高考英語 閱讀理解之詞義猜測題

閱讀理解（詞義猜測題）刷大題、提能力1.（2023·廣東深圳·高三統(tǒng)考期末）Ontheoutside,12-year-oldLunaseemslikeyouraveragekid.It'snotuntilyougettoknowherthatyoulearnthatLunaisanythingbutaverage.Bomwithaheartdefect(缺陷)calleddextrocardia,Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.ButwhenLunawasapproachedbyathleticshoecompanySauconytodesignashoeforsaleacrossthecountry,itcameasquiteasurprise.“Thisissoincredible.IgottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnewthatI'dneverthoughtI'dbeabletodesign,“Lunasaid.SheisoneofsixpatientsfromBostonChildren'sHospital(BCH)whohavepartneredwithSauconytodesigntheirownshoetolaunchtheShoeswithSoulcampaign.“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH,“saysChris,Saucony'svicepresident.“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”Luna'sdesignisfashion.uOnthetongue,theydigitalizedoneofmydrawings,andthenonbottomit'sareallybrightpinkcolor,andontheinside,thesoleoftheshoeisactuallyanotherdrawingIdidofasunset,“shesaid."Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.Itblowsmymind.”TheincomefromtheshoesaleswillbenefittheBostonChildren'sHospitalCardiacFitnessProgram,whichencourageskidsto“findyourpossible"throughpersonalizedexerciseprogramstailoredforeachindividualpatient'sheartcondition.“Itfeelsreallygoodtohelppeopleandit'sreallysomethingIcanrelateto,“saysLuna.“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.Therearealotofkidsouttherewithyourconditionandyou'renotalone.”1．WhatcanwelearnfromChris'words?A．It'sunwisetoraisemoney.B．It'soptionaltoseekdonations.C．It'swonderfultostudyart.D．It'snecessarytoshowkids'talents.2．WhatdoesLunameanby“Itblowsmymind"inparagraph5?A．I'moverjoyed. B．['mveryserious.C．Mymindgoesblank. D．Mymindisracing.3．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesLuna?A．Giftedanddetermined. B．Generousandserious.C．Gratefulandhelpful. D．Creativeandsensitive.4．Whatisthetextmainlyintendedtodo?A．Tellusastoryofadisabledgirl.B．Setagoodexampletothedisabled.C．LaunchSaucony'snewbrandshoes.D．Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.【答案】1．D2．A3．A4．D【分析】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講述了一個有著先天性心臟缺損的12歲孩子Luna沒有選擇放棄，而是與Saucony公司合作，用自己的藝術天賦和堅持，設計出了自己的鞋子，發(fā)起“Shoeswithsoul（有靈魂的鞋子）”活動，最終通過這項活動來幫助其他患有心臟疾病的人。1．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段“Ratherthanjustadonation,wewantedtocreateanexperienceandamomentthatwouldnotonlyraisemoney,butalsoawarenesstohighlightalltheamazingworkthat'sbeingdoneatBCH”（不僅僅是捐款，我們想創(chuàng)造一種體驗和時刻，不僅是為了籌集資金，也是為了讓人們意識到BCH正在做的所有了不起的工作）和“Specifically,wewantedtogivesomeoftheBCHkidsanopportunitytosharetheirstoryandtheirtalentswiththeworld.”（特別地，我們想給BCH的孩子們一個機會，與世界分享他們的故事和他們的才能。）可知，展示孩子的才能是必要的。故選D。2．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)文章第五段Luna的話“Thinkingaboutkidseverywherearoundtheworldwearingmyshoeisamazing.”（想到世界各地的孩子都穿著我的鞋，真是太棒了。）可找到關鍵詞amazing，表示“驚人的，了不起的”，可知，Luna覺得若是每個孩子都能穿上她設計的鞋子，是一件令她高興驚喜的事。因此推斷“Itblowsmymind”表明Luna是極為高興的。故選A。3．推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段的“continuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion”（繼續(xù)追求她在藝術和時尚方面的興趣）、第三段的“Igottousemyartandcreativityforsomethingnew”（我開始用我的藝術和創(chuàng)造力去做一些新的事情）以及第四段的“sharetheirstoryandtheirtalents”（分享他們的故事和他們的天賦）可以看出Luna是有才華，有天賦的（talented/gifted），又根據(jù)文章第二段“Lunahashadthreeopen-heartoperationsandcontinuestopursueherinterestsinartandfashion.”（Luna做過三次心臟手術，并繼續(xù)追求她對藝術和時尚的興趣。）以及最后一段“TheadviceIwouldgiveakidorsomeonelikemeisnevergiveup.”（我給孩子或像我這樣的人的建議是永遠不要放棄。）可以看出Luna是意志堅定的（determined）。故選A。4．主旨大意題。全文圍繞“Luna是如何參與到這個活動的？”“這個活動是什么內容？”“活動的目的是什么？”以及“活動有什么重要意義？”“Luna想通過這個活動傳遞什么？”來講述。因此推斷D項：Introduceacampaignwithkidpatients.（介紹一項針對兒童患者的活動）是文章的目的。故選D。2.（2023·吉林長春·高三階段練習）Haveyoueverbeenfacedwithtryingtostaypositivewhenothersaroundyouarenegative?Anegativepersoncanbringyoudownandthrowyourpositiveplansoutofthewindow.Whetheryoudealwithafamilymember,friendorco-workerwhoisnegative,therearethingsyoucandotoremainpositiveinthefaceofnegativity?Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.AssoonasItaketheapproachofbeinginoppositiontothem,thesituationgetsworsebeforeitgetsbetter.Sometimesthebestthingtodoisremainsilentandletnegativitypass.Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.Anegativepersonisusuallyafraidheisunlovable.Howdoyoushowlovewhensomeoneisnegative?Youmustlistentowhatheistryingtotellyou.Acknowledgethefeelingshehasbysayingsomethinglike,“Yousoundveryangryrightnow.”Howmightyouhelpanegativeperson?Offerahugevenifyougetrejected.Anegativepersonoftenhasdifficultyacceptinglovefromothers.Ifyouhavenegativepeopleonyourlifewhoareaffectingyourmentalandphysicalhealth,youneedtodecidewhetherornotyouwantthesepeopleinyourlife.Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.However,somepeople,suchasyourchildren,aredifficulttoremovefromyourlife,inthiscase,professionalcounseling(咨詢)maybetheanswer.5．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“crabby”inPara.2mean?A．Quiteexcited. B．Verylonely.C．Easilyannoyed. D．Highlyoptimistic.6．What’sthemainideaofPara.3?A．Negativepeopleneedcare.B．Negativepeoplemakeushappy..C．Negativepeoplecanbehurteasily.D．Negativepeoplearehardtogetalongwith.7．Whatdoestheauthorsuggestdoing?A．Focusingonpositivethings.B．Tryingtochangenegativethoughts.C．Controllingourownnegativethoughts.D．Stayingawayfromsomenegativepeople.8．Inwhichsectionofamagazinecanwemostprobablyreadthetext?A．Health B．RelationshipsC．Lifestyles D．Entertainment.【答案】5．C6．A7．D8．B【分析】本文是一篇說明文。作者建議“遠離一些消極的人?！碑斈阒車娜硕己芟麡O的時候，你有沒有試著保持積極?一個消極的人會把你打倒，把你的積極計劃扔出窗外。無論你面對的是消極的家人、朋友還是同事，你都可以做些事情來保持積極的心態(tài)。5．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)上文Whateveryoudo,don’targuewithanegativeperson.Arguingonlyaddsfueltothefire.可知，不管你做什么，不要和消極的人爭論。爭論只會添油加醋。因此推斷劃線句意：Ihavenoticedwhenmychildrenarecrabby,itisbesttoavoidtryingtoconvincethemtoanalyzeandadjusttheirattitude.（我注意到，當我的孩子脾氣暴躁時，最好不要試圖說服他們去分析和調整自己的態(tài)度。）由此推知劃線詞的意思是“很容易生氣”。故選C。6．主旨大意題。根據(jù)第三段中Youknowhowdifficultitcanbetogiveloveandpositiveattentiontonegativepeople.Unfortunately,thatisoftenexactlywhattheyneed.（你知道給予消極的人愛和積極的關注是多么困難。不幸的是，這往往正是他們所需要的。）可知第三段講述的是“消極的人需要關心?！惫蔬xA。7．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中Somepeoplearesonegativethatyouhavenootherchoicebuttoremovethemfromyourlife.（有些人是如此消極，以至于你別無選擇，只能把他們從你的生活中移除。）可知，作者建議“遠離一些消極的人。”故選D。8．推理判斷題。根據(jù)全文內容可知，本文主要講了如果你周圍有一些消極的人，面對他們消極的態(tài)度，你如何保持積極的心態(tài)，怎樣去對待他們。我們最可能在雜志的“人際關系”欄目閱讀這篇文章。故選B。3.（2023·海南省直轄縣級·統(tǒng)考一模）GPShascompletelytransformedhowwegetaround.Butotheranimalshavelonghadtheirnavigation(領航)systemsbuiltrightin.“Weknowtheireyesarequitesensitivetopolarized(偏振的)lightandtheskyhasaparticularpatternofpolarizedlightrelativetothepositionofthesun,”BarbaraWebb,aresearcherattheUniversityofEdinburgh,says.Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.Webbsaystheinsectshavepolarizationlikethatbuiltintotheirmanyeyes.“Youcanthinkofitashavinglotsofsunglassespointingindifferentdirections.”ButWebbwascuriouswhetherthere’sreallyenoughinformationintheskytogiveinsectsanaccuratesenseofdirection.Soherteambuiltasensor(傳感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.Theythenputthatsensorintoamodelmeanttomodelthebrainsofdesertantsandotherinsects.Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.Asystembasedonthatofinsectscouldsomedaybeacheap,low-energychoicetoGPS.Insectshaveverytinybrains.Abrainthesizeofapinheadthat’susinghardlyanyenergy.Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.Webbisnowworkingonbuildingarobotthatcanuselighttogetitsdirections.9．Whatcanwelearnfromthetext?A．GPSisnotaccurateenough.B．Insectshavebettereyesthanhumans.C．Lightchangespassingthroughpolarizedsunglasses.D．Insectshavetinybrainsthatusenoenergy.10．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“simulate”inparagraph4probablymean?A．Pretend. B．Cover.C．Block. D．See.11．WhatdidWebb’sresearchfind?A．Insectscan’tfindtheirwaysduringnights.B．Insectscanfinddirectionswithlittlemistakes.C．Insectsalwaysmakemistakesfindingdirections.D．Insectshavesensingandprocessingequipmentintheireyes.12．Whichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeinsects’navigationability?A．Disappointing. B．Interesting.C．Amazing. D．Confusing.【答案】9．C10．A11．B12．C【分析】本文是說明文。文章告訴我們，研究發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲擁有與生俱來的導航能力。9．細節(jié)理解題。由文章第三段“Youcanseepolarizedlightfirsthandifyoutakeapairofpolarizedsunglassesandspinthemagainstthesky-thelightpassingthroughtheglasseschanges.”可知當把一副偏振光太陽鏡放在太陽底下旋轉的時候，你就能親眼看到偏振光了。光穿過偏振玻璃的時候會發(fā)生改變。選項C意為“光線在穿過偏振玻璃的時候會發(fā)生改變?！狈衔囊?。故選C項。10．詞義猜測題。文章第四段“Soherteambuiltasensor(傳感器)modeledafteradesertanteyeandputitunderartificiallightmeanttosimulatethesky.”可知，她的團隊模擬沙漠螞蟻的眼睛制作了傳感器，然后把它放到人造光下。人造光是來模擬天空的。本段Webb在模擬天空和沙漠螞蟻的大腦來研究天空是如何給予昆蟲方向感的。本段一直出現(xiàn)的詞是model即模擬?？赏茢噙@里把人造光源當做天空。A項意為“假裝”，符合文意。故選A項。11．推理判斷題。由文章第四段“Andtheyfoundthatwiththeinsects’sensingandprocessingequipment,theycanlikelysensedirectiondowntojustacoupledegreesoferror.”可知他們發(fā)現(xiàn)昆蟲通過自己的感知和處理設備，可以很好的識別方向且誤差還比較小。B項意為“昆蟲可以找到方向且很少有誤差。”符合文意。故選B項。12．推理判斷題。由文章最后一段“Andyetthey’restillabletonavigatebetterthanwecanwithGPS,whichissurprising.”可知昆蟲的導航能力比我們用GPS的導航能力還要好，這一點讓人很驚奇。文章對動物的導航能力是感到驚嘆的。C項符合文意。故選C項。4.（2023·甘肅酒泉·統(tǒng)考三模）Someyearsago,Michel-AndrefoundhimselfstaringatthebodyofadeadwhaleonabeachintheCanaryIslands.Itwasobviousthattheanimalhadbeenstruckviolentlybyaship——butwhy?Onlylater,aftersurveyingthewhaleswhichlivedintheareaandmeasuringtheincreaseofsoundpollutionfromshipsdiditbecomeclearthattherewasalink.Thewhaleshadbecomedesensitisedtothenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously.“Weneverthoughtthatthiscouldbesomethingthatcouldkill,”recalls(回憶)Andre,whoisthedirectoroftheLaboratoryofAppliedBioacousticsattheTechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,Barcelona.Andrehasspent20yearsdevelopinganadvancedsystemtobetterunderstandwhyincidentslikethishappen.Hisunderwatermicrophoneshaveexposedaworldofdeafeningsoundandanimalcommunicationneverobservedwithsuchclarity(清晰)before.Itwasnotaneasytask.Soundwavesdon'ttravelthroughwaterintheuniform,predictablewaytheydothroughtheair.Instead,thetemperature,salinity(鹽度)and,flowofwaterhavegreateffectsontheirpath.Whatcanbedone?Onesolutionistochangeshippingroutestocourseswhereshipsarestatisticallylesslikelytomeetanimals.It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.Asfordealingwiththerootcauseoftheproblem,theUN’sInternationalMaritimeOrganisationhasalreadypublishedguidelinesonhowtoquietenships,butitwillbeawhilebeforetheeffectsofsuchchangesmightbeobserved.“Theoceanisnotourworld,”commentsAndre.Butitisourstolookafter.Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.13．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“desensitised”inParagraph2mean?A．Stubborn. B．Flexible. C．Dull. D．Friendly.14．What’sonewaytosolvetheproblemaccordingtothetext?A．Tolowerthespeedofships.B．Toreducethenumberofships.C．Tosetuppreservesunderthesea.D．Togivetheinjuredanimalstimelytreatment.15．Whatistheauthor’sattitudetowardswhatMichelAndrehasdone?A．Doubtful. B．Disapproving. C．Positive. D．Uncaring.16．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?A．Agreatexpert. B．Noiseinthesea.C．Animalsinthesea. D．Seaexplorationtechnology.【答案】13．C14．A15．C16．B【分析】這是一篇說明文。文章主要講述了海底噪音對海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問題。13．詞義猜測題。根據(jù)劃線詞后的thenoiseofapproachingboatsandwerebeingstruckbythem,oftenseriously可知，鯨魚被靠近的船只碰撞，因為它們可能是對船只所產(chǎn)生的噪音比較“遲鈍”。故可知劃線部分單詞意思為“遲鈍的”。A.Stubborn.固執(zhí)的；B.Flexible.靈活的；C.Dull.遲鈍的；D.Friendly.友好的。故選C。14．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第五段中的It’salsopossibletoslowshipsdownto18km/horless,whichislesslikelytoseriouslyinjureawhale.（也有可能將船只減速到每小時18公里或更少，這樣就不太可能嚴重傷害鯨魚。）可知，降低船只速度是文中提到的一種解決辦法。故選A。15．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段中的Andthankstohiswork,wecanbetterunderstandtheeffectsofsubseasoundpollution.（由于他的工作，我們可以更好地了解海底聲音污染的影響。）可知，作者對MichelAndre所做的工作十分認可。故選C。16．主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章主要講述了海底噪音對海洋生物的影響以及如何降低海底噪音的問題，故B項最符合文章主旨。5.（2024屆浙江省強基聯(lián)盟高三仿真模擬卷）WilliamLindesay,renownedGreatWallexpertandconservationist,andhiswifeWuQihavetraveledacrosstheglobebythebackpaths,providingtheirsonsJimmyandTommyauniqueenvironmentforpersonalgrowth.Sunhats,backpacks,sneakersandtrekkingpoles—thesearetheday-to-daymust-havesofthefamily.ThisEast-meets-Westcouplestartedtravelingwhiletheiryoungersonwasstillinnappiesin2003.Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable,butthere’safeel-goodfactorwhenyoupassatestofsomekind,”Lindesaywroteinthefamily’snewlypublishedtravelmemoirPagesofDiscovery.Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.Childreninthisinternationalfamilydidnothavethesamepressuretoperformonschooltests,buttheyhad“homework”ontheroad.Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.Theyarenowplanningtofollowintheirfather’sfootstepswithanew4,500-kmhikeontheGreatWall.“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries,”Jimmysays.17．Whichofthefollowingbestdescribestheirtripsacrosstheworld?A．Hardandrisky. B．Uniqueyetstressful.C．Challengingandeducational. D．Leisurelyyetrewarding.18．Whatcanweinferaboutthecouplefromthetext?A．Theythinklittleofschooleducation.B．Theybelievetravelprovidesrealeducation.C．Theyasktheirsonstofollowtheircareerpath.D．Theyrequiretheirsonstoperformwellonschooltests.19．Whatdotheunderlinedwords“paydividends”meaninparagraph5?A．Bringadvantages. B．Payaprice.C．Improvescores. D．Makemistakes.20．Whatdoesthefamily’sstorytellus?A．Goodcompanyontheroadistheshortestcut.B．Goodhabitsformedatyouthmakeallthedifference.C．Ajourneyofathousandmilesbeginswithasinglestep.D．Itisbettertotravel10,000milesthantoread10,000books.【答案】17．C18．B19．A20．D【導語】這是一篇記敘文，文章講述了WilliamLindesay是著名的長城專家和自然環(huán)境保護主義者，他和妻子帶著孩子走遍世界各地，用實際行動踐行了“讀萬卷書不如行萬里路”。17．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中“Mostoftheirtrips,mostofwhicharefarfromthehotspotsrecommendedbytravelguidebooks,seemmorerigorousthanleisurely—heritagestudyintheMongoliandeserts,a53-kilometerhikingtourofNewZealand,aone-dayclimbofthreeEnglishsummitsandasix-daytrainridefromBeijingtoMoscow.(他們的大部分旅行都遠離旅游指南推薦的熱門景點，似乎比在蒙古沙漠中學習遺產(chǎn)、在新西蘭徒步旅行53公里、在英國攀登三座山峰一天以及從北京到莫斯科的六天火車旅行等悠閑的旅行要嚴格得多)”和第三段中“Realtravelmaybehard,uncertain,uncomfortable(真正的旅行可能是艱難的、不確定的、不舒服的)”可知，他們的很多旅行是具有挑戰(zhàn)性的；根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中“Theseexperiencescertainlyshapedtheirsons’charactersandinfluencedtheirchosenstudyatuniversity.Onereadworldhistory,theotherinternationalrelations.Thetwobrothersalsoshareaninterestinhistoricalmonuments,andtheGreatWallinparticular.(這些經(jīng)歷無疑塑造了他們兒子的性格，并影響了他們選擇在大學學習。一個讀世界歷史，另一個讀國際關系。這兩兄弟還對歷史遺跡，尤其是長城很感興趣)”可知，這些旅行經(jīng)歷對孩子來說有教育意義，故選C。18．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學習，他說，孩子們可能在學?？荚囍腥〉煤贸煽儯谶b遠的地方，在不同的語言、文字、政治結構和宗教信仰的外部世界的經(jīng)歷，才是真正的試驗場)”和第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores,willpaydividendsinlaterlife.(Wu讓她的兒子們寫旅行日記，收集車票，繪制地圖，總結旅行小貼士。她說，這樣的習慣雖然可能不會直接提高考試成績，但會在以后的生活中帶來好處)”可知，這對夫婦認為旅行能提供真正的教育，故選B。19．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)第五段中“Wuaskedhersonstowritetraveldiaries,collecttickets,drawmapsandsummarizetraveltips.(Wu讓她的兒子們寫旅行日記，收集車票，繪制地圖，總結旅行小貼士)”可知，Wu讓兒子這樣做應是對他們有好處，結合畫線詞所在句中“Shesayssuchhabits,thoughtheymightnotdirectlyimprovetestscores(她說，這樣的習慣雖然可能不會直接提高考試成績)”中though表達的讓步語氣可知，此處指這樣的習慣雖然可能不會直接提高考試成績，但會在以后的生活中帶來好處，paydividends意為“帶來好處”，故選A。20．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第四段“Lindesayattachesgreatimportancetolearningoutoftheclassroom,sayingthatchildrenmightscorewellonschooltests,butthatexperienceoftheworldoutside,indistantlands,withdifferentlanguages,scripts,politicalstructures,andreligiousbeliefs,istherealtestingground.(Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學習，他說，孩子們可能在學?？荚囍腥〉煤贸煽儯谶b遠的地方，在不同的語言、文字、政治結構和宗教信仰的外部世界的經(jīng)歷，才是真正的試驗場)”和最后一段中“Myparentsviewtheworldasabigclassroom,andmybrotherandIarethebiggestbeneficiaries(我的父母把世界看作一個大教室，我和哥哥是最大的受益者)”可知，Lindesay非常重視課堂外的學習，讓孩子們在旅行中受益，故這家人的故事告訴我們“讀萬卷書不如行萬里路”，故選D。6.（2023·四川成都·高三成都七中校考考試）Forthosewhocanstomachit,workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst,accordingtoastudyofmealtimingandphysicalactivity.Athletesandscientistshavelongknownthatmealtimingaffectsperformance.However,farlesshasbeenknownabouthowmealtimingandexercisemightaffectgeneralhealth.Tofindout,Britishscientistsconductedastudy.Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.Theytestedthemen’sfitnessandrestingmetabolic(新陳代謝的)ratesandtooksamples(樣品)oftheirbloodandfattissue.Then,ontwoseparatemorningvisitstothescientists’lab,eachmanwalkedforanhouratanaveragespeedthat,intheory,shouldallowhisbodytorelymainlyonfatforfuel.Beforeoneoftheseworkouts,themenskippedbreakfast,meaningthattheyexercisedonacompletelyemptystomachafteralongovernightfast(禁食).Ontheotheroccasion,theyatearichmorningmealabouttwohoursbeforetheystartedwalking.Justbeforeandanhouraftereachworkout,thescientiststookadditionalsamplesofthemen’sbloodandfattissue.Thentheycomparedthesamples.Therewereconsiderabledifferences.Mostobviously,themendisplayedlowerbloodsugarlevelsatthestartoftheirworkoutswhentheyhadskippedbreakfastthanwhentheyhadeaten.Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand,theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.Butitwastheeffectsdeepwithinthefatcellsthatmayhavebeenthemostsignificant,theresearchersfound.Multiplegenesbehaveddifferently,dependingonwhethersomeonehadeatenornotbeforewalking.Manyofthesegenesproduceproteins(蛋白質)thatcanimprovebloodsugarregulationandinsulin(胰島素)levelsthroughoutthebodyandsoareassociatedwithimprovedmetabolichealth.Thesegenesweremuchmoreactivewhenthemenhadfastedbeforeexercisethanwhentheyhadbreakfasted.Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.21．Theunderlinedexpression“stomachit”inParagraph1mostprobablymeans“______”.A．digestthemealeasily B．managewithoutbreakfastC．decidewiselywhattoeat D．eatwhateverisoffered22．Whywerethe10peoplechosenfortheexperiment?A．Theirlifestylesweretypicalofordinarypeople.B．Theirlackofexerciseledtooverweight.C．Theycouldwalkatanaveragespeed.D．Theyhadslowmetabolicrates.23．Whathappenedtothosewhoatebreakfastbeforeexercise?A．Theysuccessfullylostweight. B．Theyconsumedabitmorecalories.C．Theyburnedmorefatonaverage. D．Theydisplayedhigherinsulinlevels.24．Whatcouldbelearnedfromtheresearch?A．Aworkoutafterbreakfastimprovesgeneperformances.B．Toomuchworkoutoftenslowsmetabolicrates.C．Lifestyleisnotasimportantasmorningexercise.D．Physicalexercisebeforebreakfastisbetterforhealth.【答案】21．B22．A23．B24．D【分析】本文是說明文。文章介紹了一項研究，結果表明對于那些能忍受的人來說，不吃早餐鍛煉可能對健康更有益。21．詞句猜測題。根據(jù)下文workingoutbeforebreakfastmaybemorebeneficialforhealththaneatingfirst可知，早餐前鍛煉可能比先吃飯再鍛煉對健康更有益，因此推斷這里說的是那些不吃早飯先鍛煉的人，因此推斷劃線詞與B項“不吃早飯能應付”意思相近。故選B。22．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第三段的Theyfirstfound10overweightandinactivebutotherwisehealthyyoungmen,whoselifestylesare,forbetterandworse,representativeofthoseofmostofus.可知，他們首先找到了10個超重的，不活躍但健康的年輕人，他們的生活方式可以說更好，也可以說更糟，代表了我們大多數(shù)人。因此可知，實驗時選擇的10個人的生活方式代表了普通人。故選A。23．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第六段的Asaresult,theyburnedmorefatduringwalksonanemptystomachthanwhentheyhadeatenfirst.Ontheotherhand.theyburnedslightlymorecalories(卡路里),onaverage,duringtheworkoutafterbreakfastthanafterfasting.可知，結果，他們空腹散步時燃燒的脂肪比他們首先吃東西時所燃燒的脂肪要多。另一方面。平均而言，他們在早餐后鍛煉時燃燒的卡路里略多于禁食后。因此可知，鍛煉前吃早飯消耗更多一點的熱量。故選B。24．推理判斷題。根據(jù)最后一段Theimplicationoftheseresultsisthattogainthegreatesthealthbenefitsfromexercise,itmaybewisetoskipeatingfirst.可知，這些結果的暗示，為了從運動中獲得最大的健康益處，先不吃東西可能更明智。因此推斷早飯前的體育鍛煉對健康更有益。故選D。7.（2023·四川省綿陽南山中學?？奸_學考試）Mymotheralwaystoldme,“Youshouldexploreyourowncountrybeforesteppingoutintotheworld.”However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.MybestfriendsTrevor,JoelandJeremyandIimmediatelyjumpedattheopportunityandsecuredfourticketsonthegreatCanadianrailroad.Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwartsinHarryPotter.Althoughthethoughtofthreefulldaysonthosetrackscoveringcloseto3,000kilometrescrushedourspiritsalittle,whathappenednextcaughtusbysurprise.Thethreedaysonboardturnedintoasummercamponrails.Atnight,wewouldclimbuptheglass-domedtraincar,whichgaveusascenicviewofthestarrynightsky,untouchedbytheharmfullightpollution.Beforeweknewit,thewarmsunraysbeatingdownonourfaceswokeusupforanotherdayontherails.Tomysurprise,aseaofgoldengrainfieldsdominatedthelandscapewewereintheCanadianPrairies.Anotherdayslippedawayandwesetupforanothernightinthedome.Andthistimeweweregreetedbynightskypaintedbyafantasticthunderstorm.Lightningwasstrikingatanincrediblerate.Thespectacularandmemorablelightshowlefteveryoneintheglassbubbleincompletedisbelief.ArrivingintheRockyMountainswasoneofthemostsurrealexperiencesofmylife.Beforethetrainadventure,ifIcouldhaveskippedthetravelandarrivedatthedestination,Iwouldhave.Thatisnolongertrue.I’velearnedthatthejourneycanbemoreenjoyablethanthedestination.25．Whathasmadetheauthor’strainadventureacrossCanadaareality?A．Theencouragementgivenbyhismother. B．Theappealofthescenicviewsinthecountry.C．ThediscountticketofferedbyViaRailCanada. D．Hisgreatcouragetochallengeatoughmission.26．WhatcanweinferabouttheyoungpeoplefromParagraph2?A．Theywereexcitedaboutthecomingtrainjourney.B．Theylefttheirparentsforthefirsttimeintheirlife.C．Theyneverthoughtofhavingatrainadventure.D．TheywerehookedbythemagicstoryofHarryPotter.27．Whatdoes“theglassbubble”inthefourthparagraphreferto?A．Abraininlackofimagination. B．Theglass-domedtraincar.C．Asummercamponthetrain. D．Thesightseeingbus.28．WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromthetrainadventureacrossCanada?A．Opportunitiesarehardtoget. B．Enjoyingajourneycountsalot.C．Splendidsceneryattractsyoungpeople. D．Thetravelingexperienceisnotrealtohim.【答案】25．C26．A27．B28．B【分析】這是一篇記敘文。主要記敘了作者和朋友乘坐火車穿越加拿大的經(jīng)歷，描述了他們在路途中的所見所聞和感受。25．細節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中However,itseemslikeatoughmissiontotravelallacrossitsexpansivesurfaces.Butluckilyforme,ViaRailCanadaofferedyouthsbetweentheagesof18and25thechancetoridethetrainacrossCanadaforthemonthofJuly.Theticketwasabargain$150.可知然而，穿越它廣闊的表面似乎是一項艱巨的任務。但對我來說幸運的是，ViaRailCanada為18至25歲的年輕人提供了在7月份乘坐火車穿越加拿大的機會。票價便宜到150美元。由此可知，是加拿大Via鐵路公司提供的折扣票讓作者穿越加拿大的火車冒險變成了現(xiàn)實。故選C。26．推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中Foragroupof20-year-olds,thiswaslikethefirstflightofyoungbirdsfromthenest.Whenweapproachedthetrainstationinthemorning,our22-dayadventurefromSudburytoVancouverwastobegin.Eyesbaggyfromlackofsleep,wejumpedonboardasifitwasthetraintoHogwar