任務(wù)精讀：監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)（雙語(yǔ)）課件講解

隧道施工技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)TunnelConstructionTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementTechnology

監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)目錄MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyTableofContents監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的和項(xiàng)目1PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測(cè)方法2MonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋3AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData課程小結(jié)4Summary

監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的和項(xiàng)目PurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement01掌握圍巖再施工中的動(dòng)態(tài)，控制圍巖的變形。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的和項(xiàng)目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement

Inordertoensureconstructionsafety,weshouldobservethegeologyandsupportconditions,measurethecrownsettlement,peripheraldisplacementandsurfacesubsidence.

為保證施工安全，我們需要對(duì)地質(zhì)和支護(hù)狀態(tài)進(jìn)行觀察、拱頂下沉、周邊位移、地表下沉進(jìn)行量測(cè)。監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementGraspthedynamicconditionsofsurroundingrocksinconstructionandcontrolthedeformationofsurroundingrocks.了解支護(hù)結(jié)構(gòu)的效果，及時(shí)采取措施，以保證安全施工。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的和項(xiàng)目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementUnderstandtheeffectofthesupportstructureandtaketimelymeasurestoensuresafeconstruction.修正設(shè)計(jì)，指導(dǎo)施工，保證隧道既安全又經(jīng)濟(jì)。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的和項(xiàng)目MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyPurposeandItemsofMonitoringandMeasurement監(jiān)控量測(cè)的目的PurposeofMonitoringandMeasurementRevisethedesign,guidetheconstruction,andensurethesafetyandeconomyofthetunnel.02

監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementMethods監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地質(zhì)和支護(hù)狀態(tài)觀察Thegeologicalandsupportconditionobservation圍巖有代表性測(cè)試斷面的位置、形狀、尺寸。Thelocation,shapeanddimensionoftherepresentativetestsectionofsurroundingrock.巖石名稱、結(jié)構(gòu)、顏色。

Thename,structureandcoloroftherock.節(jié)理和圍巖結(jié)構(gòu)面情況。Conditionsofjointsandsurroundingrockstructuralplanes.軟硬程度及破碎程度情況。ConditionsofHardnessandcrushingdegree.巖脈穿插情況。Conditionofdykeinterspersion;巖體的風(fēng)化程度、特點(diǎn)、抗風(fēng)化能力。Weatheringdegree,characteristicsandweatheringresistanceofrockmass.地下水的類型、出露位置、水量大小。Type,exposurelocationandvolumeofgroundwater.溶洞等特殊地質(zhì)條件描述。Descriptionofspecialgeologicalconditionssuchaskarstcaves.噴層開(kāi)裂起鼓、剝落情況描述。Thedescriptionofcracking,bulgingandpeeling-offoftheshotcretelayer.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉與周邊位移量測(cè)Measurementofcrownsettlementandperipheraldisplacement收斂量測(cè)Convergencemeasurement拱頂下沉Crownsettlement周邊位移Peripheraldisplacement我們?cè)诠绊斚鲁亮繙y(cè)的測(cè)點(diǎn)，原則上應(yīng)設(shè)在拱頂中心，受其他因素制約，則可將測(cè)點(diǎn)設(shè)于拱頂中心之外。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods拱頂下沉量測(cè)

MeasurementoftheCrownSettlement

Ourmeasuringpointsforcrownsettlementmeasurement,shallbelocatedinthecenterofthecrowninprinciple.Restrictedbyotherfactors,themeasuringpointscanbesetoutsidethecenterofthecrown.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測(cè)

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement數(shù)顯收斂計(jì)Digitaldisplayconvergencegauge量測(cè)范圍0.5~30m范圍

精度為0.1mmMeasurementrangeTherangeof0.5~30mTheaccuracyof0.1mm監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods周邊位移量量測(cè)

MeasurementofPeripheralDisplacement

測(cè)線一般取點(diǎn)在拱頂中心、起拱線起點(diǎn)、邊墻腳位置。OnemeasuringlineTwomeasuringlinesThreemeasuringlinesFivemeasuringlinesSixmeasuringlinesSevenmeasuringline

Themeasuringlineisgenerallytakenatthecrowncenter,thestartingpointofthespringinglineandthefootofthesidewall.Thatis,thebetterthesurroundingrockis,thefewerthemeasuringlineswillbe;施工分部越多，測(cè)線越多。Themoreconstructiondivisions,themoremeasuringlines.圍巖越好，測(cè)線越少；開(kāi)挖后盡快埋設(shè)測(cè)點(diǎn)，并測(cè)取初讀數(shù)，要求12h內(nèi)完成。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測(cè)的采納及事項(xiàng)需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpointsshallbeembeddedassoonaspossibleafterexcavation,andtheinitialreadingsshallbetakenwithin12hours.Monitoringpoints測(cè)點(diǎn)(測(cè)試斷面)應(yīng)盡可能靠近開(kāi)挖面，要求在2m以內(nèi)。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測(cè)的采納及事項(xiàng)需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Themeasuringpoint(testsection)shallbeascloseaspossibletotheexcavationsurfaceandshallbewithin2m.讀數(shù)應(yīng)在重錘穩(wěn)定或張力調(diào)節(jié)器指針?lè)€(wěn)定指示規(guī)定的張力值時(shí)讀取。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods量測(cè)的采納及事項(xiàng)需注意AdoptionofMeasurementandItemstobeNoted

Thereadingsshallbetakenwhenthehammerisstabilizedorthepointerofthetensionregulatorstablypointsthespecifiedtensionvalue.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測(cè)SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement在隧道施工遇到IV~VI級(jí)圍巖InthetunnelconstructionClassIV~VIsurroundingrocksareencountered通常是軟弱破碎地層，其穩(wěn)定性差，如果覆蓋層厚度較小，則開(kāi)挖時(shí)地表下沉就大。

Itisusuallyaweakandfracturedstratawithpoorstability.Ifthethicknessoftheoverburdenissmall,thesurfacesubsidencewillbelargeduringexcavation.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)監(jiān)控量測(cè)的方法MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyMonitoringandMeasurementMethods地表下沉量測(cè)SurfaceSubsidenceMeasurement

Forshallowtunnelsatsoilsandandsoftrocksections,Thesurfacesubsidencemeasurementisrequired,andthespacingofmeasuringpointsarrangedalongthelongitudinaldirectionofthetunnelcanbedeterminedaccordingtothegeology,

overburdenthickness,constructionmethodandsurroundingbuildings.對(duì)于土砂、軟巖地段的淺埋隧道，我們要求進(jìn)行地表下沉量測(cè)，沿隧道縱向布置測(cè)點(diǎn)的間距可視地質(zhì)、覆蓋層厚度、施工方法和周圍建筑物的情況確定。表地表下沉測(cè)試斷面間距覆蓋層厚度H測(cè)點(diǎn)間距(m)H>2B2B>H>BH<B20~5010~205~10TableSpacingofSurfaceSubsidenceTestSectionOverburdenthicknessHSpacingbetweenmeasuringpoints(m)03

量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋AnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Theclearancedisplacementismainlyusedastheindexofsurroundingrockstabilityevaluationandsurroundingrockstabilitystatusjudgmentinthefieldmeasurementoftunnelengineering.

OnlythelargecavernexistsRetentionandreinforcementoffillingmaterialsinthetunnelConstructionofthebaseslabandretainingwall

Constructionoflining

隧道工程現(xiàn)場(chǎng)量測(cè)主要以凈空位移作為圍巖穩(wěn)定性評(píng)價(jià)及圍巖穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)判斷的指標(biāo)。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：JudgmentStandard:位移量Displacement位移速率Displacementrate位移加速度Displacementacceleration根據(jù)以上判斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，如果圍巖位移速度不超過(guò)允許值，且不出現(xiàn)蠕變趨勢(shì)，我們則可以認(rèn)為圍巖是穩(wěn)定的,初期支護(hù)是成功的。若表現(xiàn)出穩(wěn)定性較好，則可以考慮適當(dāng)加大循環(huán)進(jìn)尺。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

Accordingtotheabovejudgmentstandards,Ifthedisplacementvelocityofthesurroundingrockdoesnotexceedtheallowablevalue,andnocreeptendencyoccurs,Itcanbeconsideredthatthesurroundingrockisstable,andtheprimarysupportissuccessful.Ifthestabilityisgood,thecyclicfootagecanbeappropriatelyincreased.

Originalsupport

Nosupport

Displacement/m

StepofCalculation/104根據(jù)新奧法施工原則，需要在圍巖或圍巖加初期支護(hù)基本達(dá)成穩(wěn)定后，才可以施作二次襯砌。監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData周邊位移分析Analysisofperipheraldisplacement

AccordingtotheconstructionprincipleofNewAustrianTunnelingMethod(NATM),Thesecondaryliningcanbeconstructedonlyafterthesurroundingrockorsurroundingrockisaddedwithprimarysupporttoachievebasicstable.

Systemanchorrod

Arch

Haunch

Sidewall

Invertedarch

SidewallInvertedarch

WaterprooflayerPrimarysupportShotcretingReinforcingmeshSteelribAnchorrod監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData圍巖壓力分析Analysisofsurroundingrockpressure圍巖壓力的大小與圍巖位移量及支護(hù)剛度密切相關(guān)。

Thepressurevalueofsurroundingrockiscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockdisplacementandthesupportrigidity.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)量測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)分析與反饋MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologyAnalysisandFeedbackofMeasurementData噴層應(yīng)力分析Shotcretelayerstressanalysis噴層應(yīng)力是指切向應(yīng)力，噴層應(yīng)力與圍巖壓力及位移有密切關(guān)系。

Stressofshotcretelayerreferstothetangentialstress,Thestressofshotcretelayeriscloselyrelatedtothesurroundingrockpressureanddisplacement.噴層應(yīng)力大的兩個(gè)方面：Therearetworeasonsforthehighstressoftheshotcretelayer圍巖壓力和位移大Thepressureanddisplacementofsurroundingrockarelarge.支護(hù)不足Insufficientsupport課程小結(jié)04Summary.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary加強(qiáng)隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測(cè)過(guò)程控制Strengthenthemonitoringandmeasurementprocesscontroloftunnelsurroundingrock建立穩(wěn)固的隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測(cè)工作基點(diǎn)Establishstableworkingreferencepointsformonitoringandmeasurementoftunnelsurroundingrock重視隧道圍巖監(jiān)控量測(cè)元件埋設(shè)和保護(hù)Attachimportancetotheembeddingandprotectionofmonitoringandmeasurementelementsoftunnelsurroundingrock重視監(jiān)測(cè)與分析，信息化反饋Attachimportancetothemonitoring,analysisandinformatizationfeedback加強(qiáng)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)施工安全，為信息化工作提供保障Strengthenon-siteconstructionsafetyandprovideguaranteeforinformatizationworkPrecautions注意事項(xiàng).施工檢測(cè)管理流程，將監(jiān)測(cè)的結(jié)果必須盡快地反饋到施工和設(shè)計(jì)中去。

Constructioninspectionmanagementprocess:themonitoringresultsmustbefedbacktotheconstructionanddesignassoonaspossible.施工檢測(cè)采用的機(jī)械和電子儀器，必須確保具有良好的使用狀態(tài)。

Themechanicalandelectronicinstrumentsusedforconstructioninspectionmustbeingoodservicecondition.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測(cè)管理Constructioninspectionmanagement.①檢查儀表設(shè)備是否完好，如發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題及時(shí)修理或更換。Checkwhethertheinstrumentsandequipmentareingoodcondition,andrepairorreplacethemintimeifanyproblemisfound.②檢查測(cè)點(diǎn)是否松動(dòng)或人為損壞，確認(rèn)測(cè)點(diǎn)狀態(tài)良好時(shí)方可進(jìn)行測(cè)試工作。Checkwhetherthemeasuringpointsarelooseorartificiallydamaged,andcarryoutthetestonlyafterconfirmingthatthemeasuringpointsareingoodcondition.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測(cè)管理Constructioninspectionmanagement測(cè)試前做到：Beforethetest:.監(jiān)控量測(cè)技術(shù)課程小結(jié)MonitoringandMeasurementTechnologySummary施工檢測(cè)管理Constructioninspectionmanagement按各項(xiàng)量測(cè)的操作規(guī)程安裝好儀器儀表，每測(cè)點(diǎn)一般測(cè)讀三次，三次讀數(shù)相差不大時(shí)，取算術(shù)平均值作為觀測(cè)點(diǎn)，若讀數(shù)相差過(guò)大時(shí)應(yīng)檢查儀器、儀表安裝是否正確，測(cè)點(diǎn)是否松動(dòng)，當(dāng)確認(rèn)無(wú)誤時(shí)再進(jìn)行測(cè)試。Installinstrumentsandmetersaccordingtothevariousmea