2024年高考英語(yǔ)微專(zhuān)題練習(xí)39語(yǔ)法填空+閱讀理解含解析

PAGEPAGE7練習(xí)39語(yǔ)法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空2024·牡丹江一中月考186詞★★★☆☆Tianwen1,China'sfirst1.________(independence)Marsmission,waslaunchedonJuly23atWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinHainanProvince,thus2.________(begin)thenation'splanetary(行星的)explorationprogram.Ifeverythinggoesaccording3.________schedule,the5-metric-tonspacecraft,consistingofanorbiter(軌道飛行器)andalandingcapsule,will4.________(travel)morethan400millionkilometersbeforegetting5.________(catch)inMars'gravitationalfield.Themission'smaingoalisfortherovertomakeasoftlandingonMartiansoiltomakescientificsurveys.Thespacecrafthasbeguntoconduct6.________(experiment)withtheMarsEnergeticParticleAnalyzer,mounted(安置)ontheorbiter,whichhasalreadytransmitteddatabacktothegroundcontrol.Itisthefirstofthe13scientificdevicesontheprobeto7.________(start)operationsandwillbe8.________longest-workingdeviceduringthejourneytowardMars'gravitationalfield.OnJuly27,Tianwen1sentaphotobacktothegroundcontrolofEarthandthemoonthatwas9.________(take)byitsopticalnavigationsensorwhenthecraftwasabout1.2millionkilometersfromEarth.Thatphotoisthefirstimagefromthespacecraft10.________hasbeenmadepublic.Ⅱ.閱讀理解A2024·全國(guó)甲卷說(shuō)明文325詞★★★★☆Goffin'scockatoos,akindofsmallparrotnativetoAustralasia,havebeenshowntohavesimilarshape-recognitionabilitiestoahumantwo-year-old.Thoughnotknowntousetoolsinthewild,thebirdshaveprovedskilfulattoolusewhilekeptinthecage.Inarecentexperiment,cockatooswerepresentedwithaboxwithanutinsideit.Theclearfrontoftheboxhada“keyhole”inageometricshape,andthebirdsweregivenfivedifferentlyshaped“keys”tochoosefrom.Inserting,thecorrect“key”wouldletoutthenut.Inhumans,babiescanputaroundshapeinaroundholefromaroundoneyearofage,butitwillbeanotheryearbeforetheyareabletodothesamewithlesssymmetrical(對(duì)稱(chēng)的)shapes.Thisabilitytorecognizethatashapewillneedtobeturnedinaspecificdirectionbeforeitwillfitiscalledan“allocentricframeofreference”.Intheexperiment,Goffin'scockatooswereabletoselecttherighttoolforthejob,inmostcases,byvisualrecognitionalone.Wheretrial-and-errorwasused,thecockatoosdidbetterthanmonkeysinsimilartests.ThisindicatesthatGoffin'scockatoosdoindeedpossessanallocentricframeofreferencewhenmovingobjectsinspace,similartotwo-year-oldbabies.Thenextstep,accordingtotheresearchers,istotryandworkoutwhetherthecockatoosrelyentirelyonvisualclues(線(xiàn)索),oralsouseasenseoftouchinmakingtheirshapeselections.1．Howdidthecockatoosgetthenutfromtheboxintheexperiment?A．Byfollowinginstructions.B．Byusingatool.C．Byturningtheboxaround.D．Byremovingthelid.2．Whichtaskcanhumanone-year-oldsmostlikelycompleteaccordingtothetext?A．Usingakeytounlockadoor.B．Tellingparrotsfromotherbirds.C．Puttingaballintoaroundhole.D．Groupingtoysofdifferentshapes.3．Whatdoesthefollow-uptestaimtofindoutaboutthecockatoos?A．Howfartheyareabletosee.B．Howtheytrackmovingobjects.C．Whethertheyaresmarterthanmonkeys.D．Whethertheyuseasenseoftouchinthetest.4．Whichcanbeasuitabletitleforthetext?A．Cockatoos：QuickErrorCheckersB．Cockatoos：IndependentLearnersC．Cockatoos：CleverSignal-ReadersD．Cockatoos：SkilfulShape-SortersB2024·湖北七校聯(lián)考爭(zhēng)論文325詞★★★☆☆Standinginmyoffice25yearsagowasanunknown,newlyrisingastronomerwithahalf-smileonherface.Shehadcomewithademandthatmyteamchangeourtestedsoftwaretomakeoneofourmostimportantandin-demandscientificinstrumentsdosomethingithadneverbeendesignedfor,andriskbreakingitdown.Alltocarryoutanexperimentthatwasbasicallyawasteoftimeandcouldn'tbedone—toprovethatamassiveblackholehidatthecenterofourMilkyWay.Myinitial“noway”graduallygavewayinthefaceofhercheerfulbutfirmdetermination.Itwasmyfirstencounterwithaforceofnature,AndreaGhez,oneofthreewinnersoftheNobelPrizeforPhysicsin2024.ThatdeterminationandthewillingnesstotakecalculatedriskshasalwayscharacterizedAndrea.For25yearsshehasfocusedalmostonlyonSagittariusA—thenameofourownlocalsupermassiveblackhole.AndAndreaisoneofthegreatpioneersinthissearchwithoutquestion.AndreadidherworkattheW．M.KeckObservatory'stwintelescopesonMaunakea,Hawaii.ShestartedusingtheveryfirstinstrumentlicensedonKeckObservatory'sNearInfraredCamera(NIRC).NIRCwasneverdesignedtodowhatAndreaneededbutshewasnottobedenied.Anditworked!Itwasextremelyhardandtime-consumingtomakesenseofthedata,butAndreapersisted.AsAndreawouldbetheveryfirsttoacknowledge,thisvictoryrepresentsthecombinedeffortsofsomany.Butactuallyonepersonhadtheideafortheresearch.Onepersonhadthechutzpah(無(wú)所顧忌)toproposeitandonepersonhadthedeterminationandfocustomakeithappen,notdiscouragedbyallwhosaiditwasawasteoftime.ThatpersonisAndreaGhez,winnerofthe2024NobelPrizeforPhysics.5．WhatdidtheauthorthinkofAndreaGhez'srequestatfirst?A．It'sdemanding.B．It'sinteresting.C．It'sacceptable.D．It'smeaningless.6．WhatdowelearnaboutAndreaGhez'sresearchfromParagraph2?A．Ittakesdecadesofefforts.B．Itdealswithpowerofnature.C．It'sapurelyindividualproject.D．It'saboutmeasurementofahole.7．WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesAndreaGhez'sworkinHawaii?A．Dangerous.B．Pleasant.C．Challenging.D．Fruitless.8．WhatdowelearnfromAndreaGhez'ssuccess?A．Itisrewardingtocooperate.B．Theoldmethodsstillworktoday.C．Itpaystoputtheoryintopractice.D．Persistenceleadstosuccess.答題策略語(yǔ)法填空——名詞名詞題的解題步驟例題Chengduhasdozensofnewmillionaires,Asia'sbiggestbuilding,andfancynewhotels.Butfortouristslikeme,pandasareitstop________(attract)．步驟①依據(jù)空白處所填詞在句中的成分或作定語(yǔ)的限定詞推斷是否該填名詞(多考查名詞在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)，名詞還可以作同位語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ))②結(jié)合句意確定選擇何種名詞形式③確定名詞的數(shù)答案attraction所填詞在句中作表語(yǔ)，并且有物主代詞its修飾，故應(yīng)用其名詞形式。結(jié)合句意，應(yīng)填attraction練習(xí)39語(yǔ)法填空＋閱讀理解Ⅰ.語(yǔ)法填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了中國(guó)設(shè)計(jì)的一款特地抵擋極端寒冷氣候的新型動(dòng)車(chē)組列車(chē)，并介紹了這種列車(chē)的特點(diǎn)和優(yōu)勢(shì)。1．答案與解析：designed考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：中國(guó)推出了一款特地抵擋極端寒冷氣候的新型動(dòng)車(chē)組列車(chē)。此處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，由于train和design之間是邏輯上的被動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞。故填designed。2．答案與解析：and考查連詞。句意為：它是由中國(guó)國(guó)家鐵路集團(tuán)有限公司開(kāi)發(fā)和運(yùn)營(yíng)的復(fù)興號(hào)系列電力動(dòng)車(chē)組的一部分。依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞developed和operated并列作后置定語(yǔ)修飾trains，故填and。3．答案與解析：connecting考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：該列車(chē)于1月6日在北京推出，將在一條新高速鐵軌上運(yùn)行，該鐵軌連接首都和東北部的各個(gè)目的地，包括沈陽(yáng)和哈爾濱——后者以每年的冰雪節(jié)而著名。句子的主干是“Thetrainwillrunonanewhigh-speedline，設(shè)空處應(yīng)用非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式作后置定語(yǔ)，由于line和connect之間是邏輯上的主動(dòng)關(guān)系，故應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞。故填connecting。4．答案與解析：its考查代詞。句看法上一題解析。此處應(yīng)用形容詞性物主代詞作定語(yǔ)，故填its。5．答案與解析：features考查動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)和主謂一樣。句意為：該列車(chē)的特點(diǎn)還有流線(xiàn)型的低阻力設(shè)計(jì)，用以降低能耗，以及靈巧的車(chē)身。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，設(shè)空處是謂語(yǔ)，此處介紹客觀(guān)狀況，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，且主語(yǔ)Thetrain是單數(shù)，故填features。6．答案與解析：by/from考查介詞。句意為：在國(guó)有報(bào)紙《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》的一篇報(bào)道中，中國(guó)鐵路北京局集團(tuán)有限公司北京動(dòng)車(chē)段朝陽(yáng)動(dòng)車(chē)運(yùn)用所所長(zhǎng)周松用一個(gè)類(lèi)比來(lái)說(shuō)明這種新型列車(chē)的制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)……由句意可知，報(bào)道是刊登在《中國(guó)日?qǐng)?bào)》上的，此處可以運(yùn)用介詞by，意為“由……所做”，或介詞from，意為“來(lái)自……”。故填by/from。7．答案與解析：coldest考查形容詞的比較等級(jí)。句意為：……假如該列車(chē)在中國(guó)最寒冷的城市之一——哈爾濱停上一個(gè)小時(shí)……依據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意可知，此處應(yīng)用形容詞的最高級(jí)形式，故填coldest。8．答案與解析：easily考查詞性轉(zhuǎn)換。句意為：……由于天氣極其寒冷，列車(chē)假如停止移動(dòng)一段時(shí)間，制動(dòng)系統(tǒng)很簡(jiǎn)單凍結(jié)。此處應(yīng)用副詞作狀語(yǔ)，修飾謂語(yǔ)canfreeze。故填easily。9．答案與解析：tokeep考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句意為：即使列車(chē)停下來(lái)，新系統(tǒng)也能使制動(dòng)器時(shí)時(shí)常地移動(dòng)，就像一個(gè)人在寒冷的天氣里跺腳保暖一樣。此處應(yīng)用不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)，故填tokeep。10．答案與解析：which考查定語(yǔ)從句。句意為：今日，中國(guó)擁有世界上最大的高鐵網(wǎng)絡(luò)，全長(zhǎng)超過(guò)3.7萬(wàn)千米。設(shè)空處引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，先行詞為railnetwork，指物，關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)，故填which。Ⅱ.閱讀理解A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，講解并描述了作者對(duì)人們放棄運(yùn)用自己的開(kāi)放辦公室，而選擇在共享辦公區(qū)域辦公的思索。1．答案與解析：A考查理解詳細(xì)信息的實(shí)力。依據(jù)第一段中的“Annoyedbythelevelofdistraction(干擾)inhisopenoffice”“That'swhyIhaveamembership...Icanfocus”可知，采訪(fǎng)者喜愛(ài)共享辦公區(qū)域的緣由是在共享辦公區(qū)域他更能集中精力。2．答案與解析：C考查理解詳細(xì)信息的實(shí)力。依據(jù)其次段中的“theparticipantsinthe70decibelsgroup...significantlyoutperformedtheothergroups”和第三段中的“thestudyalsosuggeststhattherightlev