Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusage課件高中英語(yǔ)譯林版（2020）選擇性

Unit2UnderstandingeachotherGrammarandusageGeorgeBernardShaw,

20thcenturywriter“AmericaandEnglandaretwocountriesdividedbyacommonlanguage.”Step1:Lead-inAlthoughUKandUSAspeakacommonlanguage,differencesexist.DoyouknowsomeofthemStep1:Lead-inStep1:Lead-in

DifferencesbetweenA.E.&B.E.AmericanEnglishBritishEnglishExamples跳舞足球顏色[d?ns][dɑ?ns]footballsoccercolorcolourAspectspronunciationvocabularyspellingcommunicationstylesStep2:ReadingCommunicationstylesIntheUK:

IntheUSA:indirectBritishpeopleareespeciallypolitewhencommunicating.directAmericanstendtogetstraighttothepointwhencommunicating.個(gè)人記敘一個(gè)重要的差別

關(guān)于，至于

留下印象

對(duì)…有偏好

直奔主題

UsefulExpressionsapersonalaccount...asignifcantgapintermsofleaveanimpressiononhaveapreferenceforgostraighttothepointBelowisapersonalaccountbyaChinesestudentwhostudiedintheUKandtheUSA.Findthesentenceswithrelativeclausesandfillinthetablebelow.Thefirstonehasbeendoneforyou.個(gè)人陳述12345restrictiverelativeclause限制性定語(yǔ)從句non-restrictiverelativeclause非限制性定語(yǔ)從句AExploringtherulesrelativeclauses定語(yǔ)從句necessaryadditionalthatArestrictiverelativeclauseisusedtomodifyanoun,pronounornounphraseandgives(1)____________informationaboutit.Fortheclause,thereisnocommabeforeit.Anon-restrictiveclausegives(2)____________informationabouta

noun,pronounornounphraseinthesentence,orthemainclause.Wecannotuse(3)____________tointroduceit.necessaryWorkingouttherulesadditional

that

不能用that和why引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)系詞

指代在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞thatwhich人、物物主、賓、表主、賓、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、賓賓定（...的）as人、物主、賓、表whenwherewhy時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)ApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

1.IntheUK,__________punctualityisveryimportant,youshouldtrynottoarrivelate.2.InThailand,thefoot,__________isconsideredanuncleanpartofthebody,shouldnotbepointedtowardsanotherperson.3.InEurope,therearemanydifferenttypesofgreetings,________cheekkissingisjustoneexample,anditisimportanttoknowwhichonetouse.wherewhichofwhichApplyingtherulesB1Fillintheblankswithproperpronouns,relativeadverbsor“preposition+relativepronoun”structure.

4.Whenwetravel,weshouldpayattentiontosituations________/___________theremightbeunwrittenrules,suchasgiftgiving.5.Mysister,________worksinJapan,findsitoddthatshehastodoexerciseatthestartofherworkingday.whereinwhichwho沒(méi)有目的意識(shí)到

已婚夫婦

與…相符合

免除尷尬

注意…UsefulExpressionsonpage21havenointentionofbeawareofamarriedcouplecorrespondtospareyourselfembarrassmentmindthat...Thepassagebelowisabouttaboos.Completeitwiththecorrectrelativeclausesintheboxbelow.TherearetwoclauseyoudoNOTneedtouse.Writethelettersintheblanks..B2Atabooissocialbehaviourthatisnotallowed.Therearemanydifferenttaboosaroundtheworld,(1)______.Theyoftenvaryfromsocietytosociety.Taboosareusuallyrelatedtocertainitemsorpeople.Those(2)______arelikelytofeelupsetorembarrassedeveniftheyhavenointentionofhurtingothers,andthesituationwillalsobeawkwardforthepeoplearoundthem.aeB2Whenyoumeetpeoplefromdifferentcultures.Itisimportanttounderstandwhatyoucannotdo.Ifyouarenotawareofthedifferences,(3)______,somestrangethingsmighthappen.Forexample,inChina,givinganumbrellaasagifttoyourfriendoramarriedcouple,exceptwhenitisactuallyraining,shouldbeavoided.Thisisbecausethewordthatcorrespondsto“umbrella”inChinesesoundslikeanotherChineseword(4)______dfB2Beforeyoutraveltoanewcountry,itisagoodideatofindoutaboutthelocaltaboos.Ifyouknowwhattoavoidandhowtobehave,youwillspareyourselfembarrassment.Mindthattabooschangewiththetimes.Somebehavior(5)______mightbeacceptednow.bB2afewofwhichareuniversalbthatwasnottoleratedbeforecwhoseesomeonebreakingataboodwhichmayseemunimportanttousewhobreakstaboosfwhichmeans“toseparate”gthatmakeuppartofacountry’sculturalidentity定語(yǔ)從句的考點(diǎn)突破關(guān)系詞

指代在從句中充當(dāng)?shù)某煞株P(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞thatwhich人、物物主、賓、表主、賓、表whowhomwhose人人人、物主、賓賓定（...的）as人、物主、賓、表whenwherewhy時(shí)間地點(diǎn)原因時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)原因狀語(yǔ)考點(diǎn)一：要用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞？1.Thelittleproblems____________wemeetinourdailylivesmaybeinspirationsforgreatinventions.2.Thestudentsbenefitingmostfromcollegearethose_________aretotallyengaged(參與)inacademiclife.3.Theterribleaccidenthappenedontheday

myfatherleftforAmerica,aday

__

we’llneverforget.

4.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown________Iwasbroughtup5.Afteraboutanhour’sdrive,wereachedthesmalltown_____________islocatedatthefootofthemountain.(that/which)whowhen(that/which)wherethat/which小結(jié)：①當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，用關(guān)系代詞，作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，可省略。②當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中不缺主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)，要用關(guān)系副詞，在定語(yǔ)從句中作狀語(yǔ)。6.Hewaslookingpleasantlyatthechildrenandparcels________filledhisbus.7.Thisisthemostseriousandworstsituation______IhaveeverexperiencedasafanoftheNBA．8.Theyaskedhimtotellthemeverything________hesawatthefront.小結(jié)：①先行詞被the

only,

the

very(正是,恰是),

the

last

修飾時(shí)

;

② 當(dāng)先行詞既有人又有物,定語(yǔ)從句用that

引導(dǎo)(that既可指人也可指物)③

先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí);④先行詞是all,everything,

nothing,anything,

little,

much等不定代詞時(shí);⑤先行詞被all,

any,every,no,some,little,much等詞修飾時(shí);

⑥若主句中有疑問(wèn)代詞who,

which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù),關(guān)系代詞用that.that(that)(that)考點(diǎn)二：只用

關(guān)系代詞that的情況9.Inextremeweather,aworntyrecanbreakeasilywhereit’smended,________isoftenthecase.10.________youknow,inafootballmatch,playerstrytokickorheadtheballintotheopposingteam’sgoal.11.Mr.BlackisgoingtoBeijinginOctober,________isthebestseasonthere.12.Thegroundiscoveredwithsnowandice,________makesdrivingverydangerous.asAswhichwhich小結(jié)：①位置上：as引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句可置句首，句中，句尾；which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句只能放主句之后②先行詞：as修飾整個(gè)主句，意思為“正如……一樣”；which可以修飾整個(gè)主句，意思為“這件事，這一點(diǎn)”；也可以修飾主句的某個(gè)名詞或代詞考點(diǎn)三：as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別13.Theyalsohadasmallpond_______theyraisedfish.14.Theirchildisatthestage__________shecansayindividualwordsbutnotfullsentences.15.TheywenttoLondon,__________theylivedforsixmonths.wherewhere小結(jié)：關(guān)系副詞where既可以引導(dǎo)限制性定語(yǔ)從句，也可以引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。先行詞既可以是具體的地點(diǎn)名詞，也可以是抽象的地點(diǎn)名詞，如：point,stage,case,situation,condition,position,activity,scene,environment,circumstancewhere考點(diǎn)四：where引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句16.Behindhimwereotherpeople_______whomhewastryingtotalk,butaftersomeminutestheywalkedawayandsatnearme,lookingannoyed.17.1949wastheyear______whichtheP.R.C.wasfounded.18.Hisnaughtygrandsonhastakenawayhisglasses,______whichtheoldmancanseenothing.toinwithout考點(diǎn)五：介詞+which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句介詞怎么確定呢？①根據(jù)從句中動(dòng)詞或形容詞的習(xí)慣搭配②根據(jù)先行詞與介詞的搭配習(xí)慣③根據(jù)句子邏輯意思的需要talktosb“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句的注意事項(xiàng)1.當(dāng)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是固定搭配不可分割時(shí)，介詞不可提前。19.Thisisthepen

which/thatI’mlookingfor.20.Thisistheprogramwhich/thathelistenedto.常見(jiàn)搭配有：listento/lookat/dependon/lookfor/payattentionto/takecareof/lookafter/takepartin/makeuseof/catchupwith/getalongwith/hearof/lookforwardto等。2.介詞of+whom/which可替換由whose引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。21.Thisisthescientist_______achievementsarewellknown.22.Thisisthescientist,theachievementof______arewellknown.23.Thisisthehouse________windowbrokelastnight.24.Thisisthehouse,thewindowof________brokelastnight.whosewhomwhosewhich3.“名詞/代詞/數(shù)詞/表示整體或部分概念的詞+介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which/whom）”結(jié)構(gòu)可引出定語(yǔ)從句。25.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,mostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.26.Hepaidtheboy$10forwashingtenwindows,andmostof_____

hadn’tbeencleanedforatleastayear.27.Thefootballteamhas15members,theoldestof______is25yearsold.28.Thefootballteamhas15members,andtheoldestof______is25yearsold.whichthemwhomthem注意：

并列句有and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個(gè)句子用分號(hào)連接。

有并列連詞用人稱(chēng)代詞賓格，無(wú)并列連詞用關(guān)系代詞。做題技巧?29.Theway_________________heexplainedthesentencetouswasnotdifficulttounderstand.30.Theway_________________heusedtoexplainthesentencetouswasquitesimple.that/which/不填that/inwhich/不填缺狀語(yǔ)缺賓語(yǔ)小結(jié)：theway做先行詞時(shí),先看后面定語(yǔ)從句中是否缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):缺少主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ):that/which/不填(缺賓語(yǔ)時(shí))主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)都不缺:that/inwhich/不填考點(diǎn)六：先行詞為theway的定語(yǔ)從句31.MyfriendJane,who____(be)veryfriendlytousclassmates,hasavarietyofhobbies.32.Heistheonlyoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.33.Heisoneofthestudentswho_____(have)gotverygoodmarksinthematch.hashaveis先行詞的中心詞是theonlyone與先行詞一致先行詞是thestudents考點(diǎn)七：定語(yǔ)從句中的主謂一致問(wèn)題鞏固練習(xí)：1.WilliamHastieoncesuggestedthathistoryinformsusofpastmistakes________whichwecanlearnwithoutrepeatingthem.2.AttheChineseartfestival,therearedifferentstands________artistsdemonstratetheirskillsandteachthevisitors.3.Thenumberofsmokers,_____isreported,hasdroppedby17percentinjustoneyear.4.Dr.Rowan,__________secretaryresignedtwoweeksago,hashadtodoallhisowntyping.5.Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlything______heowns.fromwhereaswhosethat6.Wehaveenteredintoanage_______dreamshavethebestchanceofcomingtrue.7.Ontheedgeofthejacket,thereisapieceofcloth________givesofflightinthedark.8.Sheandherfamilybicycletowork,_________helpsthemkeepfit.9.Self-driving

is

an

area

_______

China

and

the

rest

of

the

world

are

on

the

same

startingline.10.Manyyoungpeople,mostof______werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.whenwhich/thatwhichwherewhom11.Whatsurprisedmewasnotwhathesaidbuttheway_____hesaidit.12.

ButSarah,______hastakenpartinshowsalongwithtopmodels,wantstoprovethatshehasbrainsaswellasbeauty.13.Jessicaistheonlyoneofthestudentsinmyclasswho___________(admit)intoauniversityinBeijinglastyear.14.Thereason______seniorboystudentshavedifficultyinEnglishlearningisthattheydidn’tbuildagoodfoundationintheirjuniorschools.15.Aftersuccessfullywinningtherighttohostthe2022WinterOlympics,Beijingwillbecometheworld’sfirstcity______hostsbothSummerOlympicsandWinterOlympics.thatwhowasadmittedwhythat高考真題鏈接：1.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)Yet,theformofthefablestillhasvaluestoday,_________RachelCarsonsaysin“AFableforTomorrow”.2.(2023全國(guó)甲卷)TherewasonceatownintheheartofAmerica_______alllifeseemedtoenjoypeacefulco-existencewithitssurroundings.3.(2023全國(guó)乙卷)Butforallitsancientbuildings,Beijingisalsoaplace___________welcomesthefast-paceddevelopmentofmodernlife,with21st-centuryarchitecturalwondersstandingsidebysidewithhistoricalbuildingsofthepast.4.(2022新高考I卷)Theplanwillextendprotectiontoasignificantnumberofareasthat_______(be)previouslyunprotected,bringingmanyoftheexistingprotectedareasofgiantpandasunderoneauthoritytoincreaseeffectivenessandreduceinconsistenciesinmanagement.aswherethat/whichwere5.(2022新高考I卷)TheGPNPisintendedtoprovidestrongerprotectionforallthespecies_________livewithin