人教版高中英語必修四第2講：Unit1-Women-of-achievement-語法篇(教師版)

Unit1Womenofachievement語法篇____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________要求學(xué)生掌握本單元的重點(diǎn)語法----主謂一致并能熟練運(yùn)用相關(guān)語法知識(shí)解決相應(yīng)類型的題。主謂一致是指主語和謂語要保持人稱和數(shù)的一致，英語中的主謂一致主要遵循三個(gè)原則：語法一致原則、意義一致原則和就近一致原則。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。語法一致原則單數(shù)Heistalkingwithhisbrother.復(fù)數(shù)Theboysareplayingfootball.就近一致原則由or/either...or.../neither...nor.../notonly...but(also)...等連接與最近的主語在單復(fù)數(shù)上保持一致①EitherIortheyareresponsiblefortheresultofthematter.②NeitherInorheisinfavourofhermarriage.由there，here引起的主語不止一個(gè)時(shí)和最鄰近的主語保持一致Thereisapen，aknifeandseveralbooksonthedesk.意義一致原則clothing，furniture，traffic，jewellery，baggage，equipment，luggage等不可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)Clothingisbadlyneededinthisfloodedarea.以s結(jié)尾的表示學(xué)科、國家、機(jī)構(gòu)、書籍、報(bào)刊等名稱的詞Politicsisoftenatopicfordiscussion.表示時(shí)間、重量、距離、價(jià)格、金錢、體積等復(fù)數(shù)名詞表達(dá)一個(gè)整體概念Fortymileswascoveredinasinglenight.由every，any，some，no和one，thing，body等構(gòu)成的不定代詞Iseverybodyheretoday?動(dòng)詞ing形式、動(dòng)詞不定式和名詞性從句①Persuadinghimtojoinusseemsreallyhard.②Whateverwasleftwastakenaway.意義一致原則由連詞and連接的并列成分指的是同一概念，兼具身份或匹配出現(xiàn)單數(shù)①Warandpeaceisaconstantthemeinhistory.②Thesingeranddanceristoattendoureveningparty.no/each/every/manya＋單數(shù)名詞＋and(＋no/each/every/manya)＋單數(shù)名詞Manyateacherand(manya)studenthasseenthefilm.one/everyone/each/either/thenumber＋of/thevarietyof＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞Thenumberofstudentsfromthenorthissmall.意義一致原則由and連接兩個(gè)并列成分表不同概念復(fù)數(shù)Steamandicearedifferentformsofwater.一些常用復(fù)數(shù)或只有復(fù)數(shù)形式的名詞如arms，stairs，goods等。Thegoodsaresoldout.以s結(jié)尾的專有名詞如山脈、運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)、群島等。TheOlympicGamesareheldonceeveryfouryears.anumberof＋名詞AnumberofstudentsarefromChina.特別提醒由兩部分構(gòu)成的表示物體的名詞，如trousers，pants，jeans，compasses(圓規(guī))，glasses，shorts等作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。但如果這類名詞前用了apairof或two/three...pairsof來修飾，謂語動(dòng)詞在數(shù)上要與pair保持一致。例句①Yourglassesareverynice.②Thispairofglassesismine.③Herearesomenewpairsofshoes.“名詞＋with，alongwith，togetherwith，aswellas，ratherthan，asmuchas，but，except等＋名詞”結(jié)構(gòu)作主語時(shí)，謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)形式要與第一個(gè)名詞保持一致。①Tomaswellastwoofhisfriendswasinvitedtotheparty.②Dr.Smith,togetherwithhiswife,istoarriveontheeveningflight.aquantityof后既可接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，亦可接不可數(shù)名詞。如果aquantityof接不可數(shù)名詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，則謂語動(dòng)詞通常要采用復(fù)數(shù)形式(※偶爾謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，屬非規(guī)范用法，宜慎用)。quantitiesof后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞、不可數(shù)名詞，后面的謂語動(dòng)詞都用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Thereisasmallquantityofwaterleftinthebottle.Alargequantityofbooksareonsalenow.③Greatquantitiesoffishwerecaughtthatday.若用and連接兩個(gè)動(dòng)名詞、不定式短語或主語從句，表示兩個(gè)不同的概念則謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。若表示同一概念，則謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式Ridingontheelephantsandrowingtheboatswerethechildren'sfavoritegames.①Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.②Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.what和whatever引導(dǎo)主語從句時(shí)謂語動(dòng)詞的單復(fù)數(shù)根據(jù)從句所表達(dá)的意義上的數(shù)確定例1.Thefamily________fansofJayChow,whosesongsallsoundfamiliartothemA.were B.was C.are D.is解析：根據(jù)句意“全家人都是周杰倫的粉絲，周杰倫的所有的歌曲對(duì)他們來說是熟悉的”family此次強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，意思為“家庭成員”故推知用復(fù)數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞，如果指一個(gè)整體，用單數(shù)謂語動(dòng)詞。答案：C。例2.Eastofthemountain_______twotowns,________myhometown.A.lie;oneofwhichis B.lies;wherelies C.lies;oneofwhichis D.lie;oneofthemis解析：根據(jù)句意“那座山的東邊坐落著兩個(gè)城鎮(zhèn)，其中之一是我的故鄉(xiāng)”第一空處為倒裝句；第二空處是非限制性定語從句。答案：A。例3.Allweneed_______asmallpieceoflandwherewecanplantvariouskindsoffruittreesthroughoutthegrowingseasonsoftheyear.A.are B.was C.is D.were解析：根據(jù)句意“我們所需要的就是一小片土地，我們可以在一年中的生長季節(jié)里在那兒種植各種果樹”根據(jù)題干可知all指代的是asmallpieceofland所以謂語動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù)形式，整句話的語境為一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)答案：C。例4.Thistermourclasswillhaveapicnic,butwhenandwhere______yet.A.aren’tdecided B.isn’tdecided C.haven’tbeendecided D.hasn’tbeendecided解析：根據(jù)句意“本學(xué)期，我們班要去野餐，但什么時(shí)候和去哪里還沒有決定?！眞henandwhere此處表示同意一件事情緊密相連的兩個(gè)方面，謂語動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該用單數(shù)；根據(jù)yet,應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。答案：D。例5.--Didyougototheshowlastnight?--Yeah.Everyboyandgirlinthearea______invited.A.were B.havebeen C.hasbeen D.was解析：根據(jù)句意“—昨天晚上你去看展出了嗎？—這個(gè)地方的每個(gè)男孩和女孩都被邀請(qǐng)了”主語是everyboyandgirl，表示單數(shù)概念，故謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)，且詢問昨晚的情況，有明確的過去時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)選擇was答案：D?；A(chǔ)演練1.Allbutone________herejustnow.A.is B.was C.hasbeen D.were2.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary________tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.is B.are C.am D.be3.Alibrarywillfivethousandbooks________tothenationasagift.A.isoffered B.hasoffered C.areoffered D.haveoffered4.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory________yet.A.isnotdecided B.arenotdecided C.hasnotdecided D.havenotdecided5.Thetrousers________tome.A.belong B.belongs C.isbelonged D.arebelonged6.Thebreadandbutter________onthetable.A.is B.are C.were D.puts7.Hisfamily________alwaysquarrelingamong________.A.is;itself B.are;themselves C.is;themselves D.are;itself8.Somefolk________never________withthepresentsituation.A.is;satisfying B.are;satisfied C.are;satisfying D.are;itself9.There________somefish________intheboat.A.is;lying B.are;laying C.is;laid D.are;lying10.Allpossiblemeans________.A.hasbeentried B.havebeentried C.istobetried D.aretryingKeys:1--5DBAAA6--10ABBDB鞏固提高1.Southofthevillage________alargeworks.A.is B.are C.stand D.isbuilt2.Thefirsttwoproblemsareverydifficult,________easy.A.andtherestis B.yettherestare C.hasbeensold D.buttherestare3.Everypictureexceptthesetwo________.A.hassold B.havesold C.hasbeensold D.havebeensold4.ItisIwho________thedictionarytoyou.A.haslent B.havelent C.isgoingtolend D.aregoingtolend5.Mr.Greenalongwithhischildren,________toAmerican.A.go B.hasgone C.aregoing D.havebeengone6.Penandink________bytheball-pen.A.hasreplaced B.havereplaced C.hasbeenreplace D.havebeenreplaced7.EitheryouorI________abletoattendthelecture.A.is B.am C.hasbeen D.aretobe8.Thewounded________after.A.iswelllooked B.hasbeenwelllooked C.aregoodlooked D.havebeenwelllooked9.NeitherMarynorherbrother________theconcert.A.isgoingto B.aregoingto C.isallowedinto D.areallowedto10.Onethirdofthepopulationhere________workers.A.is B.are C.has D.beKeys:1--5ADCBB6--10CBDAB用括號(hào)內(nèi)所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空1.(2015江西師大附中期中)AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher________(tell)ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkersnow.2.(2015山東威海期中)Whenandwherethistookplace________(be)stillunknown.3.(2015長沙二模)Everymeans________(try)，butnoneprovedsuccessful.4.(2015江蘇蘇錫常鎮(zhèn)四市調(diào)研一)WeiboaswellasWeChat________(serve)asamediaplatformforpeopletosharetheirthoughtsinstantlywithoutlimitsofplaceortime.5.(2015河南開封第一次摸底)--Hey!Hereisamessageonmycellphone,tellingmethatIhavewonthefirstprizeofaweekendfortwoinParis.--Deleteit!It'satrick.Manyaperson________(cheat)bysuchtricks.6.(2015太原測(cè)評(píng))Onesurveyshowsthatlargequantitiesofwater________(be)wastedeveryyearinChina，andthatonethirdisavailabletobesaved.7.(2015甘肅蘭州、張掖聯(lián)合診斷)Hankaswellastheotherchildrenwhohavenoparents________(take)goodcareofinthecenter.8.(2015河北邯鄲調(diào)研)Whattheteacherofthescienceclassdoesandsays________(be)ofgreatimportancetothestudentsatcollege.9.(2015太原五中第一學(xué)期測(cè)試)Childrenarenotrecommendedtoseesuchfilmsas________(be)badfortheirmentaldevelopment.10.(2015東營模擬)Theyoung________(eat)upalmosteverything；oneandahalfbananas________(be)leftonthetable.11.(2015鄭州模擬)ThewriterandteacherSmith________(go)throughmillionsofupsanddownssincehemovedtoSydney.12.(2015鄭州模擬)There________(be)atable，fourchairs，threebikesinthecourtyard，inthemiddleofwhich________twotalltreeswithgreatshade.13.(2015東營模擬)Thesecretaryandheadmasteroftheschool________(attend)themeeting.14.(2015江蘇鹽城3月二模)--Canyougetmesomeofthenovels?--Byallmeans.Allbutoneofthem________(publish)inourcompany.15.(2015安徽名校聯(lián)考Ⅰ)--Jeremyratherthanhisfriends________(blame)fortheaccident.--Absolutely.Heshouldn'thavedrivenafterbeingdrunk.Keys:1.istelling 2.is3.hasbeentried4.serves5.hasbeencheated6.are 7.istaken 8.is 9.are10.haveeaten;hasbeen11.hasgone 12.is;are13.istoattend14.werepublished15.istoblame__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________一、單項(xiàng)選擇1.Iaswellasthey________helpyou.A.arereadyto B.isreadyfor C.amreadyfor D.arereadyfor2.Agreatnumberofstudents________swimming.A.isfondof B.arefondof C.willbefondof D.werefondof3.Nothisfather,buthisbrothers________inWuhan.A.hasbeen B.havecome C.lives D.live4.Whethershe’scomingornot________toomuch.A.matter B.doesn’tmatter C.don’tmatter D.mattersabout5.Iwishshe________heretoshareinmyjoynow.A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.cancome6.--Wouldyoulikesomemoreoranges?--No,thanks,Ithinkthere________enoughforme.A.is B.are C.hadbeen D.hasbeen7.Thepriceofthetwobikes________low.A.is B.are C.has D.have8.TheworksofLuXun,ofcourse,________worthstudying.A.is B.are C.has D.have9.Anybodywho________anythingcanseethatthiselephantislikeasnake.A.knew B.knows C.know D.hasknown10.Howtogetthosebooks________tous.A.isunknown B.areunknowns C.hasunknown D.haveunknown11.Themurdererhasrunaway.Thepolice________him.A.isrunningafter B.islookingfor C.arerunningafter D.issearching12.Thenumberofthecollegestudents________everyyear.A.rises B.rise C.raise D.areraised13.Ithinkheistheonlyoneofthosewho________fortheposition.A.fit B.fits C.arefit D.isfit14.Sheisoneofthe________writerswho________storiesforchildren.A.woman;write B.women;write C.woman;writes D.women;writes15.There________agroupofchildren________loudlyoutsidetheroom.A.was;talking B.were;totalk C.was;totalk D.were;weretalking16.Theprofessorandwriter________togiveusareport.A.is B.isaboutgoing C.aregoing D.havecome17.Mymaths________allright.what________memostisEnglish.A.are;worried B.seem;isworrying C.is;worries D.seems;worry18.Noneofthem________agooddancer.A.is B.are C.become D.were19.________haveanEnglish-Chinesedictionary.A.Eachofus B.Nooneofus C.Everyoneofus D.Weeach20.NobodybutMaryandI________intheroomatthetime.A.am B.was C.were D.hadbeen二、作文你的英國朋友Chris目前在北京學(xué)習(xí)漢語，他對(duì)中國傳統(tǒng)文化非常感興趣。本周五下午你校將要舉辦一個(gè)文化講座，請(qǐng)你根據(jù)以下信息提示給他寫一封電子郵件，邀請(qǐng)他來參加。1.農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)張教授講解中國茶文化的歷史和傳播；2.講座后有交流和品茶活動(dòng)；3.你將陪同Chris并幫其翻譯講解。注意：詞數(shù)不少于50；2.可適當(dāng)增加細(xì)節(jié)，以使行文連貫；3.開頭和結(jié)尾已給出，不計(jì)入總詞數(shù)。HiChris,Yours,Joe三、閱讀理解NotallbodiesofwateraresoevidentlyaliveastheAtlanticOcean,anS-shapedbodyofwatercovering33millionsquaremiles.TheAtlantichas,inasense,replacedtheMediterraneanastheinlandseaofWesterncivilization.Unlikerealinlandseas,whichseemstrangelystill,theAtlanticisrichinoceanicliveliness.Itisperhapsnotsurprisingthatitsvitalityhasbeenmuchwrittenaboutbyancientpoets.“StormatSea”,ashortpoemwrittenaround700,isgenerallyregardedasoneofmankind’searliestartisticrepresentationsoftheAtlantic.WhenthewindisfromthewestAllthewavesthatcannotrestTotheeastmustthunderonWherethebrighttreeofthesunIsrootedintheocean’sbreast.Asthepoemsuggests,theAtlanticisneverdeadanddull.Itisanoceanthatmoves,impressivelyandendlessly.Itmakesallkindsofnoise—itisforeverthundering,boiling,crashing,andwhistling.ItiseasytoimaginetheAtlantictryingtodrawbreath—perhapsnotsonoticeablyoutinmid-ocean,butwhereitmeetsland,itswatersbathingupanddownasandybeach.Itmimics(模仿)nearlyperfectlythesteadybreathingofalivingcreature.Itisfilledwithsymbioticexistences,too;unimaginablequantitiesofcreatures,littleandlargealike,mixwithinitsdepthsinakindofoceanicharmony,givingtothewatersafeelingofheartbeat,akindofsub-oceanvitality.Andithasapsychology.Ithaspersonalities:sometimespeacefulandpleasant,onrareoccasio