2024中考英語試題研究 第二部分 重難題型專練 題型六 完成圖表（含答案）

2024中考英語試題研究第二部分重難題型專練題型六完成圖表話題一事物介紹（10年8考）Passage1(2023成都)1題Mapsmarkseas,countries,citiesandourhomes,andguideusthroughtheworld.Toknowthembetter,let'stakealookathowmapshavechangedoverthecenturies.Manyancientcountriesusedmaps.OneofthefirstisthoughttohavebeendrawnonthewallinLascaux,France,around16，500yearsago.2題Hiddenamongthedrawingsofbirdsandbulls(公牛)isamapofthestars.TheBabylonianMapoftheWorldistheoldestknownearthlymap,whichshowsBabylonanditsneighboringtownsonthestone.ClaudiusPtolemymademapsgoglobal.BorninEgyptaround100AD,hewasthefirstpersontotrytomakeaworldmap.3題Withthehelpofmath,Ptolemymarkedaround10，000locationsfromBritaintoAsiaandAfrica.PerhapsthemostcommonlyusedworldmapistheMercatorProjection.Itwasintroducedin1569byGerardusMercator.Animportantpartofmapsistheimaginarylinesoflongitude,latitudeandtheequator.Mercatortooktheglobeandmadeitflat(平的),buttodothishehadtomaketheareasfurthernorthandsouthlarger,whiletheareasnearerthemiddlestayabouttherightsize.ThereasonforthisisthattheEarthislikeaball,butamapisflat.4題Itiseasytofindplaces,butsomepeoplesaiditwasunfairbecauseplacesincludingCanada,theUKandEuropeappearedmuchbiggerthantheyreallywere.5題Inthe19thand20thcenturies,moderntechnologyallowedmapmakerstoproducemapsshowinglocationsexactly.Today,manypeopleviewmapsontheirphones.ResearchersareworkingtomaptheflooroftheoceansandtolocateeverytreeonEarth.ScientistsarealsotryingtomapthepastbyusingtheJamesWebbSpaceTelescope(JWST).Thisinventionwillcollectlightfromstarsandmayfindthesecretsaboutthebeginningoftheuniverse(宇宙)．【語篇研讀】What：介紹了地圖的發(fā)展史。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解地理知識、歷史軼事和現(xiàn)代科技，通過跨學(xué)科整合呈現(xiàn)多元化學(xué)習(xí)探索情境和語言應(yīng)用情境。How：①文體特征：說明文。②寫作手法：以時間為線索從16，500年前→公元100年→1569年→19和20世紀，層層遞進，分四個階段介紹了地圖的發(fā)展演變過程。TheHistoryofMapsMapsprovideuswithinformationof1.________．Ancientmaps★Oneofthefirstmapsisamapof2.________around16，500yearsago.★TheoldestearthlymapistheBabylonianMapoftheWorld.Mapsgoglobal★Thefirstworldmapwasdrawnbyusing3.________．★TheimaginarylinesintroducedtotheMercatorProjectionmadeitmostcommonlyused,butitstillneeded4.________．Mapsand5.________★Mapscanbeusedonthephone.★Mapscanhelpusknowmoreabouttheoceans,thelandandtheuniversethroughJWST.Passage2(2023錦江區(qū)二診)Manyanimalsmovefromoneplacetoanotheratcertaintimesoftheyear.Thisyearlymovementiscalledmigration.OneofthemostwonderfulmigrationsisthatoftheNorthAmericanmonarchbutterfly.1題Itmigratestofindfood,getapartner,orinsearchofwarmerweather.Everyautumn,millionsofthesebeautifulinsectsbeginalonganddifficultjourney.Theytravelaround4,000kilometerssouthandfindtheirwaytoCaliforniaorMexico.However,untilrecentlynooneknewhowtheydidthis.AteamofscientistsattheUniversityofWashingtonhasnowfoundtheanswer.Theyhavefoundoutthatthemonarchisabletotellthetimeofday.2題Also,itusesitseyestomeasure(測量)wherethesunisinthesky.Thesetwopiecesofinformationallowthebutterflytodecidewheretogo.3題Finally,itreachestheplacessuccessfullyanditwillspendthewinterthere.Thesolutiontothemysteryofthemonarch'samazingabilitycomesfinallywhileitisinserioustroublenow.Itspopulationhasfallendownbyasmuchas90percent.Inrecentyears,unusuallycoldtemperaturesandrainhavecausedmonarchstodieinlargenumbers.4題What'sworse,inmanyoftheplaceswherethebutterflycanbefound,peoplearedoingharmtothenaturalenvironment.Theycutdowntreesandusechemicalstokilltheplants,whichthemonarchmainlyeats.5題Thankstothosescientists,it'stheirresearchonthemonarchthathashelpedpeopletobetterunderstandhowimportantitistoprotectthiscreature.Peoplehavebeenworkingtogethertorecorditsmigrationandmakesurethatthereareenoughplantsforit.Willtheyreturn?Ibelievetherewillcomeatimewhenthenumberofmonarchbutterfliesincreasesonceagain.【語篇研讀】What：介紹了帝王蝶的相關(guān)知識。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生認識生物多樣性，意識到保護自然環(huán)境的重要性，樹立人與自然和諧共生的理念。How：①文體特征：說明文。②寫作手法：文章開頭通過下定義的說明方法引出文章主題，即北美帝王蝶的遷徙；此外，結(jié)尾采用設(shè)問的修辭手法，強調(diào)了保護帝王蝶和自然環(huán)境的重要性，引起讀者的反思和共鳴。Passage3(2023定心卷)外文素材改編自Twinkl減少塑料污染的方法Overtime,peoplehavebeencaringlessandlessabouttheearth,andnowwearetryingtodealwiththeresultsthathavebeencaused.Onemajorproblemisknownasplasticpollutionwhichhasunluckilybeencausedbycarelesshumans.Luckily,therearethingswecandotohelpreducethisdamage(傷害)．Whatisplasticpollution?Thebiggestproblemwithunwantedplasticisthepollutionanddamageitcausestotheenvironment.Becauseplasticischeapandeasytomake,humansbuyandusealotofit.Theythenthrowitaway.1題But,plasticissostrongthatwhenitisthrownaway,ittakeshundredsofyearstodecompose(分解).Itbreaksintotinypieces,whichthengetblownaroundbythewindandtherain.Lotsoftheplasticendsupinourriversandtheocean.2題Doyouknowsomethingterrible?Thereare6.3billiontonnesofplasticwasteonEarth.80%ofthepiecesswimmingintheoceanareplastic.267kindsofanimalsaroundtheworldareharmedbyplastic.Therearelotsofthingsweallcandotohelpendplasticpollution.It'simportanttofirsttryto“reduce”ouruseofplastics,then“reuse”wherepossible.Thelastisto“recycle”asthisstillhasabadinfluenceontheenvironment.Reduce:Avoidsingle-useplastics,usebambooandothersinstead.Youcan'tdothisalone.3題It'simportanttotalktoyourfamilyorschoolabouthowtoreducetheirplasticuse.Reuse:Ifyouhaveplasticthings,makesurethatyouusethemmanytimes.Forexample,insteadofbuyingnewones,refillandreusewaterbottlesandlunchbags.4題Also,avoidusingsingle-useplasticbagsforshopping,usingbagsmadeofcloth,thickpaperinstead.Recycle:5題Checkfortherecyclingsymbolbeforeyoubuyplasticsandmakesurethatyoualwaysrecycleplasticswhenyoucan,insteadofdealingwiththemasnormalrubbish.【語篇研讀】What：介紹了塑料垃圾產(chǎn)生的原因、造成的危害和減少塑料垃圾的方法。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生意識到環(huán)保的重要性，呼吁大家共同努力，減少塑料垃圾所造成的危害。How：①文體特征：說明文。②寫作手法：通過對比塑料易產(chǎn)生和難分解的兩個特點，強調(diào)塑料垃圾的危害性，讓學(xué)生更加直觀地了解塑料垃圾問題的嚴重性；此外，文中通過列數(shù)字，如“6.3billion，80%，267kindsof”等，呈現(xiàn)了塑料污染的嚴峻性，易引發(fā)讀者的思考。Passage4外文素材改編自ACTIVESKILLSFORREADING梳子的古與今Combs(梳子)aresocommonthatpeopleofallageswouldusethemalmosteveryday.Usedfirstasanecessarytoolinourdailylife,thecombhasdevelopedintomanyformsforalltypesofhair.Thetypeofcombsyouneedwillbedifferent.Itdependsonyourhair,aswellasthepurposeofthecomb.Combingdifferenthairrequiresdifferentcombs.Theearliestuseofthecombappearedasfarbackas5，000yearsago.Infact,manydifferentkindsofthecombhavebeenfoundthroughouthistory.Asearlyas5，500B． C.,theancientEgyptianscouldmakecombs.1題InancientChina,peopleworecombstoshowtheirsocialstatus(地位).Overtime,combshavenowdevelopedintoakindoftoolwithmoreuses,whichcanhelpcarepeople'shair.Today,therearehundredsofdifferentcombsforpeopletochooseanduse.Combsservedifferentfunctions(功能)fordifferenthairtypesandstyles.2題Typically,theyareveryhelpfulwhenyourhairisdisorderedorwet.Anothercommonuseforthecombistofixhairinoneposition.Combsmayalsobeusedtoparthairforcoloring,conditioningandbraiding(編織).Combscanalsobewornasdecorations(裝飾)thatholdhairinaspecificstyle.3題Duringthe1930sand1940s,haircombwerethebestchoiceofkeepinghairbeautiful.Intheearliesttime,combsweremadefrombonesofanimals.Butlater,toprotectanimals,peoplebegantomakecombsfromwoodorplasticwhicharestillusedwidelybymostpeople.Andcombscanbemadefromgold,butit'squiteexpensiveandusuallyusedasmarriagegiftforcommonpeople.Atpresent,combsaremadeintodifferentshapesandtypesindifferentcolors.Peoplecanchoosetheirfavoritecombsastheylike.5題Butwhenusingcombs,weshouldknowwe'dbetternotuseothers'combs.Andweshouldwashorbrushourcombswithcleanwaterasoftenaspossibletokeepthemclean.【語篇研讀】What：介紹了梳子的起源、作用、發(fā)展過程、制作材料和使用的注意事項等。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生了解古代傳統(tǒng)的手工藝品，體悟先民的智慧和文化魅力。How：①文體特征：說明文。②寫作手法：文章按照時間順序進行展開，如“5，000yearsago，Asearlyas5，500B．C.，Duringthe1930sand1940s，Intheearliesttime，Butlater，Atpresent”等，讓讀者能夠全面地了解梳子的發(fā)展史。話題二觀點建議eq\a\vs4\al\co1(（2017，2015）)Passage5(2023黑白卷)外文素材改編自THEWEEKJunior減少食物浪費Haveyoueverlookedinyourfood-wastebin(垃圾箱)?Itmaylookunpleasant,butinfactitgivesyouasignastohowmuchfoodyourfamilythrowsout.It'ssaidthatfamiliesintheUKcreatemorethansixmilliontonnesoffoodwasteeachyear.“Foodwaste”meansfoodthatcouldhavebeeneatenbutinsteadisthrownaway.Withfoodpricesrising,it'sagoodtimetobecomea“food-wastefighter”.1題Notonlywillitsavemoney,butalsoitisgoodfortheenvironment.Afterall,growing,packagingandtransportingfoodusealotofEarth'sresources.Herearesometipsthatcanhelpyoubecomefood-wastefighters.First,it'sagoodideatofindoutjusthowmuchfoodgoesintoyourbin.2題Keepadiaryandnotedownthefoodsthatyouthrowoutmostoftenandwhy.3題Planningmealsforthenextweekwithyourfamilycansavetimeandmoney.MeatfromaSundayroast(烤肉)couldgointosandwichesonMonday.Bananasthatarebrownandsoftcanbebakedintobananabreadattheweekend.Potatoesandcarrots,however,lastalongtimeiftheyarekeptinacoolanddarkplace.Cookingthecorrectportion(份量)sizehelpstoo.Weighoutnoodlesorriceyouneedbeforeyoucook.Andbeforeyoufillyourplate,checkhowhungryyouaresothatyoudon'tendupwithleavingfoodbecauseyou'retoofull.It'shardtokeeptrackoffoodthat'sgonetothebackofthefridge.4題Youcouldlabel(給……貼上標簽)as“Eatmefirst”foranythingthathasbeenthereforawhile.Inthisway,you'remorelikelytoeatthisfoodfirst.Yourfridgeisanotherwaytosavefood.5題Besides,someUKsupermarketshavetaken“bestbefore”datesofffruitandvegetablestoencouragepeopletousetheirnosesandeyestoworkoutifsomethingisactuallystillfinetoeat.Ifyouhaveanyquestions,youcanaskanadultforhelp.Don'tforgettoupdate(更新)yourdiarytoseehowmanychangesyoucanmake.【語篇研讀】What：介紹了世界上存在著嚴重的“食物浪費”現(xiàn)象，作者針對這種不良現(xiàn)象提出了五點建議。Why：引導(dǎo)學(xué)生關(guān)注食物浪費現(xiàn)象，提醒學(xué)生謹記“節(jié)約糧食，拒絕浪費”，并在實際生活中積極踐行。How：①文體特征：說明文。②寫作手法：文章開頭通過問句引起讀者的興趣和關(guān)注；接著用下定義的說明方法來解釋食物浪費的概念；此外，文章在介紹減少食物浪費的實用技巧時，采用了舉例的方式，如“MeatfromaSundayroast(烤肉)couldgointosandwishesonMonday.”等，使讀者更加容易理解和接受。Passage6外文素材改編自Evidence-BasedReading睡覺的奧秘Everylivingcreature(生物)needssleep.Youmaynotrealizeit,butmanyimportantthingshappentoyourbodyandmindwhileyou'resleeping.Gettingenoughsleepisextremelyimportant.Duringsleep,yourheart,lungs,muscles(肌肉)andnervoussystemcanrest.Atthesametime,theyprepareforanotherday.1題Gettingenoughsleephelpsyourbodyfightsickness,andyouwillfeelmuchbetterthenextday.Peoplewhodon'tsleepforenoughhoursmaynotthinkthattheyaresleepy,buttheyarelessabletofocusonandlearnnewinformation.2題Theywillbecomeemotional,andtheirreaction(反應(yīng))timescanbeslower.Whenyousleep,yourbodypassesthroughacyclethathasfivestages.Inthefirststage,youareeitherjustbeginningtofallasleeporaresleepinglightly.Inthesecondstageofsleep,yourbreathingandheartratebecomeregular,andyourbodytemperaturestartstodrop.Thethirdandfourthstagesarethedeepestandmostrestfulstagesofsleep.Inthesestages,yourmusclesarerelaxed,yourbreathingandheartrateareslowandregular,andenergyisstoredtoyourbody.3題Inthefifthandfinalstageofsleep,yourbraingetstherestthatitneedstofunctionwellthenextday.That'swhenyoureallyreachdeepsleep.Duringthisstageofsleep,youreachandmaintain(保持)REM(rapideyemovement),whichmeansthatyoureyeballsmoverapidlybeneathyourclosedeyelids.REMisalsothestageofsleepinwhichyour