2021-2022學(xué)年廣東省廣州市某中學(xué)高三壓軸卷英語(yǔ)試卷含解析

2021-2022高考英語(yǔ)模擬試卷

注意事項(xiàng)：

1.答卷前，考生務(wù)必將自己的姓名、準(zhǔn)考證號(hào)、考場(chǎng)號(hào)和座位號(hào)填寫(xiě)在試題卷和答題卡上。用2B鉛筆將試卷類型（B）

填涂在答題卡相應(yīng)位置上。將條形碼粘貼在答題卡右上角"條形碼粘貼處"o

2.作答選擇題時(shí)，選出每小題答案后，用2B鉛筆把答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)題目選項(xiàng)的答案信息點(diǎn)涂黑；如需改動(dòng)，用橡皮擦

干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答案不能答在試題卷上。

3.非選擇題必須用黑色字跡的鋼筆或簽字筆作答，答案必須寫(xiě)在答題卡各題目指定區(qū)域內(nèi)相應(yīng)位置上；如需改動(dòng)，先

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4.考生必須保證答題卡的整潔?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將本試卷和答題卡一并交回。

第一部分（共20小題，每小題1.5分，滿分30分）

1.foryearsofhardtraining,shewouldnotbestandingonthestage,receivinghugecheersandapplause.

A.ItwerenotB.Ithadnotbeen

C.WereitnotD.Haditnotbeen.

2.Thankstothespecialchemicalofthesoilinthemountainousarea,thiseconomicplantgrowswellthere.

A.compositionB.competence

C.constructionD.conclusion

3.—Isthisteagoodcoldaswell?

_withice,thisteaisespeciallydelicious.

A.ServedB.ServingC.HavingservedD.Tobeserved

4.There'sanotherwaytosurvivethiscompetition-awaynooneeverseemstotellyouabout,youhavetolearn

foryourself.

A.oneB.itC.thatD.another

5.Itellyouwithcertaintythathewon'tbeabletofinishitbeforethedeadline.

A.willB.mustC.canD.may

6.Theaccidentwhichleft15peopleonboarddeadifboththeangryfemalepassengerandthebusdriverhad

keptcalm.

A.shouldhaveavoidedB.shouldbeavoided

C.couldhaveavoidedD.couldhavebeenavoided

7.-Whenwillyoucomehomefordinner?I'llprepareitforyou.

■?Don'tit.Tileatoutwithmyfriends.

A.careaboutB.worryaboutC?botheraboutD.talkabout

8.WithWeChatPaycomingintowidespreaduse,ourhouseholdbillsareconvenient,

A.payingB.paidC.topayD.tobepaid

9.—Whereistheplane?Ican*tseeit.

?一Itwentoffitstokeepawayfromthesuddenstorm.

A.courseB.road

C.flightD.direction

10.ThefamousbookFrankenstein,byBritishnovelistMaryShelley,isthefirstworkofsciencefiction.

A.writingB.havingwritten

C.writtenD.waswritten

11.—Hemadeanapologybeblamedwhathehaddone.

一It*sreallywiseofhim.

A.soastonot;ofB.inordertonot;for

C.soasnotto;forD.inordernotto;of

12.—DidyoumeetMr.Smith?

一Yes.WhenIarrived,heforNewYorktoattendapressconference.

A.wasjustleavingB.justleft

C.justleavesD.hadjustleft

13.—Peopleshouldstopusingtheircarsandstartusingpublictransport.

—,Theroadsaretoocrowdedasitis.

A.AllrightB.Exactly

C.GoaheadD.Fine

14.thedifferencebetweenthetwofindingsisoneoftheworstmistakesyou'vemade.

A.IgnoredB.Ignoring

C.ToignoreD.Havingignored

15.TheInternationalMonetaryFundhasreceivedbothcriticismandforitseffortstopromotefinancialstability,

preventcrises,facilitatetrade,andreducepoverty.

A.worshipB.credit

C.argumentD.privilege

16.OnthebusIsawastudentIbelievedwasyourbrother,

A.whoB.whom

C.whichD.whoever

17.ThepostofficeisclosedSaturdayafternoon.

A.onB.inC.ofD.at

18.Ifhehisteacher'ssuggestion,hewouldhavewontheEnglishSpeechContest.

A.hadfollowedB.shouldfollow

C.wastofollowD.followed

19.Thenumberofstay-at-homefathersreachedarecordhighlastyear,newfiguresshow,familiessawarisein

femalebreadwinners.

A.as

C.becauseD.though

20.Iamsurethatthegirlyouaregoingtomeetismorebeautifulthaninherpictures.

A.innatureB.inmovementC.inthefleshD.inthemood

第二部分閱讀理解（滿分40分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。

21.（6分）Thereisabreakthroughinbuildingaircrafts.Bendablewingscoveredwithoverlapping（部分重疊）pieces

resemblingfishsizescouldbeusedtobuildswifter,fuel-efficientaircraft,anewstudyfinds.

Nowadays,conventionalaircraftstypicallyrelyonailerons（副翼）tohelpcontrolthewaytheplanestipastheyfly.

However,whentheWrightbrothersflewthefirstairplane,Flyer1,overacenturyago,theyusednoaileronsbutwires

andpulleysthattwistedthewood-and-canvaswings,tocontroltheplane,

Scientistshavelongsoughttodevelopaircraftsthatcanaltertheirwingsduringflight,justasbirdscan.However,

mostpreviousattemptshavefailedbecausetheyreliedonheavymechanicalcontrolstructureswithinthewings.These

structureswerealsocomplexandunreliable,saidNeilGershenfeld,aphysicistanddirectoroftheCenterforBitsand

AtomsatMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）.

Thenewwingconsistsofasystemoftiny,strong,lightweightmodules.Theshapeofthewingcanbechangeduniformly

alongitslengthusingtwosmallmotors,whichapplyatwistingpressuretoeachwingtip.Thesewingsarecoveredin

“skins“ofoverlappingstripsofflexiblematerialresemblingfishsizes.Thesestripsmoveacrosseachotherasthewings

alter,providingasmoothoutersurface,theresearchersexplained.

Wind-tunneltestsofthesewingsshowedthattheyatleastmatchedtheaerodynamicpropertiesofconventional

wings,ataboutone-tenththeweight.Initialtestsusingremotelypilotedaircraftsmadewiththesewingshaveshown

greatpromise,saidBenjaminJenett,agraduatestudentattheCenterforBitsandAtomsatMIT.

Thenewmodularstructuresthescientistsdevelopedcouldbemanufacturedquicklyinmassquantitiesandthen

installedbyteamsofsmallrobots.Thesemodularstructuresalsocanbedisassembledmoreeasily,makingrepairs

simpler.

“Still,thefirstaircraftbuiltusingthisstrategywillnotbeapassengerjet,^Gershenfeldsaid.^Instead,the

technologywilllikelyfirstbetestedonunmannedaircraft,leadingtodrones（無(wú)人機(jī)）thatcanflyforalongtime,to

helpdeliverinternetaccessormedicinetoremotevillagesanddosomerescueworks.”

1、Whydidmostpreviousaircraftsfailtoflylikebirds?

A.Thepreviouswingswerecomplicatedandweighedalot.

B?Thepreviousaircraftreliedonaileronstocontroldirections.

C.Therewerefewscientiststodoresearchonthelighterwings.

D.Therewaslittlefuelintheaircraftstomakethemflyintheair.

2、Whatisthefourthparagraphmainlyabout?

A.Theshapeofthenewwings.

B.Theresultofthetestedwings.

C.Thefunctionofthesmallmotors.

D.Theworkingprincipleofthenewwings.

3、Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedwordudisassembled,9inParagraph6?

A.putaway

B.takenapart

C.invented

D.analyzed

4、Whatwillthedronesmadebythenewwingsbefirstlyusedtodo?

A.Carrypassengers.

B?Savepeopleindanger.

C.Testplanes.

D.Monitorthevillages.

22.（8分）Forthefirsttimeeverscientistspreparetosetabouta3-year-longproject,theNektonMission,

toexploretheIndianOceananddocumentchangestakingplacebeneaththewavesthatcouldaffectthesurrounding

regionoverthecomingdecades.

Theambitiousexplorationteamwillreachoneofthelastmajorunexploredfrontiersontheplanet,avastbodyof

waterthat'salreadyfeelingtheeffectsofglobalwarmingwithrisingwatertemperaturesdamagingitscoralreefs（珊瑚

礁）.UnderstandingtheIndianOcean'secosystemisimportantnotjustforthespeciesthatliveinit,butalsoforthe2.5

billionpeoplelivingintheregion.

TheNektonMissionissupportedbymorethan40organizations.Researcherswillspendsevenweekssurveying

underwaterlife,maptheseafloor,anddropsensors（傳感器）todepthsofupto6,560feetintheseasaroundthe

Seychelles.

TheSeychellesaimstobecomealeaderinthedevelopmentofawblueeconomy,9thatdrawsontheresourcesofthe

ocean.ltreliesonfishingandtourism?buthaslatelyalsobeenexploitingoilandgasfrombeneaththeseafloor."Our

oceanisundergoingrapidecologicaltransformationbyhumanactivities.TheNektonMissionisvitaltohelpusbetter

knowouroceanspaceandresourcestomakewisedecisions.Onlywhenweknowwhatwehaveintheoceanandwhatis

itsvaluecallweproperlydecidewhattoexploitandwhattoleaveuntouched*“saidJumeau,theSeychelles^mbassador

totheUN.

ThemissionwillconductfurtherdivesinotherpartsoftheIndianOceanoverthreeyears.Theresearchersexpect

todiscovernewspeciesandsendvideostotheworldbysatellite.Theresearchwillprovideinformationforasummit（峰

會(huì)）abouttheIndianOceanplannedforlate2021.

1、WhydothescientistsplantoexploretheIndianOcean?

A.Tosavetheendangeredcreatureslivinginthesea.

B.Todiscoverthedamagemankindhasdonetotheocean.

C.Tomakethebestuseofthenaturalresourcesinthesea.

D.Toprotectitsspeciesandpeoplelivingaroundtheregion.

2、WhichisnotincludedinthetaskstobecarriedoutaroundtheSeychelles?

A.Drawingmapsoftheseafloor.B.Findingtreasuresunderthesea.

C.Puttingsensorsintothedeepsea.D.Studyingunderwaterlife.

3、WhatcanbelearnedabouttheNek-tonMission?

A.ItwillextendbeyondtheIndianOcean.

B.Itwillbenefitalotfromublueeconomy".

C.Itwillcontributetothe2021conference.

D.Itwillfindsolutionstoglobalwarming.

4、Whatcanbeasuitabletitlefurthetext?

A.ScientistsAretoExploretheIndianOcean

B.TheSeychellesAimstoBuilda“BlueEconomy99

C.EffectsofGlobalWarmingonMarineEcosystem

D.IndianOcean:theLastUnexploredFrontieronthePlanet

23.（8分）Ascientistwhodevelopedawaytocalculatehowmuchwaterisusedintheproductionofanythingfrom

acupofcoffeetoahamburgerwasawardedthe2008Stockholm.WaterPrize.

ProfessorJohnAnthonyAllanoftheUniversityofLondoninBritainwontheawardforintroducingtheideaof

“virtualwater（虛擬水）calculationmethodthathaschangedthenatureoftradepolicyandresearch.

Allanhaswrittensevenbooksandpublishedmorethan100papers.

TheStockholmInternationalWaterInstitutesaidthisideaisnowembedded（埋藏）intheproductionoffoodsand

industrialproducts.TheinstitutesaidAllan'sworkhadmadeabigeffectonglobaltradepolicyandresearch,especially

inwater-scarce（缺水的）regions.

“Theimprovedunderstandingoftradeandwatermanagementissuesonlocal,regionalandglobalscalesareofthe

highestvalueforthesuccessfulandsustainable（可持續(xù)的）useofwaterresources,,9itsaid.

“Peopledonotonlyusewaterwhentheydrinkitortakeashower,Mtheinstitutesaid.uBehindthemorningcupof

coffee,thereare140litersofwaterthatwasusedtogrow,produce,packageandshipthebeans."Thatisaboutasmuch

waterasapersoninEnglandusesonaverageforalldailydrinkingandhouseholdneeds.

HForasinglehamburger,about2,400litersofwaterareneeded.IntheUSA,theaveragepersonusesnearly7,000

litersofvirtualwatereveryday."ItsaidthatwasmorethanthreetimestheaverageuseofaChineseperson.

1、Allanwasawardedtheprizebecause?

A.hewrotesevenbooksontradepolicy

B.hepublishedmorethan100papersonwatermanagement

C.liefoundanewkindofwaterinwater-scarceareas

D.hecameupwiththeideaofvirtualwater

2、WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

A.TheaverageAmericanusesabout7,000litersofwateraday.

B?TheaverageChineseusesnearly2,300litersofvirtualwateraday.

C.AnEnglishmanusuallydrinksabout140litersofcoffeeaday.

D.Ahamburgerusuallycontainsabout2,400litersofwater.

3、WhatdowelearnaboutJohnAnthonyAllanfromthepassage?.

A.Hewonthe2008NobelPrize.

B.Hehaswrittenover100books.

C.HeworksattheUniversityofLondon.

D.HelivesintheUSA.

4、Whateffectdoestheideaofvirtualwaterhave?

A.Ithelpsusrealizetheimportanceoftrade.

B.Ithelpspeopledosuccessfulbusiness.

C.Ithelpsusmakeuseofwaterscientifically.

D.Ittellsushowmuchwaterweuseaday.

24.（8分）

ListPrice:$34.99

SalePrice:$31.49

RecommendedAge:6monthsoldandup

Material:cotton

Details:Thevehicle（車）canbeacar,asailingboatoranaircraft,youcanchoose.Each

DreamJourneyofthetoyshasitsownplayvalue-rattle（發(fā)聲器）andsmallbell.There火plentyofroom

onboardfordollstoenjoytheride.Packagedinabox.

ListPrice:$190.00

SalePrice:$190.00

RecommendedAge:3to5yearsold

Material:steel

Details:Coolrideandhotcolor.Youngdriversenjoyadeluxe（豪華的）rideinthispink

Hummer.Thissetofwheelsinvitesadmiringglancesasyourkiddrivesalong.

PinkHummer?IncludesHummerRide-On,a6Vrechargeablebattery,andacharger

?Chargetime6hours;runtime1hour

?Maximumspeedof2.5kmph

ListPrice:$50.00

SalePrice:$44.99

RecommendedAge:3yearsoldandup

Material:wood

Details:AwoodenForkliftwillloadandunloadallowingachildtoenjoyreallife

activities.Astheforkliftgoesupanddown,itmakesasound.Thisitemwillimprovea

WoodenForklift

child'shandandeyecoordination（調(diào)節(jié)）andwillinspireimagination.DOLLNOT

INCLUDED.

ListPrice:$31.99

■hASalePrice:$26.99

RecommendedAge:1yearoldandup

Material:plastic

Details:Alittlevehiclewithadriverandsixdifferentbuildingblocks,eachwithitsown

FirstBlocks

surpriseorvisualelement,forplaying,buildingordiscovering.

541、Ifyouhaveababyof8monthsold,whichofthefollowingmaybeproperforyourbaby?

A.DreamJourney.B.FirstBlocks.

C.WoodenForklift.D.PinkHummer.

1、Ifyouwanttochooseawoodentoyfromtheboxes,youmaypay?

A.$26.99B.$31.49

C.$44.99D.$190.00

2、IfyoubuyFirstBlocks,youwillfindtherearetoypartstogether.

A.fiveB.six

C.sevenD.eight

25.（10分）TheUnitedStates9jobmarkethasmillionsofunfilledjobs.Manyofthosejobsrequiretechnical

skills.However,employerssaymanyofthosejobsarevacantbecausetheycannotfindpeoplewiththerightskills.

Laborexpertscallthisparadoxtheskillsgap.Anumberofeffortshavebeenlaunchedtobetterunderstandandsolveit.

NicholasWymanwroteabookcalled,uJobU:HowtoFindWealthandSuccessbyDevelopingtheSkills

CompaniesActuallyNeed."Hecallstheskillsgap,“alabormarketmismatch—peoplewithoutjobsandjobswithout

people.”

IntheUnitedStates,thecostofatraditionalfour-yearcollegecanbeveryhigh.U.S.collegesanduniversities

producemanygraduateseveryyear.Yetunemploymentratesamongnewgraduatesarehigh.

NicholasWymansaysacombinationoftechnicalclassesandon-the-jobtraining—anapprenticeship（學(xué)徒）一

wouldbeabetterchoiceformanypeople.Henotesthat,“Anapprenticeshipiswhereyoulearnfromaspecialist,you

areprovidedguidanceandyoulearninanon-the-jobenvironment.Itisvitaltogettechnicalskillsthatareofimmediate

valuetoanemployer.Anditisimportanttogettransferrableskillsbecausetechnologyandthenatureoftheworkplace

arechangingatafasterratethanbefore.”

Therearequestionsaboutthedefinition,size,andnatureoftheskillsgapinthelaborforce.IowaStateUniversity

researchersstudiedsomeofthesequestionsrecently.Theyexaminedemployment,educationandpopulation

information,andfoundtheevidenceofaskillsgapisweak.

IowaState'sLiesIEathingtonnotedthatmanypolicymakersandemployerssaythereisopportunityin“middle

skills“areas,likemachining.Yetshesaidthemostrecentrecession（經(jīng)濟(jì)衰退）hitsomeofthosejobareashard.Shesaid

studentsshouldbeonguardbecause“oureconomyreallyisn'taddingthatmanyjobsthatrequirethemiddleskiHs.”

Shesaidemployerscouldgetmorewell-qualifiedapplicantsiftheyofferedhigherwages.Shenotedthatgraduates

oftwo-yeartrainingprogramsstillgenerallymakelessmoneythangraduatesoffour-yearcolleges.

Thequestionoffindingthenightpersonfortherightjobremainsadifficultone.TheDepartmentofLaborsays8.7

millionArmeniansareunemployedandanother6.7millioncanfindonlypart-timework.

1、Theunderlinedword“paradox”inparagraph1refersto.

A.thelargenumberofunemployednewgraduates

B.thedemandsemployersmakeonemployees

C.peoplewithoutjobsandjobswithoutpeople

D.peopledisqualifiedforthevacantpositions

2、WhatwillNicholasWymanprobablyadvisenewgraduatestodotogetemployed?

A.Toreceivetechnicaltraining.B.Todropthecostlycollegeeducation.

C.Tovaluethejobopportunities.D.Toarmthemselveswithvariousskills.

3、AccordingtoLieslEathington,whatisthesolutiontotheskillsgap?

A.Reformingthedullnessofeconomy.B.Guardingagainstrecessions.

C.Updatingworkers'professionalskills.D.Raisingemployees9earnings.

第三部分語(yǔ)言知識(shí)運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)）第一節(jié)（每小題L5分，滿分30分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、

C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng).

26?（30分）Irememberwhenmyhusbandstartedcoachingthebasketballteamatalocalhighschoolin

Richmond,California.Hehada（n）1forsportsandlovedworkingwithkids.Sittinginthestandsduringthefirst

game,!cried2joyasIwatchedhiminteractwiththestudents.Heseemedto3

Onthecarridehome,webothrealizedthathehasagiftfor4.Notjustonthe5,butalsointhe

classroom.He6awell-paidjobinfinance9andwentbacktoschoolto7histeachingcertification.Helandeda

jobteaching8thgradeUShistorytotheamazingkidsatHelmsMiddleSchoolinSanPablo,California.Hehadfoundhis

occupation.LittledidIknowthatIwouldbeinthe8』oo.

MyhusbandknowsthatIworkforasoftwarecompanythatdoesstuffwith3Dprintingandthatwegetfreetickets

toMakerFaire（倉(cāng)!j客節(jié)），butthat'susuallytheextentofhisinterestmmyprofession.SoIwas9whenheaskedme

tobea（n）10speakerinhisclassthatfirstyear.

11Iwasplanningmyfirstlessonforhisstudents,!askedmyself,“WhatshouldIdo?HovvdoIintegrate（融

入）12,modelingand3Dprintinginto8lhgradeUShistory?^113myfriendsfromMakemagazine,readthe

localteacherblogsandthoughtIwas14togo.Buta15thinghappenedduringmyfirstlesson:Ikindof

failed.Theendresult,16,wasbetterthanIever17

Attheendoftheclass,!askedthestudentshowtheyfeltaboutwhat18hadjustlearned.Theyraisedtheir

handsand19answersandsoughtmeouttomorequestions.Whenthebellrang,theythankedmeformy20

1、A.signB.excuseC.planD.passion

2、A.withB.underC.besideD.upon

3、A.apologizeB.shineC.forgetD.quit

4、A.researchingB.teachingC.composingD.writing

5、A.theoryB.subjectC.courtD.ride

6、A.leftB.heardC.offeredD.desired

7、A.enjoyB.exchangeC.adoptD.obtain

8、A.studioB.stadiumC.classroomD.office

9、A.frightenedB.surprisedC.preparedD.satisfied

10、A.guestB.strangeC.fortunateD.smart

11、A.UnlessB.ThoughC.UntilD.While

12、A.distanceB.spiritC.designD.shelter

13、A.consultedB?mentionedC.understoodD.blamed

14、A.fortunateB.readyC.nervousD.sorry

15、A.basicB.meaningfulC.greatD.funny

16、A.moreoverB.besidesC.thereforeD.however

17、A.expectedB.confirmedC.disturbedD.appreciated

18、A.IB.sheC.theyD.he

19、A.putoutB.turnedoutC.shoutedoutD.figuredout

20、A.confidenceB.practiceC.energyD.time

第二節(jié)（每小題1.5分，滿分15分）閱讀下面材料，在空白處填入1個(gè)適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或括號(hào)內(nèi)單詞的正確形式。

27.（15分）語(yǔ)法填空

It'scommontoseefooddeliveryworkersridingelectricbikesinahurrythroughbigcitiesinChina.Someofthem

evenrisk1.（run）redlightstodelivertheirmealsintime.However,suchcarelessbehavioroftencausesserious

problems.

Thereasonfortheriseofsuchacarelessbehavioristhatthereis2.largedemandforfooddeliveryworkers,and

manycompaniesofferhighsalaries3.(attract)newworkers.

Infact,fooddeliveryworkersareoftenunderhigh4.(press)fromtheiremployers.Theyfacecompanyfinesfor

deliveringfoodlate.Moreover;themoreorderstheytake,themoremoneytheycanearn,5.leadstosomeworkers

checking6.(they)mobilephonesforneworderswhiletheyareridingtheirbikes

Whilemostcompaniesrequiredeliveryworkerstofollowtrafficrules,itremainsaproblemwhetherthese

requirementsandrulesare7.(strict)obeyed

Tosolvetheproblem,somecities8,(take)actionsincelastyear.Shanghairequiredthedeliveryworkers

should9.(train)ontrafficrulesandsafety.NowinShenzhen,ifadeliveryworkergetscaughtbreakingtrafficrules

morethantwice,heorshewillbebanned10,drivingfooddeliveryvehiclesforawholeyear.

第四部分寫(xiě)作(共兩節(jié))第一節(jié)短文改錯(cuò)(滿分10分)

28.(10分)假定英語(yǔ)課上老師要求同桌之間交換修改作文，請(qǐng)你修改你同桌寫(xiě)的以下作文。文中共有10處語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)

誤，每句中最多有兩處。每處錯(cuò)誤僅涉及一個(gè)單詞的增加、刪除或修改。

增加：在缺詞處加一個(gè)漏字符號(hào)(A),并在其下面寫(xiě)出該加的詞。

刪除：把多余的詞用斜線(\)劃掉。

修改：在錯(cuò)的詞下劃一橫線，并在該詞下面寫(xiě)出修改后的詞。

注意：1、每處錯(cuò)誤及其修改均僅限一詞；

2、只允許修改10處，多者(從第11處起)不計(jì)分。

Lastyear,ZhangPingyupaidvisittoLondon、Worriedaboutthetimeavailable,ZhangPingyuhadmadealistofthe

siteshewantedtosee>ItwastheTowerwhichshevisitedfirst、Fancy!Thissolidstone,squaretowerhadbeen

remainedstandingforonethousandyears、Manynewbuildingshadexpandedaroundit、Therefore,itwasstillpartof

aroyalpalaceandprisoncombined>TherefollowedStPaul'sCathedral