精讀高考真題(二十八)語法填空導(dǎo)學(xué)案-2024屆高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)

精讀高考真題（二十八）高考英語真題是英語學(xué)習(xí)的寶藏，精讀一篇遠(yuǎn)勝過刷題十篇。相較于教材、日常習(xí)題，高考真題的語料更加新穎、更有針對性。長期精讀高考真題有利于增強(qiáng)英語學(xué)習(xí)的信心，從而極大提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的效率。一、真題再現(xiàn)I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe＿56＿(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,＿57＿(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething＿58＿(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany__59＿usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany＿60＿emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow＿61＿(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso＿62__(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto＿63＿(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany＿64___(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover＿65＿plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全國新高考II卷語法填空）二、語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文的語篇類型是記敘文，主題語境為人與自然。講述了作者為了保護(hù)海洋，減少塑料垃圾所做的努力。三、重點單詞（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生意詞、超綱詞）和短語1.aquariumn.水族館，養(yǎng)魚缸，水族箱2.learnof...聽說，獲悉3.urgesbtodosth敦促某人做某事，力勸某人做某事4.cutback減少，削減，縮減5.commercialn.(電視或電臺的)商業(yè)廣告（熟詞生義）acommercialfor...一個的廣告health-careadj.醫(yī)療（服務(wù)）的（合成詞）beharmfulto...對有危害eco-friendlyadj.環(huán)保的cut...inhalf把減少一半keepgoing（在身處困境或遭難時）盡力維持下去，（用于鼓勵）繼續(xù)下去hearof...聽說，得知switchover改變，轉(zhuǎn)變，突變switchoverfrom...to...把換成四、關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)和長難句1.Intheseventhgrade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia..句中的volunteeringat...是動名詞短語做賓語，也可以用帶to的動詞不定式形式：tovolunteer...。像start,begin,continue,cease這樣一些表示“開始”、“繼續(xù)”和“結(jié)束”的動詞，既可以接帶to的動詞不定式，也可以接動名詞，大體上說，意義沒有明顯的差別。E.g.Thelittlegirlstartedtocrywhenshesawadogcomingtoher.小女孩看見一條狗朝她走來，就開始哭起來。Youshouldstartsavingmoneynow.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該開始存錢了。Thebandeventuallybegantoplay.樂隊終于開始演奏。SoIatoncebeganmakingpreparationsforatrip.于是我便立刻開始為回家的旅程做準(zhǔn)備。Theeconomyisterrible.Unemploymentisupandfromallindication,thingsaregoingtocontinuetogetworse.經(jīng)濟(jì)情況很糟，失業(yè)率在上升，而且從所有跡象看，情況會繼續(xù)惡化。Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghappened.他繼續(xù)工作，好像什么也沒有發(fā)生。Thematterhasceasedtobeamysterytoanyone.這件事對任何人都不再是秘密了。Sheceasedtalkingandwentonwriting.她停止了談話，繼續(xù)寫作?！緟⒖甲g文】在七年級的時候，我開始在加利福利亞的蒙特雷灣水族館做自愿者工作。2.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood.1).句中的tolearn...表示upset的原因。在“beupsettodo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，帶to的動詞不定式表示感情反應(yīng)的原因。E.g.She

was

very

upset

to

hear

thatthe

holiday

had

been

cancelled.聽說假期被取消了，她很心煩。We

are

very

upset

to

hear

that

our

applications

have

been

turned

down.聽說我們的申請被拒絕了，我們都十分難。在“be+情感類形容詞（happy/glad/pleased/nice等）+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式是形容詞后接的補(bǔ)足語，表示產(chǎn)生這一情感的是原因狀語。也有專家把它看成狀語。E.g.I'm

quite

happyto

waitfor

you

here.

我非常高興在此等候您。Lilywasvery

happyto

seeherwonderfulstickers

again.

她又一次看見她的貼畫莉莉非常高興。He

wassatisfied

to

win

therace.

他對贏得賽跑感到滿意。2).thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood是動詞learn后接的賓語從句。3).eatplasticgarbage是省去to的動詞不定式短語做賓語補(bǔ)足語。在“see+賓語+省去to的動詞不定式（動詞原形）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式表示“整個活動或整個事件從頭到尾的全過程”。被動語態(tài)中要把省去的to還原上。E.g.Iremembertohaveseenhimtakeitup.我記得曾看到他把它收起來了。Hewasseentocrosstheroad.有人看見他穿過了馬路。4).thinkingitisfood是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做狀語，表示伴隨情況，其邏輯主語是manyseaanimals。E.g.Ifellontothestones,damaginganerveinmyhand.我摔倒在石頭上，弄傷了我手上的一根神經(jīng)。Tobycameover,helpingmeup.

托比過來扶我起來。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,seating50,000people.羅馬斗獸場有157英尺高，有80個入口，可容納5萬人。5).itisfood是動詞think后接的賓語從句，省去了連詞that。【參考譯文】我很難過地得知很多海洋動物吃塑料垃圾，意為是食物。IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.1).本句謂語動詞decide后接的是連詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，that可以省略。2).賓語從句中包含了一個與將來事實相反的非真實條件句：ifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic，主句和從句的謂語動詞都用了虛擬語氣的形式。在虛擬語氣中，表示與將來事實相反時，條件從句中的謂語動詞的形式是：過去式或should/could(wereto)+動詞原形；主句謂語動詞形式是：would/should+動詞原形。E.g.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,Iwouldn’tgo.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。Ifwemissed/shouldmiss/weretomissthetrain,weshouldhavetowaitanhouratthestation.如果我們誤了火車，我們就得在車站等一個小時。3).thatusedalotofplastic是定語從句，關(guān)系代詞that代替先行詞acompany，在從句中做主語。4).urgingittocutback是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，相當(dāng)于定語從句：whichwouldurgeittocutback?！緟⒖甲g文】我決定，如果聽說哪家公司使用大量塑料，我就給它發(fā)一封郵件，敦促它削減。4.Itoldhimhowharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.1).howharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironment是賓語從句，做動詞tell的直接賓語。這里的how表示程度上的感嘆，可譯作“多么……”、“真……”、“這么……”等E.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyouhowtinywehumansare.一旦你到達(dá)山頂，你看到的滾滾云海就會讓你想起我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨?。Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertellhowcloseyoumaybetovictory.不要讓任何的失敗使你灰心喪氣，因為你決不會知道成功離你有多近。Parentsaretaughttounderstandhowimportanteducationistotheirchildren’sfuture.教育父母明白教育對于孩子們的未來是多么重要。2).consider用在主動句時，后面只跟名詞、動名詞或從句作賓語，而不能跟動詞不定式。E.g.Youdohavetoconsiderthefeelingsofthosearoundyou.你的確需要考慮周圍人的感受。We'reconsideringbuyinganewcar.我們在考慮買一輛新車。Weneedtoconsiderhowthelawmightbereformed.我們得斟酌法律應(yīng)如何修訂。Sheconsidersthatitistooearlytoformadefiniteconclusion.她認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在下確切的結(jié)論還為時過早只有當(dāng)動詞不定式之前有連接副詞或連接代詞時，才可以用動詞不定式作賓語。E.g.Hewasconsideringwhattodonext.他在考慮下一步怎么辦。Haveyouconsideredhowtogetthere？你考慮過怎么到那里嗎？【參考譯文】我告訴他塑料對環(huán)境的危害有多大，并請他考慮用更環(huán)保的選項。5.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.1).said后面接的是一個賓語從句，省去了連詞that。2).“makesurethat...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“確?！?、“保證”。that從句是make的賓語從句，that可省略；sure是賓語補(bǔ)足語，但和一般的補(bǔ)足語不同，它總是位于賓語的前面。類似的還有“makecertainthat...”等。E.g.Youhavetomakesureyoudon’tturntwopagesatonceandmakesureyoufindtherepeatsinthemusicwhenyouhavetogobacktotherightspot.你得確保不要一次翻兩頁。當(dāng)你得回到適當(dāng)部分的時候，要確保能看到音樂中的反復(fù)標(biāo)記。Makesurethatthetourismprovidespositiveexperiencesforboththevisitorsandthehosts.確保旅游業(yè)給游客和主辦方都能帶來積極地經(jīng)歷。Beforeyouopenthebook,makesurethatyouarecomfortable.在你打開書之前，確保你感到舒服?！緟⒖甲g文】他說他會確保把公司塑料吸管的使用減少一半。6.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.1).WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic是一個由連詞whenever引導(dǎo)的時間狀語從句。whenever用作連詞，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句時，含有“每當(dāng)”、“每逢”的意思。E.g.WheneverIhavetogiveaspeech,IgetextremelynervousbeforeIstart.每當(dāng)我不得不做演講時,開始之前我總是很緊張。Pleasecallmysecretarytoarrangeameetingthisafternoon,orwheneveritisconvenienttoyou.請打電話給我的秘書今天下午安排一個會議，或者是任何你方便的時候。Youcaneatfoodfreeinmyrestaurantwheneveryoulike.無論你什么時候喜歡，你都可以在我的餐館里免費(fèi)吃飯。2).usingplastic是現(xiàn)在分詞短語做定語，修飾businesses，相當(dāng)于定語從句：which/thatusedplastic?！緟⒖甲g文】每當(dāng)我聽說到使用塑料的企業(yè)的時候，我就會發(fā)去一封郵件。7.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwrotetowasAlaskaAirlinesParis.1).“Oneof+名詞或代詞”作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。E.g.Atpresent,oneoftheargumentsinfavorofthenewairportisthatitwillbringalotjobstothearea.當(dāng)前，其中一個支持新機(jī)場的論據(jù)是它會給區(qū)域?qū)砗芏喙ぷ鲘徫弧hey’replayingwell,butoneofthemgothurt.他們打得很棒，但是他們中有一個（隊員）受傷了。2).Iwroteto是定語從句，修飾先行詞companies，省去了關(guān)系代詞which或that?！敬鸢浮?6.seventh

57.thinking

58.toeducate

59.that/which

60.and61.harmful

62.excited

63.was

64.representative

65.from（祁兆國）【附：學(xué)案】精讀高考真題（二十八）高考英語真題是英語學(xué)習(xí)的寶藏，精讀一篇遠(yuǎn)勝過刷題十篇。相較于教材、日常習(xí)題，高考真題的語料更加新穎、更有針對性。長期精讀高考真題有利于增強(qiáng)英語學(xué)習(xí)的信心，從而極大提高學(xué)習(xí)英語的效率。一、真題再現(xiàn)I'vealwayslovedtheocean.Inthe＿56＿(seven)grade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,＿57＿(think)itisfood.Idecidedtodosomething＿58＿(educate)peopleaboutthisproblem.Iheldpresentationsatschoolstoteachkidsaboutplasticwaste.Iwantedtoreachbusinessestoo.IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompany__59＿usedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.Oneday,Isawacommercialforahealth-carecompany.Peopleintheadwereusingplasticstraws（吸管）.Ifoundthecontactinformationofthecompany＿60＿emaileditspresident.Itoldhimhow＿61＿(harm)plasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.Iwasso＿62__(excite)whenhewrotebacktome.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.Ikeptgoing.WheneverIheardofbusinessesusingplastic,I'dsendanemail.OneofthebiggestcompaniesIwroteto＿63＿(be)AlaskaAirlinesParis.Acompany＿64___(represent)wrotebackandtoldmetheairlinewasswitchingover＿65＿plastictopapercupsonallofits1,200dailyflights.（2021年全國新高考II卷語法填空）二、語篇導(dǎo)讀：本文的語篇類型是________，主題語境為_____________。講述了_________________________________________________。三、重點單詞（詞性轉(zhuǎn)換詞、熟詞生意詞、超綱詞）和短語1.aquariumn.2.learnof...3.urgesbtodosth4.cutback5.commercialn.acommercialfor...health-careadj.beharmfulto...eco-friendlyadj.cut...inhalfkeepgoinghearof...switchoverswitchoverfrom...to...四、關(guān)鍵結(jié)構(gòu)和長難句1.Intheseventhgrade,IstartedvolunteeringattheMontereyBayAquariuminCalifornia..句中的volunteeringat...是____________做______語，也可以__________________形式：_____________________。像start,begin,continue,cease這樣一些表示“開始”、“繼續(xù)”和“結(jié)束”的動詞，既可以接帶to的動詞不定式，也可以接動名詞，大體上說，意義沒有明顯的差別。E.g.Thelittlegirlstarted____________whenshesawadogcomingtoher.小女孩看見一條狗朝她走來，就開始哭起來。Youshouldstart____________moneynow.你現(xiàn)在應(yīng)該開始存錢了。Thebandeventuallybegan_______________.樂隊終于開始演奏。SoIatoncebegan_______________preparationsforatrip.于是我便立刻開始為回家的旅程做準(zhǔn)備。Theeconomyisterrible.Unemploymentisupandfromallindication,thingsaregoingtocontinue____________worse.經(jīng)濟(jì)情況很糟，失業(yè)率在上升，而且從所有跡象看，情況會繼續(xù)惡化。Hecontinued______________asifnothinghappened.他繼續(xù)工作，好像什么也沒有發(fā)生。Thematterhasceased_____________amysterytoanyone.這件事對任何人都不再是秘密了。Sheceased_______________andwentonwriting.她停止了談話，繼續(xù)寫作。【譯文】______________________________________________________________。2.Iwasupsettolearnthatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood.1).句中的tolearn...表示upset的____________。在“beupsettodo”結(jié)構(gòu)中，帶to的動詞不定式表示感情反應(yīng)的原因。E.g.She

was

very

upset

___________

thatthe

holiday

had

been

cancelled.聽說假期被取消了，她很心煩。We

are

very

upset

___________

that

our

applications

have

been

turned

down.聽說我們的申請被拒絕了，我們都十分難。在“be+情感類形容詞（happy/glad/pleased/nice等）+動詞不定式”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式是形容詞后接的補(bǔ)足語，表示產(chǎn)生這一情感的是原因狀語。也有專家把它看成狀語。E.g.I'm

quite

happy__________________

here.

我非常高興在此等候您。Lilywasvery

happy________herwonderfulstickers

again.

她又一次看見我的貼畫莉莉非常高興。He

wassatisfied

____________

therace.

他對贏得賽跑感到滿意。2).thatmanyseaanimalseatplasticgarbage,thinkingitisfood是動詞learn后接的__________從句。3).eatplasticgarbage是省去to的動_________做_______________。在“see+賓語+省去to的動詞不定式（動詞原形）”結(jié)構(gòu)中，動詞不定式表示“___________________________”。被動語態(tài)中要把省去的to_________。E.g.Iremembertohaveseenhim_______________.我記得曾看到他把它收起來了。Hewasseen____________theroad.有人看見他穿過了馬路。4).thinkingitisfood是________________做_______語，表示_________，其邏輯主語是__________________。E.g.Ifellontothestones,____________anerveinmyhand.我摔倒在石頭上，弄傷了我手上的一根神經(jīng)。Tobycameover,_________________meup.

托比過來扶我起來。Rome’sColosseumwas157feettallandhad80entrances,____________50,000people.羅馬斗獸場有157英尺高，有80個入口，可容納5萬人。5).itisfood是動詞think后接的___________，省去了連詞_____________?！咀g文】_________________________________________________。IdecidedthatifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic,I'dsenditanemailurgingittocutback.1).本句謂語動詞decide后接的是連詞that引導(dǎo)的_________從句，that可以_______。2).賓語從句中包含了一個與______事實相反的非真實條件句：ifIlearnedofacompanythatusedalotofplastic，主句和從句的謂語動詞都用了_______語氣的形式。在虛擬語氣中，表示與將來事實相反時，條件從句中的謂語動詞的形式是：______或_______/______(_______)+_________；主句謂語動詞形式是：_______/_______+________。E.g.Ifit________/_________/_________tomorrow,I___________.如果明天下雨，我就不去了。Ifwe________/_____________/____________thetrain,we_____________towaitanhouratthestation.如果我們誤了火車，我們就得在車站等一個小時。3).thatusedalotofplastic是_______從句，______________代替_______________，在從句中做______語。4).urgingittocutback是__________做___語，相當(dāng)于________從句：_________________ittocutback?！咀g文】_____________________________________________________。4.Itoldhimhowharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironmentandaskedhimtoconsiderusingmoreeco-friendlyoptions.1).howharmfulplasticcouldbetotheenvironment是_________從句，做動詞tell的__________。這里的how表示_______________，可譯作“________”、“_____________”、“______________”等E.g.Therollingseaofcloudsyouseeonceyouareatthetopwillremindyou__________wehumansare.一旦你到達(dá)山頂，你看到的滾滾云海就會讓你想起我們?nèi)祟愂嵌嗝疵煨?。Donotletanyfailuresdiscourageyou,foryoucannevertell_______________youmaybetovictory.不要讓任何的失敗使你灰心喪氣，因為你決不會知道成功離你有多近。Parentsaretaughttounderstand____________educationistotheirchildren’sfuture.教育父母明白教育對于孩子們的未來是多么重要。2).consider用在主動句時，后面只跟____詞、_____詞或_______作____語，而不能跟_________。E.g.Youdohavetoconsiderthefeelingsofthosearoundyou.你的確需要考慮周圍人的感受。We'reconsidering______________anewcar.我們在考慮買一輛新車。Weneedtoconsider________________________.我們得斟酌法律應(yīng)如何修訂。Sheconsiders_________________________________.她認(rèn)為現(xiàn)在下確切的結(jié)論還為時過早只有當(dāng)動詞不定式之前有連接副詞或連接代詞時，才可以用動詞不定式作賓語。E.g.Hewasconsidering__________________.他在考慮下一步怎么辦。Haveyouconsidered___________________？你考慮過怎么到那里嗎？【譯文】_____________________________________________________。5.Hesaidhewouldmakesurethatthecompanycutitsuseofplasticstrawsinhalf.1).said后面接的是一個_______從句，省去了連詞______。2).“makesurethat...”結(jié)構(gòu)，表示“_______”、“_______”。that從句是make的_________從句，that可省略；sure是_________語，但和一般的補(bǔ)足語不同，它總是位