2021-2022學(xué)年高中英語外研版必修一練習(xí)：模塊素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)（五）

模塊素養(yǎng)培優(yōu)(五)Module5

i.單句語法填空

1.Thecomputerindustryhasexpanded(expand)greatlyoverthelast

decade.

2.Thisconclusion(conclude)comesfromoneoftwomajorstudiesthat

pointtoaglobalcrashinbirdnumbers.

3.Iwantedtoknowhowthestudentsreactedtomywordsandyour

reaction(react).

4.Boilingwaterisoftenusedtomaketea.Butasachild,youshould

drinkmoreboiledwaterinsteadoftea.(boil)

5.Theywereastonished(astonish)tofindthebuildingstillinitsoriginal

condition.

n.選詞填空

keep...down,becomeinterestedin,beproudof,besupposed

to,intheareaof

1.MadameCuriehadagreatcontributionintheareaofphysics.

2.Mybabyissleeping,andIreallywishshecouldkeephervoicedown.

3.Jackwasproudofhishighscoreintheexamination.

4.Whendidyoufirstbecomeinterestedininsects?

5.Atpresentheissupposedtobeintown.

m.完成句子

1.Itisimpossibleforhimtosleeponsuchasmallbed.

他睡在這么小的床上是不可能的。

2.Herecomesthebus.Let/sstandinaline.

公共汽車來了。我們排隊(duì)吧。

3.Putallthebillsinorderandthenaddupthecosts.

把所有的賬單整理好，然后把花費(fèi)加起來。

4.Onlyone-thirdoftheworkhasbeenfinishedtillnow.

到現(xiàn)在這項(xiàng)工作只完成了三分之一。

5.It'syourturntowashdishestoday;Igetsofedupwithyour

laziness.

今天輪到你洗碗了;我受夠了你的懶惰。

IV.閱讀理解

（2021?無錫高一檢測）

Howdoesanecosystemwork?Whatmakesthepopulationsof

differentspeciesthewaytheyare?Whyaretheresomanyfliesandso

fewwolves?Tofindananswer,scientistshavebuiltmathematical

modelsoffoodwebs,notingwhoeatswhomandhowmucheachone

eats.

Withsuchmodels,scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciples

operatinginfoodwebs.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistof

manyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.WhenapredatoH掠食動

物）alwayseatshugenumbersofasingleprey（獵物），thetwospecies

arestronglylinked;whenapredatorlivesonvariousspecies,theyare

weaklylinked.Foodwebsmaybedominatedbymanyweaklinks

becausethatarrangementismorestableoverthelongterm.Ifa

predatorcaneatseveralspecies,itcansurvivetheextinction（滅絕）of

oneofthem.Andifapredatorcanmoveontoanotherspeciesthatis

easiertofindwhenapreyspeciesbecomesrare,theswitchallowsthe

originalpreytorecover.Theweaklinksmaythuskeepspeciesfrom

drivingoneanothertoextinction.

Mathematicalmodelshavealsorevealedthatfoodwebsmaybe

unstable,wheresmallchangesoftoppredatorscanleadtobigeffects

throughoutentireecosystems.Inthe1960s,scientistsproposedthat

predatorsatthetopofafoodwebhadasurprisingamountofcontrol

overthesizeofpopulationsofotherspecies-includingspeciestheydid

notdirectlyattack.

Andunplannedhumanactivitieshaveprovedtheideaoftop-down

controlbytoppredatorstobetrue.Intheocean,wefishedfortop

predatorssuchascodonanindustrialscale,whileonland,wekilled

offlargepredatorssuchaswolves.Theseactionshavegreatlyaffected

theecologicalbalance.

Scientistshavebuiltanearly-warningsystembasedon

mathematicalmodels.Ideally,thesystemwouldtelluswhentoadapt

humanactivitiesthatarepushinganecosystemtowardabreakdownor

wouldevenallowustopullanecosystembackfromtheborderline.

Preventioniskey,scientistssay,becauseonceecosystemspasstheir

tippingpoint（l|缶界點(diǎn)），itisremarkablydifficultforthemtoreturn.

【文章大意】本文主要講述了科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)建立了一個基于食物網(wǎng)的

數(shù)學(xué)模型預(yù)警系統(tǒng)，該系統(tǒng)揭示食物鏈中的生態(tài)平衡和破壞的原理

和提醒人們應(yīng)該保護(hù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

1.Whathavescientistsdiscoveredwiththehelpofmathematicalmodels

offoodwebs?

A.Thelivinghabitsofspeciesinfoodwebs.

B.Therulesgoverningfoodwebsoftheecosystems.

C.Theapproachestostudyingthespeciesintheecosystems.

D.Thedifferencesbetweenweakandstronglinksinfoodwebs.

【解析】選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段

BoWithsuchmodels,

scientistshavefoundoutsomekeyprinciplesoperatinginfoodwebs.可

知，通過這些模型，科學(xué)家們發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些在食物網(wǎng)中起作用的關(guān)鍵

原理。由此可見，科學(xué)家借助于食物網(wǎng)的數(shù)學(xué)模型發(fā)現(xiàn)了控制生態(tài)

系統(tǒng)食物網(wǎng)的規(guī)則。

2.Astronglinkisfoundbetweentwospecieswhenapredator

A.hasawidefoodchoice

B.caneasilyfindnewprey

C.stickstoonepreyspecies

D.canquicklymovetoanotherplace

【解析】選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段

CoIfapredatorcaneat...

preytorecover.可知如果一個捕食者可以吃幾個物種，它就可以在

其中一個物種滅絕后幸存下來。如果一個捕食者可以轉(zhuǎn)移到另一個物

種，當(dāng)一個捕食物種變得稀少時，更容易找到這個物種，那么這

個轉(zhuǎn)換就允許原來的捕食者恢復(fù)。由此可見，當(dāng)食肉動物粘在一個

捕食物種上時，發(fā)現(xiàn)兩個物種之間有一個很強(qiáng)的聯(lián)系。

3.Whatwillhappenifthepopulationsoftoppredatorsinafoodweb

greatlydecline?

A.Thepreyspeciestheydirectlyattackwilldieout.

B.Thespeciestheyindirectlyattackwillturnintotoppredators.

C.Thelivingenvironmentofotherspecieswillremainunchanged.

D.Thepopulationsofotherspecieswillexperienceunexpectedchanges.

【解析】選推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句可知數(shù)學(xué)模型還

Do

表明，食物網(wǎng)可能是不穩(wěn)定的，頂部食肉動物的微小變化可能導(dǎo)致

整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的巨大影響。由此可見，如果食物網(wǎng)中頂級食肉動物

的數(shù)量大幅度下降，其他物種的種群將經(jīng)歷意想不到的變化。

4.WhatconclusioncanbedrawnfromtheexamplesinParagraph4?

A.Uncontrolledhumanactivitiesgreatlyupsetecosystems.

B.Rapideconomicdevelopmentthreatensanimalhabitats.

C.Speciesofcommercialvaluedominateotherspecies.

D.Industrialactivitieshelpkeepfoodwebsstable.

【解析】選推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段可知無計(jì)劃的人類活動

Ao

證明了頂級掠食者自上而下控制的想法是正確的。在海洋中，我們

在工業(yè)規(guī)模上捕撈頂級掠食者，如鱷魚，而在陸地上，我們殺死

大型掠食者，如狼。這些行動大大影響了生態(tài)平衡。由此可見，不

受控制的人類活動極大地破壞了生態(tài)系統(tǒng)。

V.語法填空

(2021?大連高一檢測)

Akindofinsectgetsitsnameforthebodyshape,which

resemblesalongstick.Suchanamazing1.(appear)helpsit

successfullyhidefrompredators甘甫食者)inthebranchesoftrees.These

creatures2.(call)stickinsects.Oftencalledwalkingsticks,

theyliveoneverycontinentexceptAntarctica.Theycanbesmallerthan

aninchorlongerthan3.18-inchruler.

Therearesomeotherwaysstickinsectsusetodefend4.

(they).Somecanhitattackerswiththeirspinylegs.Othersspray

somethinginnotime5.burnsanattacker/seyes.Andsome

justtastebad.ThePeruvianstickinsectisoneofthem.Thisstickinsectis

6.(easy)toseebecauseithasred,yellow,andblack

markingsthanothers.Thesebrightcolorsareawarningtopredators,

whoknowitdischargessomethingwithanunpleasantsmellwhen7.

________(attack).

Stickinsectsaremostlynocturnal,whichmeanstheyareactiveat

night,whentheyspendtheirtimeeatingleaves.Darknessmakesit

harderformostpredators8.(discover)them.However,

darknessdoesn/tprotectstickinsects9.onesupersetof

insecthunters,insect-eatingbats.Thesebatsuseecholocation(回聲定

位)t。findyummybugdinners.Andstickinsectsare10.

(absolute)onthemenuassomethingthesebatswanttoeat!

【文章大意】這是一篇說明文，文章介紹了竹節(jié)蟲的有關(guān)情況，包括

生活習(xí)性、自我保護(hù)以及天敵等。

1.【解析】appearance?？疾槊~。句意：這樣一個驚人的外觀幫助

它成功躲避開樹枝上的捕食者。sucha/an+adj.+n.意為"如此……",故

此處應(yīng)用的名詞形式。故填

"appear”"appearance"appearanceo

【解析】考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意：這些生物被稱為竹

2.arecalledo

節(jié)蟲。主語Thesecreatures與call之間存在動賓關(guān)系，生物被稱為竹

節(jié)蟲，是被動關(guān)系，根據(jù)上一句的helps可知時態(tài)為一般現(xiàn)在時，主語

為第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用are+過去分詞。故填arecalled。

【解析】考查冠詞。句意：它們可以小于英寸，也可以長

3.ano1

于18英寸的尺子。這里是泛指，且eighteen為元音音素開頭，用不定

冠詞故填

an,ano

.【解析】考查反身代詞。句意：竹節(jié)蟲還有其他一些

4themselveso

保護(hù)自己的方法。空格為defend的賓語，主語是第三人稱復(fù)數(shù)，保護(hù)

它們自己，故用反身代詞themselves。故填themselves。

5.【解析】thato考查定語從句關(guān)系詞。句意：還有一些竹節(jié)蟲會

立即噴灑一些東西，灼傷攻擊者的眼睛。先行詞為something,在從句

中作主語，用that弓|導(dǎo)，故填that。

6.【解析】easiero考查形容詞的比較級。句意：這種竹節(jié)蟲相對于

其他的種類更容易看見，因?yàn)樗屑t色、黃色和黑色的斑紋。這是一

個比較句型,than前面要用形容詞/副詞的比較級，故此處應(yīng)為easy的

比較級easier（更容易）。故填easiero

7.【解析】attacked..考查語態(tài)。句意：這些鮮艷的顏色是對捕食者

的警告，因?yàn)椴妒痴咧浪谑艿焦魰r，會釋放出一種難聞的氣

味。當(dāng)它們被攻擊的時候釋放氣體，"被攻擊〃用被動語態(tài)。這是when

sb./sth.bedone的省略形式，主句與從句的主語一致，可以省略為

whendone（當(dāng)被……的時候）。故填attackedo

8.【解析】todiscover.,考查非謂語動詞。句意：黑暗使得大多數(shù)捕

食者很難發(fā)現(xiàn)它們。discover（發(fā)現(xiàn)），動詞不定式結(jié)構(gòu)氣。+動詞原形"

作真正賓語,it為形式賓語，故填todiscovero

9.【解析】from/against0考查固定搭配。句意：然而，黑暗并不能

保護(hù)竹節(jié)蟲不受一種超級捕食昆蟲一一蝙蝠的傷害。protectsb.

from/against（保護(hù)某人免受……）,此處為保護(hù)竹節(jié)蟲免受蝙蝠的傷害。

故填from或者againsto

10.【解析】absolutely..考查副詞。句意：竹節(jié)蟲絕對是這些蝙蝠

想吃的東西!空格處為副詞作狀語，修飾be動詞，故此空應(yīng)填

的副詞形式。故填

“absolute"absolutelyo

VI.微寫作

根據(jù)下面的提示，寫一篇80詞左右的短文，介紹有關(guān)"不打破雞

蛋除去蛋殼”的實(shí)驗(yàn)報告。

實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)康模翰淮蚱齐u蛋除去蛋殼。

實(shí)驗(yàn)儀器和材料：一個玻璃杯、一個小煮鍋(saucepan)、水、一

個雞蛋、約250毫升醋(vinegar)。

實(shí)驗(yàn)步驟：

1.先把雞蛋放在煮鍋中煮15分鐘左右；

2.把雞蛋放在玻璃杯中；

3.往玻璃杯中倒醋，醋要漫過雞蛋；

4.把雞蛋泡在醋中24小時。

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:24小時后蛋殼完全消失。

實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)論：醋中的酸性物質(zhì)(acid)與蛋殼中的碳酸鈣(CaCCh)反應(yīng)

生成二氧化碳(C02),蛋殼消失。

核心要點(diǎn)提示：

①Theaimofthisexperimentistoremove...

(2)Youneedthefollowingsubstances...

③boiltheeggforabout...

④placetheeggin...

⑤Theconclusionisthat...

【參考范文】

Theaimofthisexperimentistoremovetheshellfromanegg

withoutbreakingit.Youneedthefollowingsubstances:aglass,a

smallsaucepan,water,aneggandabout250mlvinegar.

First,boiltheeggforaboutfifteenminutesinthesaucepan.

Next,placetheeggintheglassandcoveritwithvinegar.Afterthat,

leavetheegginthevinegarfor24hours.

Theconclusionisthat24hourslater,theshelldisappears

completely.TheshellismostlymadeofCaCChandthevinegarincludes

acid.TheeggshelldissolvesbecauseCaCOsreactswithacidtoform

CO2.

蜀閱讀理解

Sixyearsagoattheageof35,IsuddenlydecidedIwantedtolearn

thecell。（大提琴）.StraightawayIrentedaninstrumentandappeared

beforeWendellMargrave,professorofmusicalinstruction.

“Youcanbeasgoodasyouwanttobe,"Margravesaidrather

mysteriously.OnapieceofpaperhedrewthenotesEandF.He

showedmewheretoputmyfingersontheneckofthecelloandhowto

drawthebow.Thenheenteredmynameinhisbook:10am,

Tuesday.TuesdayfollowedTuesday,andsoonitwasspring.

Thusbeganmyvoyageoutofignoranceandintothedream.E-F,

E-F,weplayedtogether-andmovedontoG.Itwasahappytime.I

wasagainbecomingsomethingnew,andnolongertrappedasthe

sameperson.Surelythemostterriblerecognitionofmiddlelifeisthat

wearepastchanging.Wedowhatwecanalreadydo.Thecellowas

somethingIcouldn/tdo.YeteachTuesdaythisbecamelessandless

true.Ridinghomeonthebusonesnowynightandlearningthescore

ofMozart'sC-MajorQuintet,Ifeltthepageburstintomusicinmy

hands.Icouldbythenmoreorlessreadascore,andwas

humming（哼唱）thecelloline,whensuddenlyallfivepartscame

togetherharmonicallyinmyhead.Thefellowsittingoppositestared.

Imethisglancewithtears,actuallyhearingthemusicinmyheadfor

thefirsttime.Couldhehearittoo,perhaps?No,hegotoffatthe

nextstop.

Astheyearsslippedby,mydaughtergrewup,playingthepiano

well.MygoalwasthatsheandIwouldonedayperformtogether.I

alsowantedtoperforminpublicwithandformypeers,andtobe

secretlyenvied.Icontinuedtoplay,toperform,butitisnotthe

same.Before,whenIheardacell。，itwasallbeautyandlight.

Now,astheTVcameragetsclosetoRostropovich'sface,Irecognize

thathissmileshowshisincredibledetermination.Evenforhim,the

celloisadifficultinstrumentthatdoesn/trespecthisambitions.I

pickedupmycelloandpracticed.AsgoodasIwantedtobe,Iamas

goodasI'mgoingtoget.Itisgoodenough.

【文章大意】本文講的是六年前，作者35歲的時候突然決定要學(xué)習(xí)

大提琴，她就這樣開始了學(xué)習(xí)旅程，從無知到進(jìn)入夢想，隨著歲月的

流逝，作者的女兒長大了，鋼琴彈得很好。作者的目標(biāo)是有一天和女

兒一起表演。

1.Fromthefirsttwoparagraphs,wecanlearnthat.

A.theauthoralreadyknewsomecellobasics

B.theauthorwenttoacellolessoneveryTuesday

C.theauthorboughtacelloaftershedecidedtolearnit

D.WendellMargravewasafamousbutmysteriousprofessor

【解析】選細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中

Bo“Thenheenteredmyname

inhisbook:10am,Tuesday.TuesdayfollowedTuesday,andsoon

itwasspring."可知，作者每個星期二去上大提琴課。

2.Theauthorwritesthat“Itwasahappytime."inParagraph3mainly

because.

A.shefeltveryboredw