銜接點(diǎn)01 名詞、冠詞（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）（解析版）-2024-2025初升高銜接資料（新高一暑假學(xué)習(xí)提升）

銜接點(diǎn)01名詞、冠詞（初高考點(diǎn)差異及銜接）名詞初中要求主要集中在名詞的可數(shù)和不可數(shù)，以及名詞構(gòu)詞法，同時(shí)還學(xué)習(xí)了名詞所有格的用法。高中要求高中階段，在名詞方面，還會(huì)加強(qiáng)對(duì)單復(fù)數(shù)、所有格的考查，所學(xué)內(nèi)容更深；同時(shí)，更注重名詞在語(yǔ)境中所表達(dá)的含義。題型多為單項(xiàng)填空和語(yǔ)法填空題，個(gè)別地區(qū)的短文改錯(cuò)題和完形填空題也會(huì)對(duì)名詞進(jìn)行考查?！境踔忻~考點(diǎn)聚焦】考點(diǎn)1.名詞詞義辨析1.—WhatplacesofinterestarethereinYangzhou?—IrecommendtheSlenderWestLake.Aboattourisawonderful!

A.movement B.attraction C.experience D.research答案C考查名詞。movement移動(dòng);attraction吸引;experience經(jīng)驗(yàn)，經(jīng)歷，體驗(yàn);research研究。Aboattour(乘船游覽)是一次經(jīng)歷，故選C。考點(diǎn)2.名詞的數(shù)和格2.Weofferedtolookafterour(鄰居的)dogwhenshewasaway.

答案neighbour’s/neighbor’s考查名詞所有格。根據(jù)空后單數(shù)名詞dog可知此處缺限定詞，結(jié)合后文的she可知此處用名詞單數(shù)的所有格形式，結(jié)合漢語(yǔ)提示可知，空處填neighbour’s/neighbor’s。3.Someofmy(英雄)arerealpeople，andsomearefromstories.

答案heroes考查名詞的數(shù)。根據(jù)Some和are可知，此空為名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，注意hero變復(fù)數(shù)需加?es，故填heroes。考點(diǎn)3.名詞的構(gòu)詞法4.Foryourown(safe)，youshouldn’tclimbmountainsalone.

答案safety句意:為了你自己的安全，你不應(yīng)該獨(dú)自一人爬山。own是形容詞，修飾名詞，形容詞safe的名詞為safety，意為“安全”。故填safety。5.Everyone’ssmallactsof(kind)canmakeabigdifferencetotheworld.

答案kindness句意:每個(gè)人的小小善舉都能給世界帶來(lái)巨大的改變。根據(jù)“smallactsof”可知，此處指小小善舉，填名詞。kind的名詞形式是kindness“善良”，為不可數(shù)名詞，故填kindness?！靖咧忻~考點(diǎn)聚焦】考綱解讀名詞除了考查其詞義辨析外,還常結(jié)合其他項(xiàng)目一起考查,題型以語(yǔ)法填空、短文改錯(cuò)、完形填空等形式出現(xiàn),考查要點(diǎn)主要包括:1.考查名詞詞義辨析和習(xí)慣搭配。2.考查名詞的數(shù)(可數(shù)與不可數(shù)、單數(shù)與復(fù)數(shù))、名詞的所有格、抽象名詞的具體化、物質(zhì)名詞的量化、名詞和冠詞的搭配以及主謂一致等。3.考查名詞的“舊詞新意”和“名詞動(dòng)化”現(xiàn)象,這種現(xiàn)象主要以隱形考查的方式出現(xiàn)在閱讀理解和完形填空試題中?？键c(diǎn)清單考點(diǎn)一、名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的用法可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的場(chǎng)合可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)一般情況下在詞尾直接加-smouth→mouths,house→houses以-s,-x,-ch,-sh結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾加-esglass→glasses,match→matches以輔音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞變y為i再加-escountry→countries,factory→factories以元音字母+-y結(jié)尾的名詞在詞尾直接加-sholiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys以o結(jié)尾的名詞一般在詞尾加-spiano→pianos,photo→photos有些在詞尾加-eshero→heroes,potato→potatoes以-f,-fe結(jié)尾的名詞一般要變f或fe為v加-esself→selves,wolf→wolves少數(shù)直接加-sroof→roofs,belief→beliefs單復(fù)數(shù)同形deer,sheep,Chinese,means(方式,方法),series,species詞形變化man→men,woman→women,child→children,tooth→teeth,foot→feet,mouse→mice合成名詞的復(fù)數(shù)將主體名詞變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù):passer-by→passers-by,looker-on→lookers-on無(wú)主體名詞時(shí)通常在最后一個(gè)詞后加-s:grown-up→grown-ups,stand-by→stand-bys名詞前有man/woman修飾man/woman和中心詞都要變?yōu)閺?fù)數(shù)形式。如:womandoctor→womendoctors,manteacher→menteachers。請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.Two_________(month)ago,three_________(hero)caughtfour_________(thief).Theymadethemplantsome_________(potato)and_________(tomato)intwo_________(zoo).Theyalsomadetheir________(wife)returnthefourbig_________(box)withsomeprecious_________(photo)and_________(brush)inthem.2.On__________(teacher)Day,two_________(editor-in-chief),three________________(manteacher)andfive_________(womandoctor),togetherwiththeir_________(child),wenttothefarminthecountryside.Theretheywereluckytoseetwo_________(sheep),three_________(deer),four_________(ox),five_________(goose)andsixwhite_________(mouse)withthree_________(foot)andsix_________(tooth).【答案】1.months,heroes,thieves,potatoes,tomatoes,zoos;wives;boxes,photos,brushes2.Teachers’,editors-in-chief,menteachers,womendoctors,children;sheep,deer,oxen,geese,mice,feet,teeth考點(diǎn)二、抽象名詞具體化用法①具有某種特性、狀態(tài)、情感的抽象名詞在表示具體的概念時(shí)，可以與不定冠詞連用，?？嫉挠校?jiǎn)卧~抽象名詞意義具體化名詞意義success成功成功的人或事pleasure樂(lè)趣令人高興的事beauty美；美麗美麗的人或事物comfort安慰；慰藉令人感到安慰的人或事物danger危險(xiǎn)危險(xiǎn)的人或因素delight高興令人高興的事failure失敗失敗的人或事物surprise驚奇令人驚奇的事情shock震驚令人震驚的事情pride驕傲令人驕傲的事情在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~。1.--Howabout________Christmaseveningparty?---Ishouldsayitwas______success.2.---Iamsosorrytohavecomelateforthemeeting.---Itisnotyourfault.Withrush-hourtrafficandheavyrain,itisnowonderyouwerelate.3.Myneighboraskedmetogofor______walk,butIdon’tthinkI’vegot______energy.4.Hemissedgoldinthehighjump,butwillgetsecondchanceinthelongjump.5.Beingabletoafford_______drinkwouldbe______comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the;a2.the,the3.a;the4.the;a5.a,a考點(diǎn)三、名詞所有格的用法名詞所有格主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有關(guān)系。(1)一般是名詞詞尾加-'s。如:John'shome約翰的家;(2)以-s或-es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,只在詞尾加-'。如:students'textbooks學(xué)生們的課本;(3)詞尾不帶-(e)s的復(fù)數(shù)名詞,仍加-'s。如:children'sgame孩子們的游戲。表示無(wú)生命的事物的名詞通常用of所有格表示所有關(guān)系;名詞短語(yǔ)或有定語(yǔ)修飾的有生命的名詞也常用of所有格。如:thetitleofthearticle文章的標(biāo)題;thenameofthegirloverthere那邊那位女孩的名字。雙重所有格的構(gòu)成為:“名詞+of+-'s所有格”或“名詞+of+名詞性物主代詞”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名詞前可用a,any,some,afew,two,this,that,these,those等修飾,但不能用the。如:apictureofmymother's我母親(擁有)的一張照片;thislittlecatofyoursister's你妹妹的這只小貓。1.Hesavedmy_________(son)life,"saidMrs.Brown.2.Itiscalculatedbydividinga_____________(person)weightinkgbytheirheightinmeterssquared,andaBMIofbetween19and25isconsideredhealthy.3.---

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The

____________(Palmer).4.The____________(girl)shoeswerecoveredwithmud,soIaskedthemtotakethemoffbeforetheygotinto____________(Tom)car.5.Owningalovable,cuddlypetcanunquestionablymakeone’shomelifebetterandapparently,itcanaffectpet_____________(owner)professionallivesaswell.【答案】1.son’s2.person’s3.Palmer’s4.girls’,Tom’s5.owners’考點(diǎn)四、動(dòng)詞/形容詞變?yōu)槊~后綴要點(diǎn)精講1：動(dòng)詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ion/－tion/－sion/correct→correction改正celebrate→celebration慶祝conclude→conclusion結(jié)論；結(jié)束discuss→discussion討論；論述decide→decision決定admit→admission承認(rèn)；準(zhǔn)許加入permit→permission允許，許可invite→invitation邀請(qǐng)explain→explanation解釋expect→expectation期望－er/－orsail→sailor海員，水手drive→driver司機(jī)；駕駛員gather→gatherer收集者，采集者teach→teacher老師announce→announcer廣播員conduct→conductor指揮；售票員－mentpunish→punishment懲罰achieve→achievement成就argue→argument辯論；論據(jù)treat→treatment對(duì)待；治療equip→equipment裝備；設(shè)備govern→government政府a(chǎn)stonish→astonishment驚奇－ance/－enceappear→appearance出現(xiàn)；外貌guide→guidance指引；指導(dǎo)perform→performance表演；表現(xiàn)exist→existence存在；生存prefer→preference偏愛(ài)refer→reference參考，查閱－ure/-turefail→failure失敗；倒閉press→pressure壓力depart→departure離開(kāi)；出發(fā)mix→mixture混合(物)－inghear→hearing聽(tīng)力，聽(tīng)覺(jué)begin→beginning開(kāi)始build→building建筑warn→warning警告－yrecover→recovery恢復(fù)discover→discovery發(fā)現(xiàn)要點(diǎn)精講2：形容詞轉(zhuǎn)化為名詞的后綴后綴例詞－ageshort→shortage短缺percent→percentage百分比－cyefficient→efficiency效率fluent→fluency流利accurate→accuracy準(zhǔn)確性private→privacy隱私－domfree→freedom自由wise→wisdom明智；智慧－encedifferent→difference差異evident→evidence證據(jù)－nessweak→weakness虛弱；弱點(diǎn)thick→thickness厚度kind→kindness仁慈，友好careless→carelessness粗心大意－thstrong→strength力氣；優(yōu)勢(shì)warm→warmth溫暖；熱情－y/－ty/－itysafe→safety安全disable→disability缺陷；傷殘responsible→responsibility責(zé)任honest→honesty誠(chéng)實(shí)difficult→difficulty困難請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.SinceJune2017,rightbeforethe(arrive)ofthetwonewpandas,MengMengandJiaoQing,IhavebeenhelpingthepandakeepersatthezootofeelmorecomfortableandconfidentspeakingEnglish.2.Thethemesoftraditionalfablesoftendealwithsimpletruthsabouteverydaylife.However,Cason’sthemeisamoreweighty(warn)aboutenvironmentaldestruction.3.CaoandWualsocollectedgarbagealongtheroad,inordertopromoteenvironmental___________(protect).4.“AsamainpromoteroftheInternationalTeaDay,thebirthplaceofteaandthelargesttea-producingcountry,Chinahasa___________(responsible)toworkwithothercountriestopromotethehealthydevelopmentoftheteaindustry.5.Acompany________(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingoverfromplastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.【答案】1.arrival。句意：從2017年6月開(kāi)始，就在兩只新大熊貓“萌萌”和“嬌青”到來(lái)之前，我一直在幫助動(dòng)物園的熊貓飼養(yǎng)員更舒服、更自信地說(shuō)英語(yǔ)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，空前是冠詞，空后是介詞，所以空處應(yīng)填名詞作介詞before的賓語(yǔ)，arrive的名詞形式是arrival，不可數(shù)名詞。故填arrival。2.warning。句意：然而，卡森的主題是對(duì)環(huán)境破壞的更嚴(yán)重警告。形容詞weighty后接名詞形式。根據(jù)句中不定冠詞a可知，用可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填tection。句意：曹和吳還沿路收集垃圾，以促進(jìn)環(huán)境保護(hù)。根據(jù)句意和空前的形容詞environmental可知，此處應(yīng)用名詞protection，作賓語(yǔ)，protection表示“保護(hù)”時(shí)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填protection。24.responsibility。句意：中國(guó)是茶的發(fā)源地和最大產(chǎn)茶國(guó)，作為國(guó)際茶日的主要推動(dòng)者，中國(guó)有責(zé)任與其他國(guó)家共同促進(jìn)茶產(chǎn)業(yè)的健康發(fā)展。不定冠詞a后接可數(shù)名詞的單數(shù)形式。故填responsibility。5.representative。句意：一位公司代表回信告訴我，該航空公司將把每天1200個(gè)航班的塑料杯換成紙杯。該空作句子主語(yǔ)，用名詞，前面有不定冠詞修飾，用名詞單數(shù)，所以填representative?？键c(diǎn)五、名詞分類(lèi)及句法功能請(qǐng)用下列單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.“Ihadtowaitforthestafftowritedownmyinformation,whichcausedmuchmore________(convenience)thanscanningcodes.”2..Ihavetomakea__________(complain)aboutthepoorqualityoffoodandserviceinyourrestaurant.3.Theoldmanwhohadacaraccidentlastweekmadeafull_________(recover)fromtheoperationinhospital.4.Evenathirty-minuterunwillprovide________(relieve)fromachesortension.5.Shewasunabletogivethepolicea__________(describe)oftheattackerbecauseshehadnomemoryofwhathadhappenedtoher.【答案】1.inconvenience?？疾槊~。句意：“我必須等待工作人員寫(xiě)下我的信息，這比掃描代碼造成了更多的不便?！贝颂幈硎尽安槐恪?，需用inconvenience作賓語(yǔ)。故填plaint。所給詞complain是動(dòng)詞，設(shè)空前有不定冠詞a修飾，應(yīng)用名詞complaint作動(dòng)詞make的賓語(yǔ)，makeacomplaintabout"就……提出投訴"。故填complaint。3.recovery?？疾槊~，句意：那位上周出了車(chē)禍的老人在醫(yī)院手術(shù)后完全康復(fù)了。作賓語(yǔ)應(yīng)用名詞recovery，不定冠詞提示用單數(shù)，故填recovery。4.relief。考查名詞。句意：即使是30分鐘的跑步也能緩解疼痛和緊張。根據(jù)句意及英文提示可知，所填空應(yīng)用名詞作賓語(yǔ)，"relieve"，動(dòng)詞，意為"減輕；緩和"，其名詞形式為"relief"，不可數(shù)，故填relief。5.description。考查名詞。句意：她無(wú)法向警方描述襲擊者的模樣，因?yàn)樗挥浀米约荷砩习l(fā)生了什么事。根據(jù)句意和空前的冠詞a可知，空處填名詞，“描述”的名詞為description.。故填description。一.單句語(yǔ)法填空（用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子）1.Withthe(develop)ofmodernsocietyandthespreadofnewideas,sometraditionsmayfadeandothersmaybeestablished.2.Abridgeisbeingbuiltinthe(distant)anditsconstructionwillbefinishedinayear.3.Manypeopleuseanonsensenamefortheirnet(identify)toprotecttheirprivateinformation.4.Wehavesubmittedourpersonalinformationandarewaitingfor(confirm)now.5.Asdigitaltechnologyspreadswidely,theriskofdigitaltechnologycancauseproblemsandcangobeyondpersonal(private).6.Thefinderofawalletwhotakesithomemaybeguiltyof.(thief)7.Shekickedatthedoorwithherfoot,andthe(press)wasenoughtoopenit.8.Studentslearnedthepractical(apply)ofthetheorytheyhadlearnedintheclassroom.9.Robert’s(collect)ofprintsandpaintingshasbeenboughtovertheyears.10.Hearingtheinterestingstory,allthepeoplepresentburstinto(laugh).11.Accordingtoarecentsurvey,someTVprogramsshouldtakeresponsibilityforteenagers’negative(behave).12.Toourdisappointment,onlya(minor)ofpeopleisinsupportofourplantobuildanewbridge.13.Unionleadersandcompanybosseswillmeettomorrowinanattempttoreacha_________(settle).14.Confuciusisoneofthegreatest(philosophy)inhumanhistory.15.Thelawsledto(confuse),bloodandthousandsofdeaths.16.Wewouldliketothankthemfortheirpatienceand(understand).17.Shehadneverbeengreatlyconcernedabouther(appear).18.Weshouldsupposehe’shonestbeforehearingthe(evident)againsthim.19.Determiningwhereweareinrelationtoour(surround)remainsanessentialskillforoursurvival.20.Thecrowdintheroomseemedfullofcuriosity.Theyexpressedtheir_________(eager)tohearmesing.1.development【解析】考查名詞。句意：隨著現(xiàn)代社會(huì)的發(fā)展和新思想的傳播，一些傳統(tǒng)可能會(huì)消失，而另一些可能會(huì)建立。分析句子可知，該句第一空由空前定冠詞the可知，應(yīng)為名詞形式。故填development。2.distance【解析】考查名詞。句意：遠(yuǎn)處正在修建一座橋，將在一年內(nèi)完工。此處為短語(yǔ)inthedistance表示“在遠(yuǎn)處”，故填distance。3.identity【解析】考查名詞。句意：為了保護(hù)個(gè)人隱私，很多人給自己的網(wǎng)絡(luò)身份取了一個(gè)毫無(wú)意義的名字。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作賓語(yǔ)，identify的名詞為identity意為“身份”符合句意，結(jié)合句意可知，一個(gè)無(wú)意義的名詞對(duì)應(yīng)的是一個(gè)身份，所以此處為名詞單數(shù)。故填identity。4.confirmation【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們已經(jīng)提交了個(gè)人信息，正在等待確認(rèn)。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處位于介詞之后，因此需要填入名詞形式。confirm的名詞形式為confirmation表示“確認(rèn)”。故填confirmation。5.privacy【解析】考查名詞。句意：隨著數(shù)字技術(shù)的廣泛傳播，數(shù)字技術(shù)帶來(lái)的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)可能會(huì)引發(fā)問(wèn)題，并超越個(gè)人隱私。名詞privacy意為“隱私”，beyond為介詞，后接名詞privacy作賓語(yǔ)，privacy是不可數(shù)名詞。故填privacy。6.theft【解析】考查名詞。句意：撿到錢(qián)包的人把錢(qián)包帶回家可能犯了盜竊罪。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處為名詞作賓語(yǔ)，結(jié)合句意，此處應(yīng)表示“盜竊”對(duì)應(yīng)的名詞為theft，且表示抽象概念，為不可數(shù)名詞。故填theft。7.pressure【解析】考查名詞。句意：她用腳踢門(mén)，施加的壓力足以打開(kāi)門(mén)。分析句子和提示詞可知空格填名詞形式pressure“壓力”用在并列句中做主語(yǔ)，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填pressure。8.application【解析】考查名詞。句意：學(xué)生們學(xué)會(huì)了課堂上學(xué)到的理論的實(shí)際應(yīng)用。practical為形容詞，作定語(yǔ)修飾名詞，結(jié)合句意“應(yīng)用”可知，應(yīng)填名詞application，此處表抽象概念，不可數(shù)。故填application。9.collection【解析】考查名詞。句意：這些年來(lái)，羅伯特的版畫(huà)和繪畫(huà)收藏品都被買(mǎi)走了。根據(jù)前面名詞所有格Robert’s，可知，應(yīng)填名詞collection，collection為不可數(shù)名詞，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)。故填collection。10.laughter【解析】考查名詞。句意：聽(tīng)到這個(gè)有趣的故事，在場(chǎng)的人都大笑起來(lái)。分析句子可知，此處是固定短語(yǔ)burstintolaughter，意為“突然大笑”。故填laughter。11.behaviour【解析】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)調(diào)查顯示，有些電視節(jié)目應(yīng)該為青少年的消極行為負(fù)責(zé)任。根據(jù)空格前形容詞negative后填名詞behaviour做介詞for的賓語(yǔ)。故填behaviour。12.minority【解析】考查名詞。句意：使我們失望的是，只有少數(shù)人支持我們的計(jì)劃。分析句子可知，名詞minority符合題意，此處是固定短語(yǔ)aminorityof，表示“少數(shù)”。故填minority。13.settlement【解析】考查名詞。句意：工會(huì)領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人和公司老板明天將開(kāi)會(huì)，試圖達(dá)成一個(gè)解決方法。在不定冠詞a后應(yīng)該是單數(shù)名詞，名詞settlement，意思為“解決，處理”。故填settlement。14.philosophers【解析】考查名詞。句意：孔子是人類(lèi)歷史上最偉大的哲學(xué)家之一。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)并結(jié)合上下文，空白處應(yīng)填表示人的名詞，又因oneof+復(fù)數(shù)名詞為固定結(jié)構(gòu)，含義為：……其中之一，故填philosophers。15.confusion【解析】考查名詞。句意：這些法律導(dǎo)致了混亂、流血和數(shù)千人死亡。分析句式結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此處to是介詞，且下文的blood和deaths都是名詞，作賓語(yǔ)，所以空格處應(yīng)該用提示詞的名詞形式作賓語(yǔ)，故填confusion。16.understanding【解析】考查名詞。句意：我們要感謝他們的耐心和理解。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)，根據(jù)空白處前面的并列連詞and以及形容詞性物主代詞their可知空白處應(yīng)填名詞做介詞的賓語(yǔ)，故填understanding。17.appearance【解析】考查名詞。句意：她從來(lái)不太在意自己的外表。分析句子，該空需要一個(gè)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。所給詞appear為動(dòng)詞，其名詞形式appearance意為“外表，外觀”，符合句意。故填appearance。18.evidence【解析】考查名詞。句意：在聽(tīng)取對(duì)他不利的證據(jù)之前，我們應(yīng)該假設(shè)他是誠(chéng)實(shí)的?？仗幱糜诙ü谠~the之后，應(yīng)用名詞evidence，表示“證據(jù)”，作動(dòng)詞hearing的賓語(yǔ)。故填evidence。19.surroundings【解析】考查名詞。句意：根據(jù)我們周?chē)沫h(huán)境來(lái)確定自己身在何處，這是我們生存的一項(xiàng)必不可少的技能。分析句子可知，設(shè)空處為介詞to的賓語(yǔ)，并且前面有形容詞性物主代詞our修飾，應(yīng)用名詞surrounding，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式，故填surroundings。20.eagerness【解析】考查名詞。句意：房間里的人群似乎充滿了好奇。他們表示很想聽(tīng)我唱歌。their后跟名詞，eager的名詞是eagerness，意為“渴望”，是不可數(shù)名詞。故填eagerness。二．語(yǔ)篇填空（名詞專(zhuān)練）Many

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Africa.disabilities2.consultant3.impression4.instability5.prevention6.criteria7.application8.choice9.importance10.difference考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。此空提示詞是形容詞，用在介詞之后，應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填disabilities。2.考查名詞。句意：今年夏天，中國(guó)志愿者劉飛將在一個(gè)非洲國(guó)家擔(dān)任艾滋病項(xiàng)目的管理顧問(wèn)?？涨坝胁欢ü谠~，應(yīng)用單數(shù)名詞形式。故填consultant。3.考查名詞。此空指劉飛對(duì)這個(gè)國(guó)家的印象，應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填impression。4.考查名詞。和后面的名詞violence一起，做介詞from的賓語(yǔ)。故填instability。5.考查名詞。句意：劉飛和當(dāng)?shù)匾粋€(gè)組織一起，致力于愛(ài)滋病的預(yù)防。此空用在介詞in后，應(yīng)用名詞形式。故填prevention。6.考查名詞復(fù)數(shù)。名詞criterion的復(fù)數(shù)形式是一個(gè)特殊變化，這樣的詞不多。類(lèi)似的名詞有：medium--media;phenomenon--phenomena。故填criteria。7.考查名詞。句意：雖然他滿足志愿者申請(qǐng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，剛開(kāi)始他家人對(duì)他的選擇是反對(duì)的。這里指他的申請(qǐng)，應(yīng)用名詞。故填application。8.考查名詞。句意見(jiàn)第7題。用在介詞之后，應(yīng)該是名詞。故填choice。9.考查名詞。此空前有定冠詞，后有介詞，應(yīng)該用名詞形式。故填importance。10.考查名詞。make

adifference是一個(gè)固定搭配，意為“有意義、說(shuō)得通”。故填difference。冠詞初中要求學(xué)習(xí)了a用于以輔音開(kāi)頭的名詞或其修飾語(yǔ)前，an用于以元音開(kāi)頭的名詞或其修飾語(yǔ)前，the表示語(yǔ)境中雙方都知道或特指的用法，還學(xué)習(xí)不用冠詞的一些情況高中要求高中階段，對(duì)于冠詞的考查主要體現(xiàn)在特殊性、具體語(yǔ)境方面。因此僅僅掌握初中階段的規(guī)律知識(shí)是不夠的，還需要繼續(xù)強(qiáng)化相關(guān)知識(shí)點(diǎn)，學(xué)會(huì)在具體語(yǔ)境下掌握冠詞的用法?！境踔泄谠~考點(diǎn)聚焦】考點(diǎn)1.不定冠詞1.Chinaiscountrywithahistoryofmorethan5，000years.

A.the B.a C.an D./答案B考查不定冠詞。country為可數(shù)名詞，根據(jù)語(yǔ)境可知此處表泛指，用不定冠詞。country以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用不定冠詞a。故選B。2.TravellingtoYancheng，beautifulseasidecity，isafantasticexperience.

A.a B.an C.the D./答案A考查不定冠詞。此處泛指一個(gè)美麗的海濱城市，beautiful以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，所以填a。故選A。考點(diǎn)二.定冠詞3.—Bettybegantoplayviolinattheageoffour.

—Nowondersheplayssowell.A.a B.an C.the D./答案C考查定冠詞。violin是樂(lè)器。表示彈奏樂(lè)器時(shí)，用定冠詞the。故選C。3.AutumnisbestseasontovisittheGreatWallinChina.

A./ B.a C.an D.the答案D考查定冠詞。此處用在形容詞最高級(jí)best前，所以用定冠詞the。故選D。考點(diǎn)三.零冠詞4.Myfamilyhavebreakfasttogethereveryday.Thishelpsusstartadaywell.

A.不填B.a C.an D.the答案A考查零冠詞。一日三餐前通常不加冠詞，故選A。5.Yangzhouiscityfullofhistory，cultureandmouthwateringfood.

A.the;a B.a;a C.the;the D.a;/答案D考查冠詞。第一個(gè)空處表泛指，用不定冠詞，city以輔音音素開(kāi)頭，用不定冠詞a;第二個(gè)空后面的名詞history、culture和food在本句中都是不可數(shù)名詞，不用冠詞，故選D?！靖咧忻~考點(diǎn)聚焦】考綱解讀冠詞幾乎每年都有考查,考查點(diǎn)主要包括:1.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的基本用法。2.考查定冠詞和不定冠詞的特殊用法。抽象名詞具體化前冠詞的使用情況、比較級(jí)前冠詞的使用情況。3.考查冠詞的泛指、特指、類(lèi)指和專(zhuān)指用法。4.考查零冠詞的運(yùn)用。另外,還涉及很多冠詞與名詞的固定搭配?？键c(diǎn)清單一、使用不定冠詞a(n)的十大場(chǎng)合要點(diǎn)精講1：典型場(chǎng)合典型示例a用在輔音開(kāi)頭的單詞前，an用在以元音開(kāi)頭單詞前【不見(jiàn)元音不加an，不看字母看發(fā)音】anhonestboy一個(gè)誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩anumbrella一把傘 auniversity一所大學(xué)aEuropeancountry一個(gè)歐洲國(guó)家anunusualstory一個(gè)不同尋常的故事anunhappyboy一個(gè)不高興的男孩第一次提到的某人或某物之前Thepandaisanendangeredanimal.熊貓是一種瀕危動(dòng)物。泛指人或事物的某一類(lèi)別Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.飛機(jī)是一種能飛的機(jī)器。用在表示數(shù)量、長(zhǎng)度、時(shí)間等的名詞前，表示“每一”Thecarmoves100milesanhour.這輛小汽車(chē)以每小時(shí)100英里的速度行駛Romewasnotbuiltinaday.羅馬非一日建成。/冰凍三尺，非一日之寒。不定冠詞a/an用于抽象名詞前，表示具體的人或事物Thepartywasagreatsuccess.晚會(huì)開(kāi)得很成功。It’sapleasuretoworkwithyou.與你一起工作是件樂(lè)事。用于專(zhuān)有名詞前，表示“某一個(gè)”IwanttobeaBillGates.我想成為比爾·蓋茨式的人物。用于序數(shù)詞之前,表示重復(fù)SoonIsawasecondplane.不久我又看到了另一架飛機(jī)。用于最高級(jí)前意為“非?！盩hisisamostinterestingstory.這是一個(gè)極為動(dòng)人的故事。用于物質(zhì)名詞的數(shù)量化I’dlikeateaandtwocoffees.請(qǐng)給我一杯茶和兩杯咖啡。與have，take，make等連用Takealookatthesefigures!看一下這些數(shù)字吧！結(jié)合語(yǔ)境用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空。1.—Couldyoutellmethewayto_______Johnsonsplease?—Sorry,wedon'thave______Johnsonhereinthevillage.2.Ofallthesubjects,Ilikehistorybestbecauseitgivesus_______usefulknowledgeofthingsinthepast.3.Thereare_______numberofbooksinthelibraryand_______numberofthemisincreasing.4.What________pitythatyoucouldn'tbetheretoreceive________prize!5.TheWilsonslivein______A-shapedhousenearthecoast.Itis______17thcenturycottage.6.—Howabout_______Christmaseveningparty?—Ishouldsayitwas_______success.7.______applefellfromthetreeandhithimon______head.8.Firstimpressionsarethemostlasting.Afterall，youneverget______secondchancetomake_______firstimpression.9.Theheavyrainlasted3hoursonendandcameto______endwhentheclasswasover.10.Beingabletoafford________drinkwouldbe________comfortinthosetoughtimes.【答案】1.the,a2.a3.a,the4.a,the5.an,a6.the,a7.An,the8.a,a9.an10.a,a二、使用定冠詞the的十四個(gè)場(chǎng)合典型場(chǎng)合典型示例表示雙方都知道的人或物Wouldyoumindturningdowntheradioalittle?請(qǐng)把收音機(jī)音量調(diào)小點(diǎn)好嗎？表示特指的或上文已提到過(guò)的人或事物。Doyouknowthegirlinred?你認(rèn)識(shí)那個(gè)穿紅衣服的女孩么？Thebookonthetableismine.桌子上的那本書(shū)是我的。表示世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物，如日月星辰地球等Asisknowntous,theearthmovesaroundthesun.眾所周知，地球圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。Thesuncandamageyourskin.陽(yáng)光能損傷皮膚。用在序數(shù)詞前Heisthefirstpersonwhoknowsthesecret.他是第一個(gè)知道這個(gè)秘密的人。用在形容詞最高級(jí)前ShanghaiisoneofthebiggestcitiesinChina.上海市中國(guó)最大的城市之一。用于樂(lè)器的名稱之前Shecanplaythepianoquitebeautifully.她可以彈一手好鋼琴。用在姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)名詞前表示一家人或夫妻倆TheSmithslivedintheapartmentaboveours.史密斯夫婦住在我們樓上的公寓里。TheGreenswillmovetothecountry.格林一家要搬到鄉(xiāng)下去。與形容詞連用表示一類(lèi)人Theinjuredweretakentothenearesthospital.受傷的人被送到了最近的醫(yī)院。用在世紀(jì)、年代、時(shí)期或朝代的名詞前Thewarbrokeoutinthe1980s.戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)爆發(fā)于20世紀(jì)80年代。Hemovedtothesouthinhisfifties.他五十幾歲時(shí)搬到了南方。用在由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前theUnitedStatesofAmerica美國(guó)thePeople’sRepublicofChina中國(guó)theCommunistPartyofChina中國(guó)共產(chǎn)黨theUnitedNations聯(lián)合國(guó)江、河、湖、海、海峽、山脈、運(yùn)河、島嶼等名詞前theYellowRiver黃河thePacificOcean太平洋theAlps阿爾卑斯山theGrandCanal大運(yùn)河用于接觸身體部位結(jié)構(gòu)Shepattedhimontheshoulder.她碰了他的肩。用于發(fā)明物的單數(shù)名詞前Whoinventedthetelephone？電話是誰(shuí)發(fā)明的？用在表示方位名詞之前JilinisinthenorthofChina.吉林位于中國(guó)的北部。結(jié)合語(yǔ)境用適當(dāng)?shù)墓谠~填空。1.Idon’tknowwhoinvented________robot,butit’sreally________mostwonderfulinvention.2.It’sashamethatmanytouristsarestillin________habitofwritingsillythingsinpublicplaces.3.Thisstyleoffarminglastedforquitealongtime.Then,with________riseofscience,changesbegan.4.Asisknowntoall,______People’sRepublicofChinaisbiggestdevelopingcountryintheworld.5._______morelearnedamanis,_______moremodestheusuallybecomes.6.Heisin_______possessionofthatbeautifulgardenandtheshopisin_______possessionofhisbrother.7.ThisareaexperiencedheaviestrainfallinmonthofMay.8.MarcoPoloissaidtohavesailedon_______PacificOceanonhiswaytoJavain_____thirteenthcentury.9.Thereisanunhappyboysittingon________seatoverthere,wholooksverysad.10.Ilookedunder_______bedandfound_______bookIlostlastweek.【答案】1.the,a2.the3.the4.the,the5.The,the6./,the7.the,the8.the,the9.the10.the,the三、零冠詞的十大場(chǎng)合零冠詞典型場(chǎng)合典型示例物質(zhì)名詞、抽象名詞前Breadismadefromflour.面包是用面粉做的。表示職務(wù)、頭銜的名詞前HewasselectedChairmanofthecommittee.他被選為委員會(huì)主席。一日三餐名詞前Wearegoingtomoviesaftersupper.晚飯后我們要去看電影。運(yùn)動(dòng)、棋類(lèi)、游戲等名詞前Helikestoplaychess.他喜歡下棋。星期、月份、季節(jié)等名詞前Springisthebestseasonoftheyear.春天是一年中最好的季節(jié)。西方節(jié)日名稱前AprilFool’sDay愚人節(jié)ChristmasDay圣誕節(jié)Easter復(fù)活節(jié)Father’sDay父親節(jié)ThanksgivingDay感恩節(jié)Valentine’sDay情人節(jié)名詞被限定詞this，my，some，no等修飾時(shí)Hisheartwasbeatingwildlywithfear.他的心因害怕而狂跳不已。Godownthisstreet.順著這條道路往前走。含有介詞短語(yǔ)的獨(dú)立主格Heenteredtheforest,guninhand.他手拿槍進(jìn)了森林。復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示類(lèi)屬時(shí)Dogsarehumanbeings’friends.狗是人類(lèi)的朋友。by表示交通工具的名詞前Everydayhegoestoschoolbybike.他每天騎自行車(chē)上學(xué)。單句改錯(cuò)。1.Forhimthestageisjustmeansofmakingaliving.2.Ifyoubuymorethanten,theyknock20penceoffprice.3.Foralongtimetheywalkedwithoutsayingaword.Jimwasthefirsttobreaksilence.4.Tomownsthelargercollectionofbooksthananyotherstudentinourclass.5.Whenyoufinishreadingthebook,youwillhavethebetterunderstandingoflife.6.Asarule,domesticservantsdoingoddjobsarepaidbyanhour.7.Iwokeupwithbadheadache,yetbytheeveningthepainhadgone.8.Itisgenerallyacceptedthataboymustlearntostandupandfightlikeman.9.ExpertsthinkthattherecentlydiscoveredpaintingmaybePicasso.10.Everythingcomeswithaprice;thereisnosuchathingasfreelunchintheworld.【答案】1.means前加a2.price前加the3.silence前加the4.the改為a5.abetter6.an改為the7.bad前加a8.man前加a9.Picasso前加a10.去掉such后a一、單句語(yǔ)法填空(用單詞的適當(dāng)形式完成句子)1.ZhuDejun’sfirstjobaftergraduatingfromcollegewasas__________roaddesignengineerinhishometown.2.It’ssimilartoJupiter,agiantgasplanetin__________(we)solarsystem.3.As__________result,theyputonanaverageof0.77kgontheprocesseddiet,whiletheylost1.08kgonthehealthydiet.4.Theartusedtobewelcomedbypeopleofallagesinruralareas.However,in__________1980s,withthepopularityoffilmsandTVshows,itstartedtoloseitsshineandmanyperformersmovedontootherjobs.5.Saxaultreesare__________excellenttreespeciesforsandfixation.It’scommonlyseen,thougheasilyignored.6.In__________SongDynasty,aninstrumentwasalsoinventedtoindicatedirection,calledthecompassfish,whichfloatedonwater.7.Healsosaidroadsaren’tdesignedtomake__________safeforbicycliststosharetheroadwithcars.8.HuaWeiguang,__________retiredteacherfromTongliao,InnerMongoliaAutonomousRegion,isaphotographyenthusiast.9.Inadditiontosavinglivesandnourishingthebody,__________magicoftraditionalChinesemedicinehasexistedinvariousaspectsofChineselife.10.Earlierthisyear,11-year-oldKashmeaWahiofLondon,Englandscored162on__________intelligencequotient(IQ)test.11.Lastyear,apowerfulcomputercalculatedpitorecord-breaking62.8trillion(萬(wàn)億)figures.Andin2005,one23-year-oldusedclevermentaltrickstorecitenearly68,000ofthosefiguresfrommemory.Noone,though,willevergetto__________endofpi.12.Moststudentsarerequiredtotakepartinthelaborclassonceperweek.SinceSeptember,laborclasshasbeenlistedas__________officialcourseintheschoollivesofprimaryandmiddleschoolstudents.13.TheJiahusettlementislocatedinthecentralplainofancientChina,__________areaknowntodayastheHenanProvince.Thepeoplecreatedthecountry’soldestrecognizedcivilization.1.a考查不定冠詞。句意：朱德軍大學(xué)畢業(yè)后的第一份工作是在家鄉(xiāng)做道路設(shè)計(jì)工程師。分析句子可知，修飾可數(shù)名詞engineer，應(yīng)填不定冠詞，表示泛指“道路設(shè)計(jì)工程師”，且road的首字母發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭。故填a。2.our考查形容詞性物主代詞。句意：它類(lèi)似于木星，太陽(yáng)系中一顆巨大的氣態(tài)行星。此空在名詞前，應(yīng)用形容詞性代詞?！癮giantgasplanetin____(we)solarsystem”是Jupiter的同位語(yǔ)。故填our。3.a考查不定冠詞。句意：結(jié)果，他們?cè)诩庸わ嬍持衅骄黾恿?.77公斤，而在健康飲食中減少了1.08公斤。Asaresult是一個(gè)固定短語(yǔ)，意為“結(jié)果是”。故填a。4.the考查定冠詞。在表示“年代”的短語(yǔ)中，一般要加上定冠詞the，表示特指。故填the。5.an考查不定冠詞。句意：Saxaul樹(shù)是一種很好的固沙樹(shù)種，雖然很容易被忽視，但是很常見(jiàn)。分析句子可知，修飾可數(shù)名詞treespecies，應(yīng)填不定冠詞，表示泛指“樹(shù)種”，且excellent的首字母發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭。故填an。6.the考查定冠詞。句意：在宋代，人們還發(fā)明了一種指示方向的儀器，稱為羅盤(pán)魚(yú)，它可以在水上漂浮。在表示“朝代”的名詞前，一般要加上定冠詞the，表示特指。故填the。7.it考查代詞。句意：他還說(shuō)道路的設(shè)計(jì)并不是為了讓自行車(chē)和汽車(chē)共享道路。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，此空應(yīng)用it做形式賓語(yǔ)，代替后面的不定式tosharetheroadwithcars。故填it。8.a考查不定冠詞。句意：華衛(wèi)光是內(nèi)蒙古通遼的一名退休教師，他是一名攝影愛(ài)好者。分析句子可知，修飾可數(shù)名詞teacher，應(yīng)填不定冠詞，表示泛指“一位退休教師”，且retired的首字母發(fā)音以輔音音素開(kāi)頭。故填a。9.the考查定冠詞。句意：除了拯救生命和滋養(yǎng)身體，傳統(tǒng)中醫(yī)的魔力存在于中國(guó)人生活的各個(gè)方面。此處特指?jìng)鹘y(tǒng)中醫(yī)的魔力，應(yīng)用定冠詞the。故填the。10.an考查不定冠詞。句意：今年早些時(shí)候，英國(guó)倫敦11歲的KashmeaWahi在智商測(cè)試中得了162分。根據(jù)句意，此處泛指“一次智商測(cè)試”，intelligence以元音音素開(kāi)頭，用不定冠詞an。故填an。11.the考查定冠詞。句意：然而，沒(méi)有人會(huì)算到圓周率的最后一個(gè)數(shù)字。分析句子可知，此處需要添加定冠詞the表示特指圓周率這個(gè)數(shù)字的終點(diǎn)。故填the。12.an考查不定冠詞。句意：自9月起，勞動(dòng)課被列為中小學(xué)生學(xué)校生活的正式課程。設(shè)空處后為名詞單數(shù)，表示泛指，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用不定冠詞，空后的形容詞發(fā)音以元音音素開(kāi)頭，應(yīng)用an。故填an。13.an考查不定冠詞。句意：賈湖聚落位于中國(guó)古代中部平原，今天被稱為河南省的一塊地區(qū)。此處泛指“一塊地區(qū)”，area以元音音素開(kāi)頭，用不定冠詞an。故填an。Studentscontrolshadowpuppets(皮影木偶)asthesingingvoiceof71-year-oldLiuAibangechoes(回蕩)acrosstheclassroom.Theyusethinstraightpiecesofwoodtomakeshadowpuppetsstepontothe"stage"—aclothscreen.Thosesittinginfrontofthestageplaymusicondrums,suonahornsandotherinstruments.ThisisaDaoqingshadowpuppetryclassatLongdongUniversity.ExceptLiu,theotherperformersoftheshowareallcollegestudents.StartingintheHanDynasty,Daoqingshadowpuppetryhasbeenincludedinthenationalintangibleculturalheritagelist(國(guó)家非物質(zhì)文化遺產(chǎn)名錄)since2006.Foryears,shadowplayswerewelcomedbypeopleofallages.andwereoftenperformedduringthefestivals.However,withfilmsandTVseriesbecomingpopularinthelate1980s,manyperformersmovedonto