牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律）§3.1Newton’sFirstLaw（牛頓第一定律）atrest靜止netexternalforce/resultantforce合外力inertialframeofreference慣性參考系inertia慣性acton=exert（力）作用于approximation近似inertialmass慣性質(zhì)量interact(n.interaction)相互作用resultantexternalforce合外力momentum動(dòng)量unlessstatedotherwise除非另有說明§3.2Newton’sSecondLaw（牛頓第二定律）nonzero非零的mass質(zhì)量momentum動(dòng)量rateofchange變化率directlyproportionalto正比于inverselyproportionalto反比于§3.3Newton’sThirdLaw（牛頓第三定律）interact相互作用opposite相反、相對isolated孤立的actionforce作用力reactionforce反作用力§3.4ApplicationsofNewton’sLaws（牛頓運(yùn)動(dòng)定律的應(yīng)用）tension張力diagram示意圖isolate隔離free-bodydiagram受力圖unknown未知量Atwood’sMachine阿特伍德機(jī)lightstring輕繩vertically豎直地frictionless無摩擦的incline斜面pulley滑輪balanced平衡的block木塊、滑塊wedge楔、斜鐵plane平面horizontalsurface水平面

§3.5InternationalUnitsandDimensions（國際單位制與量綱）physicalquantity物理量fundamentalunit基本單位universally普遍scientificcommunity科學(xué)界luminousintensity光強(qiáng)度abbreviation縮寫lowercase小寫的uppercase大寫的rectangle矩形§3.6IntroductiontoSomeCommonForces（幾種常見力）electromagnetic電磁的leanagainst倚靠compress壓mattressspring床墊彈簧normalforce法向力、支持力stiffness倔強(qiáng)性stretch拉伸frictionalforce/forceoffriction摩擦力viscousmedium粘滯媒質(zhì)（介質(zhì)）resistance阻力forceofstaticfriction靜摩擦力maximumforceofstaticfriction最大靜摩擦力isproportionalto正比于proportionalityconstant比例常數(shù)coefficientofstaticfriction靜摩擦系數(shù)coefficientofkineticfriction滑動(dòng)摩擦系數(shù)variation變化§3.7TheFourFundamentalForces（四種基本力）gravitationalforce引力universalgravitationalconstant萬有引力常數(shù)electromagneticforce電磁力bind約束Coulomb’slaw庫侖定律chargedparticle帶電粒子strongnuclearforce強(qiáng)力hydrogen氫nucleus(pl.nucleiornucleuses)原子核neutron中子proton質(zhì)子counteract抵抗repulsive排斥的strength強(qiáng)度weaknuclearforce弱力short-rangeforce短程力radioactivity放射性radioactivedecay放射性衰變nucleons核子massless無質(zhì)量的

actionatadistance遠(yuǎn)程作用hypothesis假設(shè)field場Chapter4LinearMomentumandAngularMomentum（動(dòng)量與角動(dòng)量）§4.1LinearMomentumandImpulse（動(dòng)量與沖量）(linear)momentum動(dòng)量impulse沖量impulse-momentumtheorem動(dòng)量定理time-averageforce平均沖力§4.2Impulse-momentumTheoremforParticlesSystem（質(zhì)點(diǎn)系的動(dòng)量定理）particlessystem質(zhì)點(diǎn)系internalforces內(nèi)力externalforces外力§4.3ConservationofLinearMomentum（動(dòng)量守恒定律）momenta（pl.）動(dòng)量§4.4CenterofMass（質(zhì)心）vectornotation矢量表示continuousobject連續(xù)物體elementofmass質(zhì)元§4.5MotionoftheCenterofMass（質(zhì)心的運(yùn)動(dòng)）conserved守恒的isolatedsystem孤立系統(tǒng)§4.6AngularMomentumofaParticle（質(zhì)點(diǎn)的角動(dòng)量）conserved守恒的isolatedsystem孤立系統(tǒng)§4.7ConservationLawofAngularMomentum（角動(dòng)量守恒定律）Kepler開普勒ellipse橢圓Chapter6RotationofaRigidBodyaboutaFixedAxis（剛體的定軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)）§6.1MotionofaRigidBody（剛體的運(yùn)動(dòng)）

rigidbody剛體parallelogramrule平行四邊形法則translation平動(dòng)anextendedbody空間實(shí)體rotation轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)nondeformable不變形的resultantmotion合運(yùn)動(dòng)parallel平行fixedaxis固定軸counterclockwisemotion逆時(shí)針運(yùn)動(dòng)angularacceleration角加速度clockwisemotion順時(shí)針運(yùn)動(dòng)separation間隔translation平動(dòng)angularvelocity角速度trajectory軌跡§6.2LawofRotationofaRigidBodyaboutaFixedAxis（剛體定軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定律）momentofinertia轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量rotationaxis旋轉(zhuǎn)軸torque力矩proportionalityconstant比例常數(shù)elementofmass質(zhì)元lineofactionofforce力的作用線analogue類似；相似perpendiculardistance垂直距離distributionofmass質(zhì)量分布pivotabout圍繞…旋轉(zhuǎn)；以…為軸旋轉(zhuǎn)momentarm力臂isproportionalto與…成正比§6.3CalculationofMomentsofInertiaforRigidBodies（轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)慣量的計(jì)算）anextendedbody延續(xù)實(shí)體hoop圓環(huán)sphericalshell薄球殼solidsphere實(shí)心球sphericalcavity球腔lineardensity線密度§6.4ApplicationofLawofRotationofaRigidBodyaboutaFixedAxis（剛體定軸轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)定律應(yīng)用）orientation方向；方位atwood’smachine伍德機(jī)brake制動(dòng)器，剎車pedal踏板sprocket鏈輪齒bearing軸承pulley滑輪nonslip無滑動(dòng)§6.5ConservationofAngularMomentumwithRespecttotheFixedAxis（對定軸角動(dòng)量守恒）resultantexternaltorque合外力矩isolated隔離的valid有效；適用pin銷；軸Chapter7ElectricFieldsofStationaryElectricCharges（靜止電荷的電場）§7.1Charge（電荷）Electricity電學(xué)magnetism磁學(xué)

accelerator加速器interatomic原子間的amber琥珀magnetite磁鐵礦electrification充電magnet磁鐵charge電荷quantized量子化的quantization量子化proton質(zhì)子electricallycharged帶電的chargedbody帶電體conservation守恒uncharged不帶電的§7.2Coulomb’sLaw（庫侖定律）Coulomb’sLaw庫侖定律inverselyproportionalto相反地separating分開的permittivity介電常數(shù)hydrogen氫oppositesign符號相反§7.3TheElectricField（電場）electricfield電場testcharge檢驗(yàn)電荷distribution分布X-rayX-射線lightning閃電electronic電子的intermolecular分子間的rub摩擦magnesia氧化鎂electromagnetism電磁學(xué)plasticrod塑料棒repel排斥attract吸引suspend懸掛neutron中子electron電子neutral中性的integer整數(shù)integralmultiple整數(shù)倍proportionalto正比于square平方product乘積repulsive排斥Coulombconstant庫侖常數(shù)superpositionprinciple疊加原理electricfield(intensity)電場強(qiáng)度sourcecharge場源電荷radiowaves無線電波atmosphere大氣thundercloud雷雨云§7.4CalculationofElectricField（電場的計(jì)算）stationarydenominatorelectricdipoleelectricdipolemomentsphericallysymmetriccontinuouschargedistributionchargeelementstrategy靜止的分母電偶極子電偶極矩球?qū)ΨQ電荷連續(xù)分布元電荷策略bisector平分線manipulation處理linearchargedensity電荷線密度surfacechargedensity電荷面密度volumechargedensity電荷體密度ringcharge帶電圓環(huán)chargeddisk帶電圓盤infiniteplateofcharge無限大帶電平面§7.5ElectricFieldLinesandElectricFlux（電場線和電通量）electricfieldlines電場線electricflux電通量infinity無窮遠(yuǎn)visualize形象化strength強(qiáng)度penetrate穿過qualitative定量的closedsurface閉合曲面align排列thread線intersection相交cross交叉§7.6Gauss’sLaw（高斯定理）Gauss’slaw高斯定理arbitraryshape任意形狀gaussiansurface高斯面electricflux電通量principle原理practice實(shí)際§7.7ApplicationofGauss’sLaw（高斯定理的應(yīng)用）

algebraic代數(shù)的rearrange重新整理chargedistribution電荷分布sphericalsymmetry球?qū)ΨQcylindricalsymmetry柱對稱planesymmetry平面對稱symmetric對稱的sphericalshell球殼infinitelength無限長infiniteplane無限大平面Chapter8ElectricPotential（電勢）§8.1ConservativityofElectrostaticField（靜電場的保守性）lineintegral線積分conservativeforcefield保守力場closedpath閉合路徑conservative保守的circuitaltheoremforelectrostaticfield靜電場環(huán)路定理§8.2PotentialDifferenceandElectricPotential（電勢差和電勢）potentialdifference電勢差electricpotential電勢infinity無窮遠(yuǎn)electrostaticpotentialenergy靜電勢能volt伏特voltage電壓electronvolt電子伏特battery電池§8.3CalculationofElectricPotential（電勢的計(jì)算）equipotentialsurface等勢面brokenlines虛線semicircular半圓的insulating絕緣的infinite無限的dashedlines虛線extend延伸solidlines實(shí)線finite有限的arbitrary任意的function函數(shù)curvedsurface曲面§8.4ElectricPotentialGradient（電勢梯度）gradient梯度notation符號potentialGradient電勢梯度maximum最大值rightangle直角sketch勾畫§8.5ElectrostaticPotentialEnergy（靜電勢能）electrostaticpotentialenergy靜電勢能vicinity附近Chapter9ConductorinElectrostaticField（靜電場中的導(dǎo)體）§9.1ConductorsinElectrostaticEquilibrium（導(dǎo)體的靜電平衡）isolatedconductor孤立導(dǎo)體electrostaticequilibrium靜電平衡equipotentialbody等勢體radiusofcurvature曲率半徑electrostaticshielding靜電屏蔽neutralize電中和sharppointdischarge尖端放電lightningrod避雷針cosmicrays宇宙射線lightningstroke雷擊glowdischarge輝光放電ion離子coronadischarge電暈放電shrink收縮cavity空腔grounding接地curvedsurface曲面conductingwire導(dǎo)線

collision碰撞thunderstorm雷暴inducedcharge感應(yīng)電荷insert插入guarantee保證contradiction矛盾§9.2CalculationofElectrostaticFieldwithConductorsNearby（有導(dǎo)體存在時(shí)靜電場的分析與計(jì)算）conductingslab導(dǎo)電板lateralarea側(cè)面unchargedconductor不帶電導(dǎo)體edgeeffect邊緣效應(yīng)redistribute重新分配external外部Chapter10CapacitorsandDielectricsinElectrostaticField（電容器和靜電場中的電介質(zhì)）§10.1CapacitanceandCapacitors（電容和電容器）Leydenjar萊頓瓶flash閃光燈capacitance電容coaxial同軸的capacitor電容器coaxialcable同軸電纜parallel-platecapacitor平行平板電容器concentric同心的cylindricalcapacitor圓柱形電容器parallelcombination并聯(lián)sphericalcapacitor球形電容器seriescombination串聯(lián)submultiple因數(shù)farad法拉microfarad微法拉picofarad皮法拉rectify調(diào)整inductance自感應(yīng)ignition點(diǎn)火sparking打火花metallic金屬(性)的combination聯(lián)合、組合equivalent相當(dāng)?shù)摹?0.2DielectricsandElectricField（電介質(zhì)與電場）dielectric電介質(zhì)relativedielectricconstant相對介電常數(shù)voltmeter伏特計(jì)insulating絕緣的dielectricbreakdown介質(zhì)擊穿dielectricstrength介電強(qiáng)度§10.3PolarizationofDielectrics（電介質(zhì)的極化）polarize極化polarmolecules極性分子polarization極化nonpolarmolecules非極性分子induceddipolemoments感應(yīng)電矩permanentelectricdipolemoments固有電矩surfacecharge表面電荷align排成一線orient取向boundcharge束縛電荷homogeneous均勻的freecharge自由電荷microwave微波oven烤箱vibrate振動(dòng)tune調(diào)整resonate共振oscillate振蕩§10.4Gauss’sLawforElectricDisplacementVector（Dr的高斯定律）

electricdisplacement電位移dielectricconstant介電常數(shù)deliberately故意地thefluxofD(r)D(r)的通量permittivity電容率§10.5EnergyStoredinaChargedCapacitor（電容器的能量）transfer轉(zhuǎn)移electrostaticpotentialenergy靜電勢能battery電池electrostaticfieldenergy靜電場能increment增量energydensity能量密度transformation轉(zhuǎn)化maximumoperatingvoltage最大工作電壓terminal終端deliver遞送dissipate消散pathway路徑Chapter11MagneticForce(磁力)§11.1NatureofMagneticForce(磁力的本質(zhì))magnetite磁鐵礦石barmagnet條形磁鐵interaction相互作用magneticpole磁極electriccurrentloopsofmolecules分子環(huán)形電流§11.2MagneticFieldandMagneticFieldVector(磁場和磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度)magneticfield磁場magneticfieldvector=magneticinduction=magneticfluxdensity磁感應(yīng)強(qiáng)度magneticforce磁場力Lorentzforce洛侖茲力B-line磁感(應(yīng))線magneticflux磁通量tesla(T)特（斯拉）weber韋伯§11.3MotionofaChargedParticleinaMagneticField(帶電粒子在磁場中的運(yùn)動(dòng))cyclotronperiod回旋周期magneticfocusing磁聚焦helix螺旋線pitch螺距magneticlens磁鏡magneticconfinement磁約束amagneticbottle磁瓶themassspectrometer質(zhì)譜儀schematicdrawing示意圖ion離子

precision精確度proton質(zhì)子deuteron氘核bombard轟擊cyclotron加速器deesD型盒evacuate抽成真空shield屏蔽oscillate振動(dòng)plasma等離子體nuclearfusion核聚變VanAllenbelts范阿侖輻射帶§11.4TheHallEffect(霍爾效應(yīng))theHallvoltage霍爾電壓thedriftvelocity漂移速度§11.5MagneticForceonaCurrent-carryingConductor(載流導(dǎo)體在磁場中受力—安培力)current-carryingconductor/wire載流導(dǎo)體/導(dǎo)線currentloopinauniformmagneticfield勻強(qiáng)磁場中的載流線圈linearelement線元currentelementvector電流元矢量loop環(huán),回路magneticmomentofacurrentloop載流線圈磁矩rectangularloop矩形回路awiresegment一段導(dǎo)線strip條；帶Chapter12SourceofMagneticField（磁場的源）§12.1TheMagneticFieldofMovingPointCharges（運(yùn)動(dòng)點(diǎn)電荷的磁場）permeabilityoffreespace真空磁導(dǎo)率§12.2TheBiot-SavartLaw（畢奧-薩伐爾定律）theBiot-SavartLaw畢奧-薩伐爾定律permeabilityoffreespace真空磁導(dǎo)率Gauss’lawinmagnetism磁場的高斯定律magneticmonopoles磁單極solenoid螺線管turn匝current-carryingwire載流導(dǎo)線encircle環(huán)繞currentelement電流元

diverge發(fā)散converge聚合magneticpole磁極magnet磁鐵magneticflux磁通量§12.3AmpereCircuitalTheorem（安培環(huán)路定理）penetrate穿過boundedby以…為邊界finitepoint有限點(diǎn)lineintegral線積分§12.4ApplicationofAmpereCircuitalTheorem（安培環(huán)路定理的應(yīng)用）current-carryingwire載流導(dǎo)線circumference周長cylindricalshell圓柱形殼toroid螺繞環(huán)innerradius內(nèi)徑outerradius外徑sphericalconductor球形導(dǎo)體§12.5MagneticFieldduetoVaryingElectricField（與變化的電場相聯(lián)系的磁場）displacementcurrent位移電流generalizedAmpere’sLaw廣義安培環(huán)路定理conductioncurrent傳導(dǎo)電流magneticmonopole磁單級postulate假設(shè)totalcurrent全電流steadycurrent恒定電流§12.6TheMagneticForceBetweenTwoParallelCurrent-carryingWires（平行電流間的相互作用力）antiparallel反平行Chapter13MagneticMediainMagneticField（磁場中的磁介質(zhì)）§13.1EffectonMagneticFieldCausedbyMagneticMedia（磁介質(zhì)對磁場的影響）

magneticmedium磁介質(zhì)diamagneticmedium抗磁質(zhì)paramagneticmedium順磁質(zhì)ferromagneticmaterial鐵磁質(zhì)magneticmoment磁矩paramagnetism順磁性partialalignment部分取向electronspin電子自旋magneticdipole磁偶極子ferromagnetism鐵磁性diamagnetism抗磁性inducedmagneticmoment感生磁矩permanentmagneticmoment固有磁矩§13.2AtomicMagneticDipoleMoments（原子磁矩）magnetization磁化atomic原子的magneticdipolemoment磁矩orbitalmagneticmoment軌道磁矩quantumtheory量子理論intrinsicspinangularmomentum內(nèi)稟自旋角動(dòng)量§13.3Magnetization（磁介質(zhì)的磁化）magnetizationmagnetizeatomiccurrentloopamperiancurrentcross-sectionalarean.磁化、磁化強(qiáng)度v.磁化分子環(huán)流安培電流橫截面積inducedmagneticdipolemoments感生磁矩surfacemagnetizationcurrent/boundcurrent面磁化電流(面束縛電流)appliedmagneticfield外加磁場magneticsusceptibility磁化率relativepermeability相對磁導(dǎo)率bismuth鉍Bohrmagneton玻爾磁子superconductor超導(dǎo)體emf電動(dòng)勢§13.4FerromagneticMaterials（鐵磁質(zhì)）iron鐵cobalt鈷nickel鎳alloy合金ferromagnetism鐵磁性magneticdomain磁疇criticaltemperature臨界溫度Curietemperature居里溫度thermalagitation熱擾動(dòng)endeffect邊界效應(yīng)magneticsaturation磁飽和reversible可逆的

magnetichysteresis磁滯效應(yīng)hysteresisloop磁滯回線magnetizationcurve磁化曲線initialmagnetizationcurve起始磁化曲線remnantmagnetization剩磁coerciveforce矯頑力memory記憶能力magnetize磁化demagnetize去磁，退磁transformer變壓器motor電動(dòng)機(jī)secondarycoil副線圈cycle循環(huán)irreversibleprocess不可逆過程hardferromagneticmaterials硬磁性材料softferromagneticmaterials軟磁性材料hysteresisloss磁滯損耗（鐵損）Curiepoint居里點(diǎn)permanentmagnet永久磁體,magnetictape磁帶，memoryunit記憶元件ironcores鐵芯galvanometer電流計(jì)rr§13.5CircuitalTheoremforH（H的環(huán)路定理）magneticintensity磁場強(qiáng)度magnetizationcurrent磁化電流freecurrent自由電流isotropic各向同性的permeability磁導(dǎo)率relativepermeability相對磁導(dǎo)率Chapter14ElectromagneticInduction（電磁感應(yīng)）§14.1FaradayLawofElectromagneticInduction（法拉第電磁感應(yīng)定律）electromagneticinduction電磁感應(yīng)inductioncurrent感應(yīng)電流emf(electromotiveforce)電動(dòng)勢inductionemf感生電動(dòng)勢weber韋伯LenzLaw楞次定律polarity極性§14.2Motionalemf（動(dòng)生電動(dòng)勢）motionalemf動(dòng)生電動(dòng)勢§14.3InducedemfandInducedElectricField（感生電動(dòng)勢和感生電場）

nonelectrostaticforce非靜電力inducedemf感生電動(dòng)勢inducedelectricfield感生電場vortexfield渦旋場eddycurrents渦流nonconservativefield非保守場time-varyingfield時(shí)變場alternate變化alternative交流電的，交變的laminated疊片（組成）的§14.4MutualInduction（互感現(xiàn)象）mutualinduction互感現(xiàn)象mutualinductance互感系數(shù)emfbymutualinduction互感電動(dòng)勢orientation方位§14.5Self-induction（自感現(xiàn)象）self-induction自感現(xiàn)象self-inductance自感系數(shù)inductor電感self-inducedemf自感電動(dòng)勢isproportionalto正比于§14.6EnergyofMagneticField（磁場的能量）magneticenergydensity磁場能量密度energyduetomutualinduction互感磁能Chapter15Maxwell’sEquationsandElectromagneticWaves（麥麥麥克克克斯斯斯韋韋韋方方方程程程組組組與與與電電電磁磁磁波波波）§15-1Maxwell’sEquations（麥克斯韋方程組）§15-2ElectromagneticWaves（電磁波）propagation傳播inphase同相、同步transversewaves橫波wavelength波長visiblespectrum可見光譜infraredwaves紅外波radiation輻射ultravioletray紫外線Poyngingvector坡印亭矢量§15-3TheWaveEquationforElectromagneticWaves（電磁波的方程）

wavefunction波函數(shù)waveequation波的方程wavenumber波數(shù)angularfrequency角頻率planewave平面波Chapter16TemperatureandtheKineticTheoryofGases（溫度與氣體運(yùn)動(dòng)論）§16.1ThermalEquilibriumandTemperature（熱平衡及溫度）temperature溫度hotness熱coldness冷thermometricproperty熱力學(xué)特性thermalcontact熱接觸theaverageinternalmolecularkineticenergy分子內(nèi)平均動(dòng)能thermalequilibrium熱平衡electricalconductor導(dǎo)電器thezerothlawofthermodynamics熱力學(xué)第零定律temperaturescale溫標(biāo)§16.2TheCelsiusandFahrenheitTemperatureScales（攝氏溫標(biāo)與華氏溫標(biāo)）thermometer溫度計(jì)temperaturescale溫標(biāo)theice-pointtemperature冰點(diǎn)溫度freezingpoint冰點(diǎn)steam-point沸點(diǎn)normalboilingpoint標(biāo)準(zhǔn)沸點(diǎn)thesteam-pointtemperature氣化點(diǎn)溫度theCelsiustemperaturescale攝氏溫標(biāo)theFahrenheittemperaturescale華氏溫標(biāo)§16.3GasThermometersandtheAbsoluteTemperatureScale（氣體溫度計(jì)和絕對溫標(biāo)）calibrate校對、校準(zhǔn)discrepancy差異volume體積density密度sufficientlylow足夠低sulfur硫aconstant-volumegasthermometer等容氣體溫度計(jì)triplepointofwater水的三相點(diǎn)ideal-gastemperaturescale理想氣體溫標(biāo)absolutetemperaturescale絕對溫標(biāo)

nitrogen氮hydrogen氫oxygen氧recalibrate再校準(zhǔn)extrapolate外推，向外延長triplepoint三相點(diǎn)coexist共存helium氦liquefy液化intermsof利用rigidbody剛體insulator絕緣體Kelvinscale開爾文溫標(biāo)§16.4TheIdeal-GasLaw（理想氣體定律）Boyle’slaw玻意耳定律constantvolume等體Boltzmann’sconstant玻耳茲曼常量mole摩爾Avogadro’snumber阿伏伽德羅常量carbonatom碳原子universalgasconstant普適氣體常量idealgas理想氣體equationofstate狀態(tài)方程statevariable狀態(tài)參量standardcondition標(biāo)準(zhǔn)條件subscript下標(biāo)§16.5TheKineticTheoryofGases（氣體分子運(yùn)動(dòng)論）macroscopicstatevariable宏觀狀態(tài)變量microscopicquantity微觀量wallsofacontainer容器壁translationalkineticenergy平動(dòng)動(dòng)能rootmeansquare(rms)speed方均根速率orderofmagnitude量級piston活塞redistribute再分布partition分配equipartitiontheorem（能）均分定理classicalstatisticalmechanics經(jīng)典統(tǒng)計(jì)力學(xué)degreeoffreedom自由度monatomic單原子的bond鍵diatomic雙原子的polyatomic多原子的vibration振動(dòng)meanfreepath平均自由程aircurrent氣流convection對流diffuse擴(kuò)散reciprocal倒數(shù)frequency頻率

§16.6MaxwellSpeedDistributionFunction（麥克斯韋速率分布函數(shù)）probability概率abscissa橫坐標(biāo)normalizationcondition歸一化條件mostprobabledistribution最概然分布Chapter17HeatandtheFirstLawofThermodynamics（熱及熱力學(xué)第一定律）§17.1HeatCapacityandSpecificHeat（熱容與比熱）atomist原子學(xué)家thermalenergy熱能manifestation表現(xiàn)形式molecularmotion分子運(yùn)動(dòng)thermalcontact熱接觸calorica.熱的n.熱（質(zhì)）internalenergy內(nèi)能heatcapacity熱容量phase相heatconduction熱傳導(dǎo)calorie卡（路里）molarmass摩爾質(zhì)量Lawofconservationofenergy能量守恒定律Thefirstlawofthermodynamics熱力學(xué)第一定律beproportionalto和…成正比molarspecificheat摩爾比熱solarheatingsystem太陽能熱系統(tǒng)coolant冷卻液§17.2ChangeofPhaseandLatentHeat（相變與潛熱）heatcapacity熱容量phasechange相變vaporization汽化，蒸發(fā)fusion熔化melting融化condensation凝聚sublimation升華carbondioxide二氧化碳crystallinea.結(jié)晶的、晶狀的n.結(jié)晶體

averagetranslationalkineticenergy平均平動(dòng)動(dòng)能latentheat潛熱§17.3Joule’sExperiment（焦耳實(shí)驗(yàn)）thermallyinsulated絕熱的mechanicalequivalenceofheat熱功當(dāng)量§17.4TheInternalEnergyofanIdealGas（理想氣體內(nèi)能）internalenergy內(nèi)能realgas實(shí)際氣體§17.5WorkandthePVDiagramforaGas（功與氣體PV圖）quasi-staticprocess準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)過程piston活塞isobaric等壓的isothermal等溫的§17.6TheFirstLawofThermodynamics（熱力學(xué)第一定律）§17.7HeatCapacitiesofGases（氣體的熱容）infinitesimal無窮小的§17.8TheQuasi-StaticAdiabaticProcessforanIdealGas（理想氣體準(zhǔn)靜態(tài)絕熱過程）compression壓縮Poissonformula泊松公式processequations過程方程§17.9KindsofThermodynamicProcesses（熱力學(xué)過程的種類）Chapter18TheSecondLawofThermodynamics（熱力學(xué)第二定律）§18.1HeatEnginesandtheSecondLawofThermodynamics（熱機(jī)與熱力學(xué)第二定律）secondlawofthermodynamics熱力學(xué)第二定律Kelvinstatement開爾文表述Clausiusstatement克勞修斯表述heatengine熱機(jī)workingsubstance工質(zhì)steamengine蒸汽機(jī)internal-combustionengine內(nèi)燃機(jī)heatreservoir熱庫vaporize汽化condenser冷凝器exhaustvalve排氣閥

combustionchamber燃燒室intakestroke進(jìn)氣沖程ignite點(diǎn)燃sparkplug火花塞powerstroke做功沖程Ottocycle奧拓循環(huán)efficiencyofaheatengine熱機(jī)的效率§18.2RefrigeratorsandtheSecondLawofThermodynamics（制冷機(jī)與熱力學(xué)第二定律）§18.3EquivalenceoftheHeat-EngineandRefrigeratorStatements（開爾文表述與克勞修斯表述的等價(jià)性）§18.4TheCarnotEngineandCarnotCycle（卡諾熱機(jī)與卡諾循環(huán)）refrigerationcycle制冷循環(huán)efficiencyofpositivecycle正循環(huán)的效率Carnotcycle卡諾循環(huán)Carnotengine卡諾熱機(jī)expansion膨脹compression壓縮schematicdiagram原理圖、示意圖friction摩擦reversible可逆的Carnotefficiency卡諾效率irreversible不可逆的dissipativeforce耗散力nonequilibriumstate非平衡態(tài)viscousforce粘滯力§18.5DegradationofEnergy（能量的損失）§18.6IrreversibilityandDisorder（不可逆性與無序性）microscopicstate微觀狀態(tài)macroscopicstate宏觀狀態(tài)disorder無序性randommotion無規(guī)則運(yùn)動(dòng)§18.7Entropy（熵）Boltzmannentropy玻耳茲曼熵principleofentropyincrease熵增加原理additivityofentropy熵的可加性statisticalmeaning統(tǒng)計(jì)意義reversibleprocess可逆過程infinitesimal無窮小的functionofstate狀態(tài)函數(shù)§18.8EntropyandProbability（熵與概率）microscopicstate微觀態(tài)macroscopicstate宏觀態(tài)spontaneously自發(fā)地evacuated真空的

Chapter19OscillatoryMotion（振動(dòng)）§19.1DescriptionofSimpleHarmonicMotion（簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的描述）oscillation/vibration振動(dòng)oscillatorymotion振動(dòng)simpleharmonicmotion(SHM)簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)Spring彈簧equilibriumposition平衡位置period周期frequency頻率hertz(Hz)赫茲reciprocal倒數(shù)amplitude振幅phase相、位相、周相phaseangle/(phaseconstant)初相、初位相integertimes整數(shù)倍avarietyof很多displacement位移velocity速度acceleration加速度substitute替換（代）disturb擾動(dòng)trigonometric三角法的，據(jù)三角法的kinematics運(yùn)動(dòng)學(xué)compensate補(bǔ)償§19.2PhasorandPhase（旋轉(zhuǎn)矢量與振動(dòng)的相）circularmotion圓周運(yùn)動(dòng)initialposition初始位置angulardisplacement角位移angularspeed角速度inphase同相antiphase/180°outofphase反相component分量projection投影§19.3DynamicEquationforSimpleHarmonicMotion（簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)力學(xué)方程）forceconstantofaspring倔強(qiáng)系數(shù)restoringforce恢復(fù)力harmonicoscillator諧振子inphase同相derivative/differentiate微商，導(dǎo)數(shù)substitute替換、替代damping減幅，衰減sustain維持compensate補(bǔ)償，修正stiffness堅(jiān)硬，硬度pitch定調(diào)

negative/minus負(fù)，減dynamics動(dòng)力學(xué)§19.4ExamplesofSimpleHarmonicMotion（簡諧運(yùn)動(dòng)的實(shí)例）simplependulum單擺physicalpendulum物理擺/復(fù)擺pendulumbob擺錘pivot轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)的軸moment