2025版新教材高中英語(yǔ)Unit9HumanBiology課時(shí)作業(yè)六單元小測(cè)北師大版選擇性必修第三冊(cè)

課時(shí)作業(yè)(六)單元小測(cè)必備學(xué)問(wèn)基礎(chǔ)練進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練第一層Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．Beijingiscarryingoutthepolicyofgarbage________(分類).2．Theheartisanimportant________(器官)whosefunctionistopumpbloodtoallpartsofthebody.3．Ineedto________(計(jì)算出)ourexpensethismonth.4．Theplanreceived________(廣泛的)supportthroughoutthecountry.5．Theforeignmarketwasincreasingly________(至關(guān)重要的).6．Hervoicetrembledwith________(心情).7．Mywatchisnotvery________(精確的).IthinkIneedtorepairit.8．Theannouncement________(激起)astormofprotest.9．Tirednessisoneofthemostcommon________(癥狀)ofstress.10．Nearlyallthehouseslook________(完全相同的)here.Youcanhardlytellonefromanother.Ⅱ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Wewillhavea________(system)revisionattheendofthesemester.2．Peopleusuallycleanthehouse________(thorough)beforeNewYear.3．Shefeltvery________(depress)aboutthefuture.4．Thecompany'sexportshavebeenincreasing________(steady).5．Tolovesomeoneistoseeamiracle________(visible)toothers.6．Qingdaoisanattractivecity________(locate)ontheeasterncoastofChina.7．Michael'snewhouseislikeahugepalace,________(compare)withhisoldone.8．It'sverydifficulttotreat________(gene)diseases.9．Thereisawide________(vary)ofpatternstochoosefrom.10．Hemadean________(officially)visittoTokyoinMarch.Ⅲ.單句寫(xiě)作1．他把美式英語(yǔ)和英式英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行了比較。(drawaparallelbetween...and...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________2．這些橘子沒(méi)我上星期買(mǎi)的好。(beinferiorto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________3．這家商店就在市中心。(belocatedin)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________4．這些機(jī)器人過(guò)去一年都在試用當(dāng)中。(ontrial)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________5．她堅(jiān)決反對(duì)移居國(guó)外的想法。(beopposedto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6．大量食用垃圾食品會(huì)對(duì)兒童的健康構(gòu)成威逼。(poseathreatto)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________7．與去年相比，牛肉的價(jià)格上漲了。(incomparisonwith)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________8．據(jù)估計(jì)，英語(yǔ)中80%的談話都是閑談。(It'sestimatedthat...)________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________關(guān)鍵實(shí)力提升練進(jìn)階訓(xùn)練其次層Ⅰ.閱讀AIfyou'veeverhadadog,youknowjusthowdeepaconnectionyoucandevelopwith“man'sbestfriend”.Butadog'slifeismuchshorterthanhumans,about12to15yearslong,whichmeanseverydogownerhastogothroughtheheartbreakingmomentwhentheirlovingpetpassesaway.Whynotmakeacloneofthatdogthen?ThisisthesolutionofferedbyaSouthKoreancompany,SooamBiotechResearchFoundation.Thecompanyhasalreadysuccessfullyclonedatleast400dogs,mostlyforUScustomers,eversinceitpioneeredthetechniquein2005.Now,SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones.Tocloneadog,researchersfirstneedtotakeaskincellfromalivingdogoronethathasjustdied.Meanwhile,anotherdogisselectedtosupplyanegg.ResearchersthenreplacetheDNAintheeggwiththatfromtheskincellandimplanttheeggintothewomb(子宮)ofafemaledog.Theegggrowsintoapuppyoverthefollowingtwomonths.Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000.Butifyoucan'tafforditnow,youcanalsosavethecellinalaboratoryandaccessitatalaterdate.However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.Justlikeidenticaltwinsofhumans,theysharetheexactlysameDNAbuttherewillstillbesmalldifferencesbetweenthem.“ThespotsonaDalmatian(斑點(diǎn)狗)clonewillbedifferent,forexample，”InsungHwang,headofSooamBiotech,toldTheGuardian.Dogownerswillalsohavetoacceptthefactthatpersonalityisnot“cloneable”.Apartfromgenes,personalityisalsodeterminedbyupbringingandenvironment,whicharebothrandomelementsthatcloningtechnologiessimplycannotovercome,ProfessorTomKirkwoodatNewcastleUniversity,UK,toldTheTelegraph.Perhapsbringingourdogsbackbycloningisnotthebestwaytorememberthemafterall.Kirkwood,adogownerhimself,pointedout,“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo.”1．WhatservicedoesSooamBiotechResearchFoundationoffer?A．Makingcopiesofpetdogs.B．Givingpetdogsidenticaltwins.C．Helpingdogsgivebirthtomorepuppies.D．Helpingdogownerslovetheirdogsmore.2．Whichorderiscorrectinthedogcloningprocess?a．Aneggistakenfromanotherdog.b．Askincellistakenfromthepetdog.c．Theegggrowsintoapuppyintwomonths.d．Theeggisplacedinthewombofafemaledog.e．TheDNAintheeggisreplacedbytheDNAfromtheskincell.A．a(chǎn)→d→b→e→c.B．a(chǎn)→e→b→d→c.C．b→a→d→e→c.D．b→a→e→d→c.3．Whatcanwelearnaboutdogcloningfromthepassage?A．Ithasnotbeenputintopracticeuntilrecently.B．ItisverypopularamongUSandUKpetowners.C．Itmightnotgivetheownersanexactlysamedog.D．Itisveryexpensiveandusuallytakeshalfayeartocomplete.4．WhatdoesKirkwoodthinkofdogcloning?A．Hedisagreeswithit.B．Hesupportsit.C．Heiscuriousaboutit.D．Hethinksitunbelievable.BThediseasemalaria(瘧疾)hascausedmankindtroublethroughouthistory.Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.Everycountryintheworldthenpouredlargequantitiesofhumanresourcesintodiscoveringanotherantimalarialdrug.In1964,ChinaputforwardtheplantobreaknewgroundintraditionalChinesemedicinalherbs.Therewasnogreatdiscoveryuntil1981,whenChinesescientistTuYouyougaveaspeechtitled“ChemicalResearchintoArtemisinin(青蒿素)”ataninternationalconferenceoftheWHO.Thespeechwasregardedasalifelineformalariasufferers.TuYouyougraduatedfromPekingUniversityHealthScienceCenter.In1969,justastheresearchintotreatingmalariahadreachedadeadend,39－year－oldTu,inordertoovercomethisterribleproblem,tookonthejobasheadofaresearchteamofthisproblem.ThefirstthingTudidwasinterviewexperienceddoctorsofChinesemedicine.ThensheandhercolleaguesconductedvariouskindsofexperimentsonhundredsofkindsofChinesemedicinalherbs,includingtheartemisia.However,theresultsweredisappointing:eventhoseinvolvingartemisinin,whichhadbeenuniversallywell－regarded,werelessthansatisfactory.Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.ThediscoveryhelpedTuandherresearchteamtothinkoutsidethebox.Finally,in1972,artemisininwasfoundtobeonehundredpercenteffectiveagainstthedisease!In2000WHOannouncedartemisininwasaleadingantimalarialdrug,andpromoteditworldwide.Sofar,ithasbeenplayingagreatroleinthebattleagainstmalaria.Attheageof39,Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.HowdidTumanagetoaccomplishsuchagreatachievement?Youprobablyhavetheanswertothatalready.5．Whatcanbelearntabout“chloroquine”fromParagraph1?A．ItcontributedtoTu'sgreatdiscovery.B．ItwasdiscoveredbyexpertsinSoutheastAsia.C．ItwasabreakthroughoutofChinesemedicine.D．Itusedtobeeffectiveagainstthediseaseofmalaria.6．WhatdidTuYouyoudoafterreadingapassagebyGeHong?A．Sheintervieweddoctorstocollecttheirexperience.B．Sheattemptedtoheattheextractatalowtemperature.C．Shemadenecessaryadjustmentsineachstageofherresearch.D．Sheexpandedaccesstotheantimalarialdrugaroundtheworld.7．WhichofthefollowingcanbestsummarizethemainreasonforTu'ssuccess?A．Youreapwhatyousow.B．Actionsspeaklouderthanwords.C．Don'tclaimtoknowwhatyoudon'tknow.D．Liveandlearnthroughyourmistakesorexperience.Ⅱ.七選五Ifsomeonetellsyoutorememberaphonenumberoraddress,itfeelslikeaneasytaskatfirst.Yourepeatthenumberstoyourself,eitheraloudorinyourmind.Butafterjustafewsecondsyoumightfindyourselfstartingtodoubtyourownmemory.__1__Thus,itwilltrytothrowawayinformationthatseemsoldorirrelevant.Therearewaysofhelpingourmindsretain(記住)information,however,andinthisactivityyouwillexplorewaysthatweloseandkeepmemories.Short－termorworkingmemory,isawayofdescribingmostpeople'sabilitiestostoreasmallamountofinformationforabriefperiodoftimeinareadilyaccessibleform.__2__Peopledon'thavetostopandthinktoremembersomethinginshort－termmemory.__3__Suchtechniquesincludevisualizing(使形象化)theinformationinasurprisingwayandlinkingpiecesofinformationtogethersothatoneremindsyouoftheother.Inthecaseofvisualizinginformation,thiscouldbeassimpleasrememberingyouparkedyourcaronthefifthfloorintheDsectionbypicturingfivedogssittinginyourcar!__4__Ifyouneedtopurchasecereal(谷物),milk,fruit,cheeseandeggs,youcouldimaginethecerealinabowl,withmilkpouringoveritandpiecesoffruitontop.Thenimaginecrackinganeggovereverything,andit'sfullofmeltedcheese!Thesemayseemsimpleorevensilly.__5__Inthisactivityyou'lltesttherecallofafewfriendsorfamilymembers,andlearnafewtricksforimprovingmemory!A．Therearemanytechniquesforimprovingmemory.B．Ourbrainisalwaysseekingnewandusefulinformation.C．Short－termmemoryhastheshortdurationbutisquicklyandeasilyaccessed.D．Inaddition,linkinginformationcouldhelpyourememberyourgrocerylist.E．Retainingtheinformationoverlongerperiodsoftimebecomesdifficultyet.F．Yourshort－termmemoryhasalimitedamountofspacetostoreinformation.G．However,theyareprovedtobegoodwaysofimprovingmemorybyscientists.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________Ⅲ.完形填空MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.Hehastheabilityto__1__positivenesstoyoungstudents.Healwayssmilesandnevergets__2__atstudents.OnceImetsome__3__becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother,whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway.Grief__4__mewheneverIwasinaclassroom.Butthatall__5__whenImetmyteacherforlife,Mr.Bush.Havingfoundoutaboutmyproblems,hejustkept__6__me.BecauseofMr.Bush,myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.Afewweeksago,everyoneinmyclasswasfeelingabit__8__becauseofabaddayatschool.Butthingsgot__9__afterthecloseofMr.Bush'sclass.Hedrewapictureonthewhiteboardthat__10__ahalf－fullglassofwater.Hethenuttered,“Class,thepointofviewinwhichyoulookatthingswill__11__yourfeelings.Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow,I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’Itallisinthe__13__youthink.”Mr.Bush's__14__wayofthinkingalwaysmakesmefeelgladand__15__.Iwillalwaysrememberhim.1．A.passonB．a(chǎn)pplyforC．bemadeupofD．giveup2.A.strictB．patientC．madD．curious3．A.friendsB．needsC．realitiesD．difficulties4．A.drownedB．resistedC．curedD．relaxed5．A.happenedB．changedC．solvedD．included6．A.forgivingB．calmingC．encouragingD．calling7．A.sunshineB．fearC．surpriseD．disappointment8．A.cheerfulB．downC．eagerD．a(chǎn)fraid9．A.warmerB．higherC．betterD．happier10．A.servedB．filledC．boughtD．showed11．A.hurtB．careaboutC．giveawayD．a(chǎn)ffect12．A.pleasedB．unfortunateC．brightD．perfect13．A.wayB．directionC．endD．past14．A.differentB．optimisticC．specialD．important15．A.proudB．carefulC．lonelyD．hopeful[答題區(qū)]1～5________6～10________11～15________Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD,aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathe1.________(witness)asayoungman.TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th,79AD.Thetragedyleft2.________deepimpressiononPliny3.________hadlostanuncleintheeruption.However,morethan1，600yearslater,some4.________(science)foundthatthelosttownshadbeenburiedundertheashofMountVesuvius.Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”5.________(preserve)afrozenmomentinhistory.6.________theeruptionoccurred,7.________hadbeenaboomingRomancitywithtemples,markets,restaurantsandtheaters.Todayyoucanvisitthesebuildingsbywalkingalongthe8.________(origin)streetsofthecity.And9.________(many)than250yearssinceexcavationsstarted,thousandsoftouristsandhundredsofscientistsvisitPompeiieveryyear10.________(learn)moreabouttheancientworld.[答題區(qū)]1．________2.________3.________4．________5.________6.________7．________8.________9.________10．________Ⅴ.寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)應(yīng)用文寫(xiě)作假定你是李華。你的外籍老師John本準(zhǔn)備春季開(kāi)學(xué)時(shí)返回中國(guó)，現(xiàn)因英國(guó)的新冠肺炎(COVID－19)疫情待在倫敦家中。你在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)中遇到了一些困難，請(qǐng)給他寫(xiě)一封電子郵件尋求幫助。內(nèi)容如下：1．詢問(wèn)John的健康狀況；2．告知學(xué)習(xí)中的困難；3．懇求幫助。留意：1．寫(xiě)作詞數(shù)應(yīng)為80左右；2．可以適當(dāng)增加細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)，以使行文連貫。________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________其次節(jié)讀后續(xù)寫(xiě)閱讀下面材料，依據(jù)其內(nèi)容和所給段落開(kāi)頭語(yǔ)續(xù)寫(xiě)兩段，使之構(gòu)成一篇完整的短文。Marywaitedanxiouslyforherturnintheemptydressingroom.Neverhadshebeensonervousbefore.Thiscompetitionwasofvitalimportancetohercomeback.“IfIcanwintoday，”shesaidtoherself,“Icandanceonthenationalstagenextmonth.”Threemonthsago,herleftarmwasseriouslyinjuredinacaraccident.Afterthemedicaltreatment,shebegantorecoverslowly.Shepractisedoverandoveragaininordertoregainherdancingskills.“Hi,Mary，”inrushedherfriendJessica.“Howisyourarm?Isitgoingtoinfluenceyourperformance？”“IguessitcanbetoleratedforIamtowinthematch，”saidMarywithadeterminedlook.“Admirable!ButIhearthatagirlcalledLindaisreallygiftedandstrong.Shecanbeyourrealwell－matchedcompetitor.Comeon！”AfterJessicaleft,Marydecidedtopractisehermostdifficultspin.“IfIdon'ttryharder,Iwon'tgraspthischance，”shethought.Butherarmbegantohurt,makingherworried.“Mary,whatmakesyouthinkyouhaveachancetonight？”shesaidtoherself.Afterthepainwasgone,shecontinuedtowarmup.Aslimgirlhurriedinandputdownanequipmentbagonthechair.Then,shetookoutherdancedressquicklyandputitonskilfully.SeeingMary,shesmiledpolitelyandsaid,“Hi,I'mLinda.Iamhereforthecompetition！”Marynoddedinreplybutfeltuncomfortable.“Thisisjustmycompetitor.Becauseofher,Imaylosetonight.”HermindwaswanderingwhenLindaletoutascream,“Oh,Ican'tfindmymusictape！”Lindasearchedherbagbutinvain.“Itmaybemissingontheway.”Withthesewords,shethenrushedout.留意：1.續(xù)寫(xiě)詞數(shù)應(yīng)為150左右；2．請(qǐng)按如下格式作答。Suddenly,MarycaughtsightofablackboxunderthechairwhereLindaputherbag.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Hearinghernamecalled,Marywalkedonthestagewithherheartbeatingfasterandfaster.________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________課時(shí)作業(yè)(六)單元小測(cè)必備學(xué)問(wèn)基礎(chǔ)練Ⅰ.單詞拼法1．a(chǎn)n3.calculate4.widespread5．voked9.symptoms10．identicalⅡ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．systematic2.thoroughly3.depressed4.steadily5.invisible6．located7pared8.genetic9.variety10.officialⅢ.單句寫(xiě)作1．HedrewaparallelbetweenAmericanEnglishandBritishEnglish.2．TheseorangesareinferiortothoseIboughtlastweek.3．Thebusinessislocatedrightinthecitycentre.4．Theserobotshavebeenontrialforthepastyear.5．Sheisstronglyopposedtotheideaofmovingabroad.6．Eatinglotsofjunkfoodposesathreattochildren'shealth.7．Incomparisonwithlastyear,thepriceofbeefhasincreased.8．It'sestimatedthat80%ofallconversationinEnglishissmalltalk.關(guān)鍵實(shí)力提升練Ⅰ.閱讀A【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了克隆狗技術(shù)。1．答案與解析：A考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)其次段最終一句“Now，SooamBiotechhasintroduceditsbusinesstoUKdogownersaswell,offeringthemdogsthatlookjustliketheirlostones”可知，這家公司所供應(yīng)的服務(wù)就是克隆已逝的寵物狗。故選A。2．答案與解析：D考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)對(duì)第三段的整體理解可知，試驗(yàn)的第一步是從狗身上提取皮膚細(xì)胞，另一只被選擇的狗供應(yīng)一個(gè)卵子，將卵子中的DNA替換成皮膚細(xì)胞中的DNA之后，將卵子植入一只母狗的子宮，最終卵子在接下來(lái)的兩個(gè)月中生長(zhǎng)為一只小狗。故選D。3．答案與解析：C考查細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解。依據(jù)第五段第一句“However,magicalascloningmightsound,thereisnoguaranteethatthecloneddogwillbeaperfectcopyoftheoriginalone.”可知，克隆狗和原來(lái)的狗可能并非完全一樣。故選C。干擾項(xiàng)分析：A項(xiàng)錯(cuò)在這項(xiàng)技術(shù)最近才投入運(yùn)用，這與其次段中提到的“itpioneeredthetechniquein2005”不符；B項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及；D項(xiàng)與第四段第一句“Thewholeprocesstakeslessthanaday,butitcomesatashockinglyhighprice—around￡63，000”不符，故解除A、B、D三項(xiàng)。4．答案與解析：A考查觀點(diǎn)看法。依據(jù)最終一段Kirkwood說(shuō)的話“Animportantaspectofourrelationshipwiththemiscomingtotermswiththepainoflettinggo”可知，他認(rèn)為人類和寵物狗之間的關(guān)系的一個(gè)重要方面是要接受失去它們的苦痛；由此可推知，Kirkwood并不贊成克隆狗。故選A。B【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要講解并描述了屠呦呦對(duì)瘧疾患者的救命稻草青蒿素的探討歷程，85歲的屠呦呦是第一位獲得諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)的中國(guó)科學(xué)家。5．答案與解析：D細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)文章第一段中的“Inthe1860sasthedrugcalledchloroquinebegantoloseitseffectiveness,malariabegantoappearagaininSoutheastAsia.”可知，19世紀(jì)60年頭，隨著氯喹起先失效，瘧疾起先在東南亞重新出現(xiàn)。由此可知，氯喹過(guò)去對(duì)瘧疾是有效的。故選D。6．答案與解析：B推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章第三段中的“Butlater,whenTufoundarelevantpassagewrittenbyGeHongoftheTsinDynasty,itoccurredtoherthathightemperaturesdestroyartemisinin'seffectiveness:itneedsalowtemperaturetoworkproperly.”可知后來(lái)屠呦呦發(fā)覺(jué)了晉朝葛洪的一篇相關(guān)文章，她意識(shí)到高溫會(huì)破壞青蒿素的功效，它須要低溫才能正常發(fā)揮作用。由此可知，屠呦呦讀了葛洪的一篇文章后，她試圖用低溫加熱提取物。故選B。7．答案與解析：A推理推斷題。依據(jù)文章最終一段中的Attheageof39，Tubegantodevoteherlifetoherresearch.In2015,attheageof85,shereceivedtheNobelPrizeinPhysiologyorMedicine.可知從39歲起先，屠呦呦起先獻(xiàn)身于她的探討。2015年，85歲的她獲得了諾貝爾生理學(xué)或醫(yī)學(xué)獎(jiǎng)。由此可推知，屠呦呦腳踏實(shí)地，畢生投入到青蒿素的探討當(dāng)中，故“種瓜得瓜，種豆得豆”最能概括屠呦呦勝利的主要緣由。故選A。Ⅱ.七選五【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了幫助提高記憶力的方法和技巧。1．答案與解析：B依據(jù)下文“因此，它將試圖丟棄看起來(lái)過(guò)時(shí)或無(wú)關(guān)緊要的信息”可知，B項(xiàng)(我們的大腦總是在找尋新的、有用的信息。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選B。2．答案與解析：C依據(jù)下文“在短期記憶中人們不須要停下來(lái)想，來(lái)記住一些東西”可知，C項(xiàng)(短期記憶的持續(xù)時(shí)間很短，但運(yùn)用起來(lái)快速且簡(jiǎn)潔。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選C。3．答案與解析：A依據(jù)下文“這些技巧包括以一種令人驚異的方式將信息形象化和將信息碎片聯(lián)系在一起，從而一個(gè)片段讓你想起另一個(gè)片段”可知，A項(xiàng)(有很多提高記憶的技巧。)符合語(yǔ)境。A項(xiàng)中的techniques與空后的Suchtechniques相呼應(yīng)。故選A。4．答案與解析：D依據(jù)下句“假如你須要購(gòu)買(mǎi)谷物、牛奶、水果、奶酪和雞蛋，你可以想象谷物在碗里，牛奶倒在上面，上面有幾塊水果”可知，D項(xiàng)(此外，將信息聯(lián)系在一起可以幫助你記住你的購(gòu)物清單。)符合語(yǔ)境。故選D。5．答案與解析：G依據(jù)上句“這些看起來(lái)很簡(jiǎn)潔，甚至有些愚蠢?！蓖茢嘞戮涫桥c上句構(gòu)成轉(zhuǎn)折的內(nèi)容，G項(xiàng)“然而，它們被科學(xué)家證明是提高記憶力的好方法?！狈险Z(yǔ)境。故選G。Ⅲ.完形填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇記敘文。主要講解并描述了作者的老師是一個(gè)極其樂(lè)觀的人，他有實(shí)力把主動(dòng)的一面?zhèn)鬟f給學(xué)生，他樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓作者感到興奮和充溢希望。1．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)詞義辨析。句意：他有實(shí)力把主動(dòng)的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕的學(xué)生。passon傳給；applyfor申請(qǐng)；bemadeupof由……組成；giveup放棄。由下文可知，Mr.Bush總是會(huì)讓懊喪的學(xué)生興奮起來(lái)，故他有實(shí)力把主動(dòng)的一面?zhèn)鹘o年輕的學(xué)生。故選A。2．答案與解析：C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：他總是微笑，從不生學(xué)生的氣。strict嚴(yán)格的；patient耐性的；mad生氣的；curious新奇的。依據(jù)上文“Healwayssmilesandnevergets”可知，Mr.Bush總是微笑，從不會(huì)生學(xué)生的氣。故選C。3．答案與解析：D考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：有一次，我遇到了一些困難，因?yàn)槲腋杏X(jué)我的哥哥使我黯然失色，他好像在各方面都做得很好。friend摯友；need須要；reality現(xiàn)實(shí)；difficulty困難。依據(jù)下文“becauseIfeltovershadowedbymybrother，whoseemedtobedoinggreatineveryway”可知，作者遇到了一些困難。故選D。4．答案與解析：A考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：每當(dāng)我在教室里，哀痛就沉沒(méi)了我。drown沉沒(méi)；resist反抗；cure治愈；relax使放松。依據(jù)上文可知，作者始終活在哥哥的陰影下，故應(yīng)是哀痛沉沒(méi)了作者。故選A。5．答案與解析：B考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：但當(dāng)我見(jiàn)到我終生的老師——Mr.Bush時(shí)，那一切都變了。happen發(fā)生；change變更；solve解決；include包括。依據(jù)下文Mr.Bush激勵(lì)作者，最終作者振作了起來(lái)可知，當(dāng)作者見(jiàn)到Mr.Bush時(shí)一切都變了。故選B。6．答案與解析：C考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：弄清了我的問(wèn)題后，他只是始終激勵(lì)我。forgive寬恕；calm使安靜；encourage激勵(lì)；call呼叫。依據(jù)下文“BecauseofMr.Bush，myworldwasfilledwith__7__andpower.”可知，由于Mr.Bush的激勵(lì)，作者的世界充溢了陽(yáng)光和力氣。故選C。7．答案與解析：A考查名詞詞義辨析。句意：因?yàn)镸r.Bush，我的世界充溢了陽(yáng)光和力氣。sunshine陽(yáng)光；fear膽怯 ；surprise驚異；disappointment悲觀。依據(jù)下文的power可知，Mr.Bush的激勵(lì)讓作者的世界充溢陽(yáng)光和力氣。故選A。8．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：幾個(gè)星期前，我們班的每個(gè)人都因?yàn)槟且惶煸趯W(xué)校的糟糕表現(xiàn)而感到有點(diǎn)懊喪。cheerful興奮的；down懊喪的；eager渴望的；afraid膽怯 的。依據(jù)下文“becauseofabaddayatschool”可知，學(xué)生在學(xué)校表現(xiàn)糟糕，故感到懊喪。故選B。9．答案與解析：C考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：但在Mr.Bush的課結(jié)束后，狀況有所好轉(zhuǎn)。warmer更暖和的；higher更高的；better更好的；happier更興奮的。依據(jù)下文Mr.Bush畫(huà)了一張半杯水的圖，告知同學(xué)們思維方式不一樣，看問(wèn)題的角度就不一樣，同學(xué)們又都興奮起來(lái)可知，Mr.Bush的課結(jié)束后，狀況好起來(lái)了。故選C。10．答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。句意：他在白板上畫(huà)了一幅畫(huà)，畫(huà)上顯示的是半杯水。serve服務(wù)；fill充溢；buy買(mǎi)；show顯示。依據(jù)下文“Likethisglassofwater;somepeopleseeitandthink‘What!Onlyhalfaglassofwater.How__12__Iam.’Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow’I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，Mr.Bush的畫(huà)上顯示的是半杯水。故選D。11．答案與解析：D考查動(dòng)詞(短語(yǔ))詞義辨析。句意：然后他說(shuō)，“同學(xué)們，你們看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受……”。hurt損害；careabout關(guān)切；giveaway分發(fā)；affect影響。依據(jù)下文的“Itallisinthe__13__youthink.(一切都取決于你怎么想。)”可知，Mr.Bush想要告知同學(xué)們，你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受。故選D。12．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：……就像這杯水；有些人看到它就想‘什么！只有半杯水。我真不幸’……。pleased興奮的；unfortunate不幸的；bright光明的；perfect完備的。由下文的“Whereasotherpeoplethink‘Wow，I'msothirsty.Great!Halfaglassofwaterforme！’”可知，此處表示對(duì)比，有的人認(rèn)為只有半杯水是不幸的。故選B。13．答案與解析：A考查名詞詞義辨析，句意：“……這一切取決于你思索的方式?！眞ay方式；direction方向；end結(jié)局；past過(guò)去。由上下文可知，Mr.Bush給同學(xué)們畫(huà)了一幅半杯水的圖，告知他們有的人對(duì)此持主動(dòng)的看法，有的人對(duì)此持消極的看法。故應(yīng)是想告知同學(xué)們：你看事情的角度會(huì)影響你的感受，這一切取決于你思索的方式。故選A。14．答案與解析：B考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Bush樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。different不同的；optimistic樂(lè)觀的；special特別的；important重要的。依據(jù)文章首句“MyteacherMr.BushisthemostpositivepersonI'veevermet.”可知，Mr.Bush是一個(gè)樂(lè)觀的人，故他樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。故選B。15．答案與解析：D考查形容詞詞義辨析。句意：Mr.Bush樂(lè)觀的思維方式總是讓我感到興奮和充溢希望。proud傲慢的；careful當(dāng)心的；lonely孤獨(dú)的；hopeful充溢希望的。分析上下文可知，Mr.Bush總是用他主動(dòng)的思維方式影響著作者，故應(yīng)是讓作者感到興奮和充溢希望。故選D。Ⅳ.語(yǔ)法填空【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文介紹了聞名的古羅馬城市龐貝的一些狀況。大約在公元一世紀(jì)末，一位名叫普林尼的羅馬作家描寫(xiě)了一次可怕的火山噴發(fā)掩埋了龐貝古城，但是這座城市的地貌卻被很完整地保存了下來(lái)?，F(xiàn)在每年仍有成百上千的游客和科學(xué)家來(lái)這里參觀，了解這段古老而又神奇的歷史。1．答案與解析：hadwitnessed