上海市二中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第五次調(diào)研考試新高考英語試題及答案解析

上海市二中學(xué)高三下學(xué)期第五次調(diào)研考試新高考英語試題請考生注意：1．請用2B鉛筆將選擇題答案涂填在答題紙相應(yīng)位置上，請用0．5毫米及以上黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆將主觀題的答案寫在答題紙相應(yīng)的答題區(qū)內(nèi)。寫在試題卷、草稿紙上均無效。2．答題前，認(rèn)真閱讀答題紙上的《注意事項(xiàng)》，按規(guī)定答題。第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）1．—OK，here___________.—Thankyouforyourlift.Seeyoulater.A．a(chǎn)reweB．isitC．weareD．comesit2．Everyclassroominthismodernschoolis________withanewTVsetonthewallandacomputerontheteacher'sdesk.A．equippedB．decoratedC．fixedD．placed3．Newlyreleaseddatapointtoanincreaseintechnologyuseamongchildrensomeworryischangingtheverynatureofchildhood.A．why B．whichC．who D．where4．Theroom______10metresacrossislargeenoughforasinglemantolivein．A．measuring B．measures C．tobemeasured D．measured5．Sheisquite____toofficework.Youhadbetterofferhersomesuggestionswhennecessary．A．familiar B．freshC．similar D．sensitive6．Someschools,includingours,willhavetomake________inagreementwiththenationalsoccerreform.A．a(chǎn)musementsB．a(chǎn)djustmentsC．a(chǎn)ppointmentsD．a(chǎn)chievements7．Theteachercameintotheclassroom_______byhisstudents.A．following B．tobefollowing C．followed D．havingfollowed.8．Competedin1891,in________wasknownasTheGildedAge,thefive-storymansionisnowownedbyafamousactorwhodecidestostageaspecialproductionofShakespeare'sHamlet.A．that B．what C．which D．it9．Astothe“996workschedule”,______employeesworkfrom9amto9pm,6daysaweek,People’sDailycommentedthatvaluinghardworkdoesnotmeanforcingemployeestoworkovertime.A．that B．which C．where D．when10．Ifyouseethingsinanegativelight,youwillfindfaultseverywhereandproblemswheretherearereally________．A．noneB．someC．manyD．nothing11．SheisstubborninresistinghisenquiriesabouttheMoonstone_____thedegreethatshemakesitseemasifshedoesnotwantthemystery______.A．on;tosolve B．with;solvingC．for;beingsolved D．to;tobesolved12．Althoughvaluesmaybe____,it’shelpfultosharethemwithyourpartnerforadditionalsupport.A．terminalB．personalC．crucialD．practical13．TheBritishgovernmentpublishedanofficialpolicydocument________itsplanstobringtheUKoutoftheEuropeanUnion.A．lettingoutB．puttingoutC．settingoutD．workingout14．—Excuseme,Iwonderifyoucanhelpme?—Sure.______?A．Whathelp B．Whatisthis C．Whatisit D．Whatdoyouwant15．Itisafoolishactto________notesduringatestasyouwillbeseverelypunished.A．stickto B．referto C．keepto D．pointto16．Thankstoherdeterminationandperseveranceonthepianolesson,shehasa______graspofthesubject.A．comprehensive B．confidentialC．conservative D．compulsory17．It'sthattimeofyearagain，whenAlipay______usjusthowmuchwe'vebeenspending，andonwhat．A．reminds B．remindedC．hasreminded D．isreminding18．Manythoughtthatafterstarringintheimmenselypopulardrama，NirvanainFire，HuGewould________andactivelyseeknewroles．A．makeamountainoutofamolehillB．havetoomanyironsinthefireC．strikewhiletheironishotD．putthecartbeforethehorse19．Thegovernor’sstatementonemployment________astormofcriticism,A．setupB．setoutC．setaboutD．setoff20．They’veseenmanyfamousscholarsintheconference.HowIwishI______it!A．haveattended B．willattendC．wouldattend D．hadattended第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。21．（6分）KnownasGC-1,thedrugreportedlyspeedsupmetabolism（新陳代謝）,orburningoff,offatcells.“GC-1dramaticallyincreasesthemetabolicrate,essentiallytransformingwhitefat,whichstoresextracaloriesandisassociatedwithobesityandmetabolicdisease,intoafatlikecalorie-burningbrownfat,”saidKevinPhillips,aresearcherinHouston.Untilseveralyearsago,scientiststhoughtthatonlyanimalsandhumanbabieshaveenergy-burning,"good"brownfat.“Itisnowclear,”Phillipssaid,“thathumanadultsdohavebrownfat,butappeartoloseitscalorie-burningactivityovertime.”Whitefathasabadeffectonpeoplewhenthebodyhastoomuchofit.Somepublishedresearchshowsthatpeoplewhohavemorebrownfathaveareducedriskofobesity.Researchersarenowworkingonwaysto“brown”whitefat,orchangeitintobrownfat.GC-1works,accordingtoPhillips.Hesaidheandotherresearchershavetestedthedruginhundredsofmice.Obesemice,bothgeneticallyobeseandthosewithdiet-inducedobesity,receivedGC-1treatmentdaily.Geneticallyobesemicelostweightandmorethan50percentoftheirfatmassinapproximatelytwoweeks,Phillipsreported.Hesaidmicewithdiet-inducedobesityexperiencedsimilarimprovements.Thedrugalsocausedadaptivethermogenes（適應(yīng)性發(fā)熱）infatcellsfrommice.Cellsgrowninadish,aswellastissuesamplestakenfromobesemice,showedevidenceofwhite-fatbrowning.“OurdataprovethatGC-1isanovelfat-browningagentthatmayhaveuseinthetreatmentofobesityandmetabolicdisease,”Phillipssaid.Thedrughasnotyetbeentestedforweightlossinhumans.However,Phillipssaiditwouldn’tbelongbeforeitwasusedasawayoflosingweight.1、Whatisthewriter'spurposeofwritingthispassage?A．Toprovetheharmofanewdrug.B．Tointroduceanewdrugtopeople.C．Toexplainthedevelopmentofanewdrug.D．Toinformpeopleofsomehealthknowledge.2、Inthepast,peopleheldthebeliefthat________.A．humanbabieshavebrownfatB．a(chǎn)nimalsdon'thavebrownfatC．onlyhumanadultshavebrownfatD．brownfatmayloseitsactivityovertime3、WhatcanweknowaboutGC-1?A．Itcanbeusedtotreatobesity.B．Itisacureforheartdisease.C．Itisadrugintendedformice.D．Ithasbeensoldinthedrugstore.4、Whichofthefollowingcanmakepeopleloseweight?A．Increasingmorewhitefat.B．Burningoffmorebrownfat.C．Changingwhitefatintobrownfat.D．Slowingdowntheactivityofbrownfat.22．（8分）OnaFebruarydayduringanunusuallymildwinter,Ifoundmyselfmissingthesnowybeauty.IenjoyedthefeelingthatcomesfromwatchingsnowfallgentlyfromheavenwhileI’mcosyinsidewithagoodfireburninginthestove.Butthereweremoreseriousconcerns,likethelackofrainfallmakingourwoodsmoreaccessibletosummerforestfires.Localskifieldsandhotels,alldependentonasnowyseason,feltsorryforthevacantlifts,emptyrestaurantsandunusedsnowmobiles．ThenIhappenedtoseethreelittlerobins

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flyintoouryard.Whatweretheydoinghere?Westofus,intheWillametteValley,wildflowersburstthistimeofyear.ButhereincentralOregon,evenifagroundhog

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hadwantedtoappear,itcouldn’thavebrokenthroughthefrozenearth.Andyet,theserobinshadarrived.Theirpresencebroughtmeaflowofhappiness.ItfeltlikeacelebrationasIdugintomybagofbirdseedandspreadahandfulontheground.Aboveme,thedeepblueskywascloudless,perfectlyquietbutforsomesmokefromaneighbor’schimney.Thelivelycoldmadetheairfreshandclean.Myrobinsjumpedlightlytowardtheseed.Mysouljumpedwiththem,feelingequallycarefree.Caughtupinthemomentofspringfever,Icheckedoutsnowlessflowerbeds.Tomydelight,Ispottedagreenbranchstickingoutthroughthebrownsoil.Despitethecold,itwasn’treadytogobackinside.Justashortmeetingwiththoserobinshadrenewedmyspirit.ThenextdayIwouldreturntomyoutdoorworkwithacheerfulheartandahopefuleyeforthesesignsofspring.1、（小題1）Theauthormissedasnowywinterbecausesnowcould________.A．preventforestfiresB．boomhisbusinessC．promiseanearlyspringD．bringhimagoodfeeling2、（小題2）Theauthorfelthappywhenfinding________．A．theskywasdeepbluewithcloudsB．threelittlerobinsflewintohisyardC．wildflowersburstintheWillametteValleyD．a(chǎn)groundhogappearedthroughthefrozenearth3、（小題3）Wecaninferfromthepassagethattheauthor_______．A．wouldenjoywildflowersthenextdayB．thoughtwinterwasalreadyoverC．longedforthecomingofspringD．lovedrobinsthemost23．（8分）Fairytalesperformmanyfunctions.Theyentertain,encourageimaginationandteachproblem—solvingskills.Theycanalsoprovidemorallessons,highlightingthedangersoffailingtofollowthesocialcodesthatlethumanbeingscoexistinharmony.Suchmorallessonsmaynotmeanmuchtoarobot,butateamofresearchersatGeorgiaInstituteofTechnologybelievesithasfoundawaytousethefairytalesasmorallessonsthatAI(artificialintelligence)cantaketoitscold,mechanicalheart.Thecollectedstoriesofdifferentculturesteachchildrenhowtobehaveinsociallyacceptablewayswithexamplesofproperandimproperbehaviorinfables,novelsandotherliterature.WebelievestorycomprehensioninrobotscanpreventtheintelligentrobotsfromkillinghumanitywhichwaspredictedandfearedbysomeofthebiggestnamesintechnologyincludingStephenHawkingandBillGates.Thissystemiscalled“Quixote”(堂吉訶德).ItcollectsstoryplotsfromtheInternetandthenusesthosestoriestoteachrobotshowtobehave.Theexperimentdonebythedesignersinvolvesgoingtoadrugstoretopurchasesomemedicineforahumanwhoneedstogetitassoonaspossible.Therobothasthreeoptions.Itcanwaitinline;itcaninteractwiththestorekeeperpolitelyandpurchasethemedicinewithpriority;oritcanstealthemedicineandescape.Withoutanyfurtherdirectives(指令),therobotwillcometotheconclusionthatthemostefficientmeansofobtainingthemedicineistostealit.ButQuixoteoffersarewardforwaitinginlineandpolitelypurchasingthemedicineandapunishmentforstealingit.Inthisway,therobotwilllearnthemoralwaytobehaveonthatoccasion.Quixotewouldworkbestonarobotthathasaverylimitedfunction.It’sababystepinthedirectionofteachingmoremorallessonsintorobots.WebelievethatAIhastobetrainedtoadoptthevaluesofaparticularsociety,andindoingso,itwillstrivetoavoidunacceptablebehavior.Givingrobotstheabilitytoreadandunderstandourstoriesmaybethemostefficientmeans.1、Whatfunctiondofairytalesperformintherobots?A．Theyentertainrobots.B．Theyhighlightdangers.C．Theymakerobotsmoreintelligent.D．Theyenablerobotstobehavemorally.2、Whatis“Quixote”inthetext?A．ApunishmentsystemB．AcharacterinliteratureC．AbignameintechnologyD．Asoftwareeducatingrobots.3、Whatdoesthedesignerexpectrobottodointheexperiment?A．Totakeadvantageofitsprivilege.B．Tofinishthetaskmostefficiently.C．Toperforminagoodmanneredway.D．Toberewardedbythestorekeeper14、Whichofthefollowcanbestexpresstheauthor’sopinion?A．Robotswilldefinitelyhavemorefunctions.B．Robotswithhuman’semotionsareperfect.C．Trainingrobotstobesociallyacceptableisnecessary.D．Thedevelopmentofrobotsisstillinababystep.24．（8分）Creativitydoesnotdependon“Eureka!!（我發(fā)現(xiàn)了）moments---itisaprocess，designedtoconsistentlybringabstractideasintothepracticalworld.Forcreators，thisemphasizestheimportanceofroutines.Randombitsofgreatinspirationarefewandlastonlyashorttime；yourworksrequireasustainable（可待續(xù)的）waytodevelopgoodideasintogreatones.RecallthewisewordsfromChuckClose："Amateurssitandwaitforinspiration;therestofusjustshowupandgotowork."Perhapsoneofthebestwaystoimproveyourownprocessesistostudythemasters.ThankstobookslikeDailyRituals,ourdesiretoseewhat"gotowork"means---bygettingalookatthemasters'regularroutines-hasbeenthoroughlysatisfied.Thoughtheoutputofthesecreativegeniusesissometimesamazing,howtheyconducttheirworkisofteneasytorelateto.OnesuchpersonItookinspirationfromwasLudwigvanBeethoven.Beethovenkepthiscreativepromisesbystrategicallyusinghistimetoproduceideas.HisfavoritemethodofthinkingaboutthingsislongwalksthroughtheforestedvalleysofViennawithoutthecompanyofotherpeople.Heplacedgreatimportanceonthisplannedtimeforreflectionandideaevaluation.Itappearshewasn'talone;notablecraftsmenallovertheworldsharesimilarexperienceinbreakinguptheirdaywithwalks.Beethovenwentforanactivewalkafterlunch,andhealwayscarriedapencilandacoupleofsheetsofpaperinhispocket,torecordchancemusicalthoughts.GustavMahlerfollowedmuchthesameroutine-hewouldtakeathree(orfour)-hourwalkafterlunch,stoppingtoquicklywritedownideasonhisnotebook.BenjaminBrittensaidthathisafternoonwalkswere"whereIplanoutwhatI'mgoingtowriteinthenextperiodatmydesk."Recently,psychologiststookaninterestingstep(ortwo)forwardinunderstandingthecreativebenefitsofwalking-aStanfordstudywasabletoshowthatwalkinghelpedpeopleproducemorenovelideasandenhancedcreativethinkingduringthewalkandimmediatelyafter,comparedtositting.Asthetitleofthestudypointsout,walkingmaybethemissingingredienttoconsistentlygiveyournewideassomelegs.1、TheauthormentionsChuckClose'swordsto_________A．emphasizethefunctionofsittingandwaitingB．emphasizethevalueofeurekamomentsC．emphasizethemeaningofinspirationD．emphasizetheimportanceofconsistentwork2、What'sthebookDailyRitualsabout?A．Commonpeople'sregularroutines.B．Masters'regularroutinesC．RitualsofbecomingmastersD．Ritualsofgettinginspiration3、Accordingtothepassage,Beethovenliked_________A．walkingingroupsthroughforestB．beinganotablecraftsmanC．breakinghiscreativeroutinesD．walkingaloneintheforest4、WhatconclusioncanyoudrawfromParagraph4?A．MastersthinkwhilewalkingB．MasterssleepafterlunchC．MasterswalkafterworkD．Mastershavelunchbeforeawalk.5、What'sthebesttitleofthepassage?A．WalkingHabitforLivingLongerB．DifferencesbetweenWalkingandSittingC．WalkingHabitforCreativeBreakthroughsD．CreativityRestsonEurekaMoments25．（10分）Whenoldpeoplelivewithchildrenandotherrelativestherelationshipisnotalwaysahappyone.Evenoldparentsandadultchildrenwholiveseparatelycanhavedifficulties.Herethegenerationgapbecomesmostvisibleastheneedsandinterestsofthemiddle-agedandolddiverge.Somemiddle-agedchildrenaresoannoyedbythedemandsoftheirparentsthattheymakesuchcommentsas“Whydon’ttheoldfoolsdie?”Althoughsuchuglycommentsexist,asurveyconductedbytheAmericanAssociationofRetiredPersonsreflectsapositiveattitudebyAmericanpopulationtowardstheold.Thatsurveyshowedthat69%adultchildrenhaveweeklycontactwiththeirmothersand20%havedailycontactwiththeirmothers.Othersurveyshaveshownthat40%ofadultshaveface-tofacecontactwiththeirparentsonceaweek.The2014NationalSurveyofFamilyandHousehold(NSFH)showedthat78%ofadultsviewtheirrelationshipwiththeirmotherandfatherasexcellent.Only0.03%ofthosesurveyedviewedthatrelationshipas“bad”.Theremainderswereambivalentintheirperceptionoftheirparents.ThisfindingisconfirmedbymucholderstudiesofthesamephenomenonalsoconductedbytheNationalSurveyofFamiliesandHouseholds.Ofthosesurveyed,66%contactedtheirparentsonceaweekormoreandonly10%didnotcontacttheirparentsatall.Inpart,thisisaproductofthedistanceatwhichadultchildrenlivefromtheirparents.The2014surveyshowedthat67%ofadultchildrenlivewithin100milesoftheirparentsandthat38%livewithintenmilesoftheirparents.However,afull20%ofthosesurveyedlive1,000milesormoreawayfromtheirparents.1、Accordingtothepassage,therelationshipbetweenmostAmericanoldpeopleandtheiradultchildrenis______.A．terribleanddistant B．a(chǎn)nnoyinganddifficultC．greatandclose D．neithergoodnorbad2、Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningtotheunderlinedword“diverge”inparagraph1?A．differ B．meet C．exist D．transfer3、Fromthepassage,welearnthat______.A．generationgapbecomesinvisibleifoldparentsandadultchildrenliveseparatelyB．relationshipbetweenparentsandchildrenhasbecomemuchbetterthanbeforeC．someoldparentswouldratherdiebecausetheirchildrenareannoyedatthemD．livingfarawaymayleadtopeople’slessornocontactwiththeirparents第三部分語言知識運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)．26．（30分）Traditionalfairytalesarebeingabandonedbyparentsbecausetheyaretooscaryfortheiryoungchildren,astudyfound.Researchrevealedoneinfiveparentshas1oldclassicssuchasSnowWhiteandtheSevenDwarvesandRapunzel（長發(fā)公主）in2ofmoremodernbooks.Onethirdofparentssaidtheirchildrenhavebeenleftin3afterhearingthehorribledetailsofLittleRedRidingHood.Andnearlyhalfofmothersandfathers4toreadRumplestiltskin（紡織姑娘）totheirkidsasthe5ofthestoryarekidnappingandkilling.6,GoldilocksandtheThreeBearswasalsoatalelikelytobe7onthebookshelfasparentsfelt8condones（寬?。﹕tealing.The9of2,000adultswascommissioned（委任）to10thelaunchofthehitUSdramaGRIMM,11startstonightat9p.m.onWatch,andseessixpieces12ontraditionalfairytales.Thepollfoundaquarterofparentspolledwouldn’t13readingafairytaletotheirchilduntiltheyhad14theageoffive.And52percentoftheparentssaidCinderelladidn’tsendagood15totheirchildrenasitdescribesayoungwoman16houseworkallday.SteveHornsey,GeneralManagerofWatch,said:“Bedtimestoriesaresupposedtocomfortchildrenandsendthemoffto17soundly.Fairytalescanbedarkanddramatictalessoit’s18thatparentsworryaboutreadingthemtoyoungchildren.Thestudyalsofoundtwothirdsofmumsanddadstryto19storieswhichmightgivetheirchildrennightmares.20,halfofparentssaidtraditionaltalesaremorelikelytohaveastrongmoralmessagethanalotofmodernkids’books,suchasTheGruffalo,TheHungaryCaterpillarandtheMr.Menbooks.1、A．takenupB．putupC．broughtupD．givenup2、A．favourB．memoryC．honorD．spite3、A．needB．tearsC．debtsD．surprise4、A．a(chǎn)greeB．intendC．refuseD．enjoy5、A．problemsB．questionsC．sentencesD．themes6、A．SimilarlyB．FortunatelyC．SuddenlyD．Immediately7、A．a(chǎn)rrangedB．leftC．clarifiedD．sorted8、A．heB．sheC．itD．its9、A．reportB．suggestionC．decisionD．survey10、A．drawB．markC．paintD．pull11、A．thatB．whatC．whenD．which12、A．dependedB．stuckC．basedD．fixed13、A．pretendB．considerC．wantD．imagine14、A．a(chǎn)rrivedB．gotC．reachedD．increased15、A．letterB．cardC．emailD．message16、A．doingB．cleaningC．makingD．taking17、A．playB．workC．sleepD．school18、A．understandableB．uncomfortableC．unbelievableD．unchangeable19、A．readB．a(chǎn)voidC．reciteD．repeat20、A．ThereforeB．BesidesC．OtherwiseD．However第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。27．（15分）FormorethansixmillionAmericanchildren,cominghomeafterschoolmeanscominghometoanemptyhouse.Allofthemhavesomething1．common.Theyspendpartofeachdayalone.Theyarecalledlatchkeychildren,2．lookafterthemselveswhiletheirparentswork.LynetteSmithwasoncetheheadmasterofaschool.Shesaid,“Wehadaschoolruleagainst3．(wear)jewelry.Alotofkidshadchainsaroundtheirneckswithkeysfastened.Iwas4．(constant)tellingthemtoputtheminsidetheirshirts.Thereweresomanykeys.Itnevercametomymindwhattheymeant.”Slowly,shelearnedtheywerehousekeys.Sheandherhusband5．(begin)talkingtothechildren.Fearisthe6．(big)problemfacedbychildrenathomealone.Oneineachthreelatchkeychildrenwerescared.Manyhadnightmaresandwere7．(worry)abouttheirownsafety.Themostcommonwaylatchkeychildrendealwiththeirfearsisbyhiding.Itmightbeinashowerstall,underabed,8．inacloset.ThesecondisTV.Theyoftenplayitathighvolume.9．Smithslearnedit’shardtogetstatisticsonlatchkeychildren.Mostparentsareunwilling10．(admit)theyleavetheirchildrenalone.第四部分寫作（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)短文改錯（滿分10分）28．（10分）短文改錯假定英語課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改短文，請你修改你同桌寫的以下作文，文中共存10處語言錯誤，每句中最多有兩處，每處錯誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。增加:在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號（^），并在其下而寫出該加的詞。刪除:把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。修改:在錯的詞下面畫一橫線，并在其下面寫出修改后的詞。注意：1每處錯誤及其修改均僅限一詞；2只允許修改10處，多者（從第11處起）不計(jì)分。DearSally,Doyourememberme?WewereusedtogotoAllendalesSchooltogether.Youwerethefirstpers