高考英語語法復習學案

高考英語語法復習學案

五大基本句型

1.主(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/主語從句)----謂(vi.)(如:come,go,arrive,stay,work,fall,rise,die,happen,fail,

appear,lie,sit,stand,last)

(l).Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.

(2).Yourbrotherhasgonehome.

3).WeworkhardatEnglish.

2.主----謂(vt.如：visit,spend,forget,raise,have,seat,astonish,satisfy,embarass)—賓(n./pron./todosth/doingsth/賓語

從句)

(1).1studychemistryandhestudiesphysics.

(2).1haveneverseensuchaninterestingfilm.

(3).Hedoesn'tknowwhattoread.

3.主---謂(vt.)------間接賓語(sb)--------直接賓語(sth.)

(l).Givesbsth=Givesthtosb:send,pass,hand,show

(2).Buysbsth=Buysthforsb:make,get,cook,call,find

(3).Asksbsth=Asksthofsb

(l).Willyoulendmeyourbike?

(2).PeterboughtMaryanewdress.

(3).Pleasegethimsomehotwater.

(4).Willyoutellussthaboutyourschoollife?

(5).Thislittleboyisalwaysaskingtheteacherallsortsofquestions.

(6).Passmethepaper,please.

(7)JohnisteachingMaryhowtorideabicycle.

4.主-―謂(vt.)----賓---補(n./adj/adv/介詞短語/todosth--如：ask,tell,order,want,wish,encourage,allow,

forbid/Dosth——如：“四看“、“二聽"、"一感覺”;have,let與make/Doingsth/Donebysb.)

(1).1sawherenterthelab.

(2).NathanHalefelthisheartbeatingfast.

(3).Weelectedhimourschoolheadmaster.

(4).Thestudentsoftenkeeptheirclassroomcleanandtidy.

(5).rilhavethebikerepaired.

(6).1heardhimsinginghappilyinthenextroom.

(7).Thatmanmadetheboyobeyhim.

(8).Hepaintedthedoorred.

(9).Shefoundherbikestolen.

(10).letmehavealook.WecallherXiaoli.

(1l).Weaskedthemtostayforlunch.

(12).1wishyoutogowithme.

(13).Don'tkeepyourmotherwaiting.

(14).suddenlyshesawawalletlyingontheground.

(15).Whenhewokeup,hefoundhimselftieddown.

5.主---系(be/look,smell,taste,sound,feel/prove,remain,stay,keep/tui-n,get,become,make)----表。

(l).Thenewswasexciting.

(2).Hewasexcitedatthenews.

(3).Theteachers*officeiscleanandtidy.

(4).ShebecameaLeaguememberin1978.

(5).TheSummerPalacelooksespeciallybeautifulintheearlymorning.

(6).Themusicsoundssweet.

(7).Youranswerdoesn'tsoundright.

(8).Thedishsmellsgood/delicious.

(9).Theliquidtastesbitter.

(10).MyjobistoteachEnglish./teachingEnglish.

(1l).Thisstoryisveryinteresting.

(12).rminterestedinthestory.

(13).Hebecameawriterin1960.比較:

Heturnedwriterin1960.

(14).Hewillmakeagoodathlete.(成為)

希望你能熟記上述經(jīng)典例句，真正掌握這五大基本句型呀。

定語從句

1.什么叫定語從句？先行詞？引導詞？定語從句的位置如何？

(1).Aplaneisamachinethatcanfly.

(2).ThenoodlesthatIcookedweredeliicious.

(3).Whoisthemanthatisreadingoverthere?

(4).ThegirlthatwesawyesterdaywasJim'ssister.

(5).Thefishwhichweboughtwerenotfresh.

(6).Whoisthepersonwhomyoujusttalkedto?

(6).Mrs.Readisthepersontowhomyoushouldwrite.

(7).1stillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.

(8).Thisisthehousewherewelivedlastyear.

(9).Thefactorywherehisfatherworksisinthewestofthecity.

(10).WeiFangisthestudentwhosehomecaughtfirelastnight.

2.定語從句的引導詞分為5個關(guān)系代詞：(l).who--指人，在從句中作主語。(2).whom—指人，在從句中作賓語。

(3).whose--指人或物，在從句中作定語。⑷.which---指物，在從句指作主語或賓語;which還可以作定語起到限定

詞的作用(this/that/these/those),但其前面必須有介詞。(5).that-指人或物，在從句指作主語或賓語。(5)as一指人

或物,在從句中作主、賓、表,既可以引導限制性定語從句(thesameas,such---as,as/so---as),也可以引導非限

制性定語從句(位置靈活).

3個關(guān)系副詞:⑴.when--指時間，在從句中作時間狀語。(2).where--指地點，在從句中作地點狀語。(3).why--指原

因，在從句中作原因狀語。

注意：判斷用關(guān)系代詞還是用關(guān)系副詞，主要取決于什么？

取決于引導詞在從句中所充當?shù)某煞郑?/p>

若引導詞在從句中充當主語、賓語、定語時，須用關(guān)系代詞；若引導詞在從句中充當狀語時，須用關(guān)系副詞。

(1).1'11neverforgetthedayyousavedme.

?That'sthespecialdayFilneverforget.

(2).Thisisthehousemyauntlivedlastyear.

?Thisisthehousemyauntboughtlastyear.

(3).Werllvisitthevillage,wasoncethesiteofafamousbattle.

Wellvisitthevillage,afamousbattleoncetookplace.

(4).Oct.l,1949wasthedaywellneverforget.

?Oct.1,1949wasthedaythePRCwasfounded.

(5)Helosthistemper,atwhichpointIdecidedtogohome.此時我決定回家

(6)ChaplinwenttotheStatesin1910,bywhichtimehehadlearnedtodanceandactincomedies.

(7)Hissoninsistedonjoiningthearmy,inwhichcasehehadtogivein.

3.一般來說，that/which都可以指物(可互用)，但在下列情況下，必須用that指物，不用which.

(1).當先行詞本身為不定代詞時：all,much,little,sth,anything,everything,noyhing.

(2).當先行詞被adj最高級/序數(shù)詞修飾時。

(3).當先行詞被thevery(正是、就是)、theonly、thelast修飾時。

(1).A1Ithatglittersisnotgold.

Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

Youcantakeanyroomthatyoulike.

Thereisnodifficultythatwecan'tovercome.

ThisisthelasttimethatTilgiveyoualesson.

ThisistheverybookthatI'mafter.

Chinaisnotthecountrythatitusedtobe.(關(guān)系代詞在從句中作表語時)

4.As引導的定語從句：(as在定語從句中必須充當成分：主語、賓語、表語)

(l).Thesame-----as--------

(2).Such------as---------

(3).As-clause,main-clause.二二Main-clause,as-clause.

(4).such/as---as--------

(5)as/so------as--------

(l).Asweknow,morethan70%oftheearth'ssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

(2).Thiselephantislikeasnake,asanybodycansee.

(3).Thiskindofcomputer,asiswell-known,isoutofdate.

(5).ThisisthesamebagasIlostyesterday.

(6).1havethesametroubleasyou(have).

(7).Don,ttalkaboutsuchthingsasyoudonotunderstand.

(8).Airisagas,asisknowntous.

???Asweallknow,airisagas.

???Air,asweknow,isagas.

(9)Hecanliftsoheavyastoneasnooneelsecan.

比較:Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystonethatnoonecanliftit.(結(jié)果狀語從句)

???Thisissoheavyastone/suchaheavystoneasnoonecanlift.(定語從句)

注意：Las引導的非限制性定語從句常有，只能指代整個主句的內(nèi)容，不能指代單個先行詞：“如同-----那樣“：

asweknow/asisknowntoall,asweallcansee,ashasbeensaidbefore/above,ashasbeenpointedout,asmightbe

expected(正如所預料的那樣),asisoftenthecase(情況常常是這樣)，

2.which在非限制性定語從句中，既可以指代整個主句，也可以指代單個先行詞。指代的是先行詞本身而不是主

句時，不可用as代替which.

3.在非限制性定語從句中作主語時，which既可作系動詞be的主語，也可作實義動詞的主語，而as只能作系動

詞be的主語。

(1)Theappletree,whichIplantedlastyear,hasnotanyfruit.

(2)Hemamedher,which/aswasnatural.

(3)Hesawthegirl,whichdelightedhim.

5.特殊的句型

(l).Doallonecantodosth.

?Dowhatonecantodosth.

?Do/tryone'sbesttodosth.

(2).1don'tliketheway(that)youwalk

?Idon'tliketheway(inwhich)youwalk.

(3).This/Itisthe1st/2ndtimethatIhavedonesth.

?This/Itwasthe1st/2ndtimethatIhaddonesth.

(4).Helivesinthehousewhosewindowfacessouth.

?Helivesinthehousethewindowofwhichfocessouth.

?Helivesinthehouseofwhichthewindowfacessouth.

(5).Heenteredthemeetinghall,inthefrontofwhichweresittingsomeimportantmen.

(6)匕匕較:Asisreportedinthenewspaper,talksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

???Itisreportedinthenewspaperthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

?Whatisreportedinthenewspaperisthattalksbetweenthe2countriesaremakingprogress.

(7)Wewentuptotheroof,fromwherewehadagoodviewoftheprocession.

?Theystoodnearthewindow,fromwherewecouldseethewholegarden.

注意：(l)No/never/not-------先行I司-----But——=that------not或who------not:“沒有-----不——的''

??⑵當先行詞是case,condition,situation,position,point,stage?等名詞時，表示情況、方面、處境時，用關(guān)系副詞

where.但先行詞是occasion時，用關(guān)系副詞when.

(!)Therewasnomanbutadmiredhim=nomanwhodidn'tadmirehim.

(2)Thereisnodificultybutmaybesmoothedaway.=nodifficultythatmaynotbesmoothedaway.

(3)Therearesomecases,wherethisroledoesn'tholdgood.(適用)

(4)InChinathereisnoonebutknowsLeiFeng.

(5)Thereisnorulebuthasexceptions.

(6)Hersisterhasbeecomealawyer,shewantedtobe.

A.who?B.what?C.that?D.which(關(guān)系代詞指代人的職業(yè)、身份)

6.相似結(jié)構(gòu)，注意辨別：

⑴*Isthismuseumtheyvisitedyesterday?

?*Isthisthemuseumtheyvisitedyesterday?

*Isthismuseumtheystayedyesterday?

?*Itwasthemuseumyousawmanytreasures.

?*Itwasinthemuseumyousawmanytreasures.

?*Itwasinthemuseumyoudroppedinthatyousawmanytreasures.

(2).Shelivedinthehousesheusedtolive.

????????????sheusedtolivein.

????????????sheusedtodropin.

????????????sheusedtovisit.

????????????windowswerebroken.

???????????thewindowswerebroken.

???????????andwindowswerebrokken.

???????????thebrokenwindows.A.where??B.inwhich??C.atwhich??D.that??E.which??F.its???G.with???

H.ofwhich?I.whose??J.不填？K.theone(that)

Keys:l.k;de;a;?ab;?d;?e?????????????????????2.ab;dej;?de;?de;i;h;f;g.

(3).isknownisthathehasgonetocollege.

?isknownthathehasgonetocollege.

isknown,hehasgonetocollege.

?Weallknowhehasgonetocollege.

?Hehasgonetocollege,madeussuiprised.

?Hehasgonetocollegeandmadeussuiprised.

?Hehasgonetocollege,surprisedus.

?Hehasgonetocollege,Iamsurprisedat.

?surprisedusmostwashehasgonetocollege.

?A.It?B.As?C.Which??D.What??E.that

?(4).Heissuchagoodteacherwealllike.

??Heissuchagoodteacherwealllikehim.

??Heissuchagoodteacher,weallknow.

??Heisagoodteacher,makesusrespecthim.

???A.as?B.that?C.which

(5).HearrivedinBeijingin1984,hebecameamanagersomeyearslater.

?HearrivedinBeijingin1984,wasimportantforhim.

?HearrivedinBeijingin1984,hewasalreadyinhisfifties.

?HearrivedinBeijingin1984,andhebecamefamous.

?Itwasin1984hearrivedinBeijing.

?A.when??B.where??C.which?D.there??E.that

Keys:3.d;a;b;e;ce;c;bc;d;e???????????????????4.a;b;ac;c?????5.b;c;a;d;e

名詞性從句

(一)、什么叫名詞性從句？名詞性從句在復句中的位置如何？

1.主語從句一一謂語——賓語.

(1).Whetheritistrueremainsaquestion.

(2).Whetherhewillgoornothasnotbeendecided.

(3).Itisn'tquiteclearwhyshedidit.

(4).Itisnotknownwhereshehasgone.

(5)Whatiscalledatomicenergyisactuallynuclearenergy.

2.主語——謂語(vt.)——賓語從句.

(1).1wonderwhetherornotMikeisathomenow.

(2).1don'tcarewhetherornothiscarbreaksdown.

(3).Hisparentsthinkitapitythattheirsondidn'tpassthe

exam.

(4)Afterwhatseemedanendlesswait,itwasatlasthisturntostepintotheconsultingroom.

(5)HewasborninwhatisnowknownasShanghai.

注意;it作形式賓語的特殊句型：

(l).oweittosb.that---"把--歸功于?…”?

(2).Leaveittosb.that——“把一留給某人去做”

(3).Takeitforgrantedthat—44M當然”????

(4).keepitinmindthat——"記住”

(5).1like/enjoy/hateitthat-----??????

(6).seetoitthat——=makesurethat——”務(wù)必、確保”

(7).dependonitthat---

(1).1enjoywhenyouhelpisintrouble.???

??A.it,thosewho???B.that,who??????

?C.this,anyone???D.it,whoever

(2).1oweittoyouthatTmstillalive.

(3)1leaveittoyoutojudge.(我讓你做判斷)

⑷.Youmaydependonitthattheywillhelpyou.(你可以放心他們會幫你的)

(5).Wouldyouseetoitthatthevillagershavecleandrinkingwater?(你負責保證)

(6)1takeitthatyouwon'tbecomingtoSophie*sparty.(我想你不回去參加)

(7).I'mcountingonitthatyouwillcome.(我正指望著你回來)

3.主語一一系----表語從句.

(l).Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

(2).That*swhyweloveourmotherlandsomuch.

(3).Itlooksasifit'sgoingtorain.

(4).Thereasonwhyhewasabsentyesterdywasthathewasill.

4.某些名i司(4口：thenews/idea/fact/hope/belief/promise/suggestion/possibility/problem/conclusion/opinion/remark

評論、意見，saying格言、諺語，evidence)--引導詞:that,whether,how,when,where,why)—同位語從句(注

意：which不能引導同位語從句)

(l).Herecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignfriendswillcometoourschool.

(2).Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.

(3).Wordcamethattheirheadmasterwouldsoonvisitourschool.

(4).1havenoideawhenshewillcomeback.

(二)、名詞性從句的引導詞：

(1).連接詞：that,whether/if,asif-----在從句中不充當任何成分。

(2).連接代詞：who,what,which,whose---在從句中充當主語、賓語、表語、定語。

(3).連接副詞：when,where.why,how,howmany/much/soon/often/long--在從句中充當狀語。

注意：(l).if不能引導主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句以及介詞

的賓語從句。

?(2).與ornot或不定式連用，要用whether.

???(3).what本身有一定的意義，且在從句中充當一定的成分，

而that本身無任何意義，且在從句中不充當任何成分。

e.g.(l).Itisunknownwhether/ifsheisill.(如果？用形式主語，if和whether都可以)

??(2).Idon'tcareifhedoesn'tshowup.他來不來我都不在乎(若賓語從句為否定結(jié)構(gòu),則多用if,而不用whether)

??(3)Afteryearsofhardwork,hewasmadewhathewas.(主語補足語——經(jīng)過多年的辛勞，她被弄成這樣)

注意：inthat(由于、因為),exceptthat(除了?一),butthat(如果沒有、要不是---),besidesthat(除了--)

(1)1knownothingabouthiscareerexceptthatheisagraduateofTsinghuaUniversity.

(2)Hewouldhavehelpedusbutthathewasshortofmoneyatthattime.?

(3)ButthatIsawit,Icouldn'thavebelievedit.

(三).弄清一類連詞：“無論(不管)-----”

Nomatterwho----==Whoever-------

Nomatterwhat---==Whatever-------

Nomatterwhich-----==Whichever--------

Nomatterwhen------==Whenever----------

Nomatterwhere-----==wherever----------

Nomatterhow+adj/adv------==However+adj/adv-------

左邊：只能引導讓步狀語從句。而右邊：既可以引導讓步狀語從句，又可以引導名詞性從句。

(I).rilgivethebooktowantsit.

(A).anyone?(B).thosewho?

(C).whoever?(D).whomever

(2).Nomatterwho=Whoeverwantstoreadthebook,youmaylendittohim.

(3).Howeverlate=Nomatterhowlateheis,Motherwillwaitforhimtohavedinnertogether.

(5).Whenever=Everytimehesawme,hegreetedme.

Whereveryougo,wellbethinkingofyou.

(四).弄清同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別：

(l)that引導定語從句時，that充當定語從句的成分；that引導同位語從句時，that不充當從句的任何成分。

(2)當when,where,why引導定語從句時，其意義與先行詞有關(guān)，與先行詞的意義基本相同，沒有疑問意義；但它

們引導同位語從句時，其意義與被同位的詞毫無關(guān)系，其意義完全與疑問詞相同，即when表示；"什么時候”，

where表示："哪兒”。它們引導兩種從句時都在從句中做狀語。

(l).Heexpressedthehopethathehadformanyyears.

?HeexpressedthehopethathewouldcometoChinaagain.

(2).1havethe1stimpressionthathegavemein1980.

??Ihavethe1stimpressionthatheisanhonestman.

(3).Thenewsthatyouheardisnottrue.

?Thewholenationwasplungedintodeepsorrowatthenews

thatAbrahamLincolnwasmurderedatatheatre.

(4)比較:IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametoBeijing.(定語從句)

????ThisisthehousewhereIlived2yearsago.(定語從句)

????Ihavenoideawhenshewillbeback.(同位語從句)

????Thenarosethequestionwhereweweretogetthemachinesneeded.(同位語從句)

(五).特殊句型要牢記：

(l).Itissaid/believed/reported/thought/well-knownthat------

(2).Itturnedoutthat---"結(jié)果是,原來是---“

(3).Ithappenedthat---"碰巧-----”

(4).Itoccurredtomethat---=Itstruckmethat------"突然想起----”

(5).Wordcamethat---"有消息傳來說------“

(6).Itseems/appearsthat--------"似乎是，好像是------“

(7).Itisapity/afact/nowonderthat---“真遺憾、是事實、難怪----“

(8).Itispossible/probable/likelythat----

(9).Itisimportant/necessary/strangethat-----｛從句中用虛擬語氣：(should)+動詞原形｝

(10).Itiscertainthat----

(1l).Itfollowsthat-------"于是乎，從而-----“

(12).Thereisnopointindoingsth.

??Thereisnoneedtodosth.

(13).Itisuptosbtodosth.?”該由某人做某事，由某人負責“

(14).Itisjustlikesbtodosth.”某人恰恰是這個樣子”

(15).Seetoitthat--=Makesurethat------"務(wù)必。確保”

(16).Howdiditcomeaboutthatyouwerelateagainyesterday?

六、弄清一組句型的區(qū)別：

(1)Itwasnotuntil——that------(強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))

(2).Itwas+時間段+ago或+介詞短語+that---(強調(diào)結(jié)構(gòu))

(3).Itwas+時間點名詞+when——”當一一時已是一-時間了”

(4).Itis/was/will(not)be+時間段名詞+before---(肯定句)“過多久—就/才----"；(否定句)”不久——就/才----“

(5)Itis+時間段+since-------??例如：

(l).ItwasnotuntilyesterdaythatIreceivedhisletter.

(2).Itwasonthecoaststhatlotsofpeopledisappeared.

(3).Itwas3yearsagothathearrivedinAustralia.

(4).Itwas10o'clockintheeveningwhenhecameback.

(5).Itwillbehoursbeforehearriveshere.

(6).Itwasnotlongbeforetheydrovetheenemyfromtheirhomeland.

(7).Itis3dayssinceweleftourschool.

(8).Itis10yearssinceIwasateacher.(我不當教師已經(jīng)10年了)

(9).Itis5yearssincehelivedinLondon.(他有5年不在倫敦住了)

狀語從句

一、什么叫狀語從句？狀語從句有哪些種類？引導詞是什么？

1.時間W夫語從句:when,while,as,before,after,since,till(until),assoonas,hardly-when,nosooner-than,once,?each/every

time,thefirsttime,thelasttime,nexttime,themoment,theminute,theinstant,immediately,directly,instantly?

2.地點狀語從句：where,wherever

3.原因狀語從句:because,since,as,nowthat,inthat,

considering(that)

4.目的狀語從句：sothat一,inorderthat--,incase—,

forfearthat---(以防、以免、生怕)=lest

5.結(jié)果狀語從句:sothat…,so/such-that一

6.條件狀語從句:if,unless,as/solongas——,

onconditionthat---,providing(provided)that,assumingthat,?supposethat,supposingthat,giventhat,when

7.方式狀語從句：justas—,asif,theway一

8.讓步狀語從句:(al)though,everif,whether,

nomatterwho/what/where---,as(雖然),while

9.比較狀語從句：as■--as,notas/so--as,more-一than,

themore——themore,less---than

伊J4口：l.Shetreatedthechildthewayhismotherdid.

2.Childasheis,heknowsalot.

3.MuchasIlikeit,Iwillnotbuyit.

4.Tryasyouwill,youwon*tmanageit.

5.LosemoneyasIdid,Igotalotofexperience.?

4,Youmayborrowthisbook,onconditionthatyoudon'tlendittoanyoneelse.

5.F11comeonconditionthatJohnisinvited,too.

6.NosoonerhadIreachedthebusstopthanthebusstarted.

7.Hardlyhadheclosedthedoorwhentherecameaknockonit.

8.Takeyourumbrella,incaseitrains.

9.Wehadn'tmetfor20yearsbutIrecognizedhimthemomentIsawhim.

lO.Nowthatyouarewellagain,youcanworkwiththem.

11.Whenyoureadthebook,you*dbettermakeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestion.

12.Howeverlateheis,Motherwillwaitfbrhimtohavedinnertogether.

13.WheninRome,doastheRomansdo.

14.JackandTomhadtowait2moreweeksbeforethemanagercameback.

15.Forall(that)hehaslotsofmoney,he'sfarfrombeinghappy.(雖然、盡管)

16.Withallhisroughness,hehasaheartofgold.(雖然他粗俗，但他有一顆金子般的心)

17.Airistouswhatwateristofish.

18.Readingistomindwhatfoodistothebody.

19.1thoughtconditionswouldgetbetter,butasitistheyaregettingworse.(事實上，實際，情況是)

2O.Leaveitasitis.別動它(讓它保持原來的樣子)

21.Slatethefactsastheyare.按照實際情況把事實擺出來。

22.Heis,asitwere,awalkingdictionary.(仿佛、好像可以說是)(=/=asitis/was)

23.Theskyiscovered,asitwere,withablackcurtain.(仿佛)

二、注意：特殊的引導詞(連詞)：

themoment----=assoonas---=immediately——=directly---

=hardly-when=nosooner-than

as/solongas■--,onconditionthat■一,incase--,

nowthat---providedthat---=supposingthat---,

everytime一,thefirsttime---,thelasttime---,nexttime-

例如:(l).Onarrivingatthestation,thethiefwasarrested.比較:Onhisarrivalatclassroom,thecameandthebell

rang.

??(2).ThefirsttimeIclimbedontothewall,Ifeltnervous.

??(3).ThelasttimeshesawJames,hewaslyinginbed.

三、并列連詞when=andjustthen(就在這時，突然---)的三種句型：

1.1wasdoingsth.whensth.happened.

2.1was(just)abouttodosth.whensth.happened.

3.1had(just)donesth.whensth.happened.

例如：1.1wasjustabouttogooutwhenthetelephonerang.

2.1hadjustfallenasleepwhenthebabystartedtocry.

3.1wasthinkingofthiswhenIheardmynamecalled.

四、狀語從句中的省略：

有些時間、地點、條件、方式或讓步狀語從句中，如果從句中的主語與主句中的主語一致或主語為it時，且從

句謂語又包含Be動詞，就可以省略從句中的“主語+Be”部分。

l.Ifasked?youmaycomein.

2.Whenwalkinginthestreet,Imetanoldfriendofmine.

3.Ifpossible,sendmewordtomorrow.

4.Hewon'tattendthemeetingunlessinvited.

5.Hegotmuchtallerthanexpected.

7.Helookedthroughthenewspaperwhilehavinghissupper.

8.Oncerecovered,shethrewherselfintoherstudy.

9.Whenstillaboyof10,hehadtoworkdayandnight.he

lO.Shetriedherbestthoughratherpoolinhealth.

11.Hewasfondofswimmingwhenyetachild.

12.Theboylookedasifafraidofnothing.

五、如何區(qū)別不同的從句：(1)據(jù)連詞。(2)據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意：

l.Youaretofinditwhereyouleftit.

2.Tellmetheaddresswherehelives.

3.1don*tknowwherehecamefrom.

4.Wherehehasgoneisnotknownyet.

5.Thisplaceiswheretheyoncehid.

6.Makeamarkwhereyouhaveaquestionwhenreading.

動詞的時態(tài)和語態(tài)

一、八大時態(tài)和兩大語態(tài)的基本公式是什么？不同的時態(tài)分別與什么時間狀語連用？有關(guān)時態(tài)之間的區(qū)別是什

么？

1.時態(tài)和語態(tài)的基本公式(要牢記)：

時態(tài)？??？?被動語態(tài)(Be??Donebysb.)

(1)do/doessth.??(l)-----is/aredone(bysb.)

⑵-----didsth.???(2)----------was/weredone(bysb.)

(3)----is/aredoingsth.??(3)--is/arebeingdone(bysb.)

(4)—was/weredoingsth.?(4)---was/werebeingdone(bysb.)

(5)—has/havedonesth.?(5)■--has/havebeendone(bysb.)

(6)-haddonesth.?(6)-hadbeendone(bysb.)

⑺一willdosth.??(7)-willbedone(bysb.)

(8)—woulddosth.(8)---wouldbedone(bysb.)?

(9)---willbedoingsth.(atthistimetomorrowX表示將來某個時刻或時段正在進行的動作)

(10)---willhavedonesth.(bythistimenextyear)(表示在將來的某個時刻之前業(yè)已完成的動作)

注意：vi.和linkv.均無被動語態(tài)。如：

(l).happen.takeplace.?breakout.belongto.?last,runout.?cost.?spread,own,contain,occur,spread,rise,come

about,cometrue,comeintobeing

(2).look.smell.taste,sound.feel(感官系動詞),appear,become,get,grow,remain,keep,prove,seem,stay,turn

例如:(1).Inthepast5years,greatchangeshavetakeninmyhometown.

?(2).Cottonfeelssoft.?????

??(3)Afterthefire,verylittleremained?ofmyhouse.

???(4)Hisplanproved(tobe)practical.(實用房J)

2.時態(tài)與時間狀語的搭配：

(1).一般現(xiàn)在時:often,always,now,everymorning/day/week,seldom,usually,never,sometimes,nowandthen,from

timetotime,occassionally,onceaweek/year.

(2)現(xiàn)在進行時：now,atpresent,atthistime.

(3)一月殳過去時:yesterday,yesterdaymorning,lastweek,atthattime,thedaybeforeyesterday,thenightbeforelast,

theotherday,justnow.

(4)過去進行時：atthattime,then,atthistimeyesterday,atfouryesterday.

(5)一力殳將來時：tomorrow,?tomorrowafternoon,inanhour,?nextweek/year,aweeklater,howsoon,?beforelong,in

(the)future.

(6)過去將來時：thenextday/week/month.

⑺完成時:just,already,yet,ever,never,bynow,bytheendofthis/lastyear,thesedays/years,inthelast/past10years,

manytimes,sofar,recently,lately,allthetime.

注意：區(qū)別語境，靈活處理時間狀語與語態(tài)的關(guān)系。

(1).HehadbeeninB.J.for10yearsbeforeheleftforWuhan.

(2).Heoftengoeshungry.

(3).Heoftenwenthungryinthepast.

(4).Hewrotealetteryesterdayevening.

(5).Hewaswritingaletteryesterdayeveningwhenhisfriendcamein

請記住下面這些經(jīng)典的例句吧：

(1).Whatwillyoubedoingatthistimetomorrow?

(2).Youwillhavegraduatedbythistimenextyear.

(3).Hepromisedtocome,buthehasn'tturnedupyet.

(4).Thepartyistobeheldat6:00onSaturdaymorning.

(5).Thisisaterriblyheavybox.Filhelpyoucarryit.(will表示臨時性的決定，而begoingto表示事先經(jīng)過考慮或做

好安排的將來).

再如:---You'veleftthelighton.

??-----Oh,soIhave.Filgoandturnitoff.

(6).Thefilmhadbee〉onfor20minuteswhenwegottothecinema.

(7).Hewasjustabouttodivewhenhesawashark.

(8)Hewillbe30yearsoldnextyear./Tomorrowwillbethe20thofAugust.(will表示按自然規(guī)律將必然會)

⑼Fishwilldiewithoutwater./Oilandwaterwillnotmix./Welldiewithoutairorwater.(will表示事物的固有屬性或

必然趨勢、傾向)

(10)比較：

*It*sweekssinceIfellill.(fallill"患病”，終止性動詞，表示這一行為的開始)---我病了幾周了。

*It'sweekssinceIwasill.(beill"病了"，表示狀態(tài),是持續(xù)性的，表示這一行為的終止)--我病好了好幾周了。

Bealwaysdoingsth-----------表示說話者的感情色彩.例如：

(8).Heisalwayshelpingothers.

(9).Sheisalwayscominghomelate.

下列這些特定的時態(tài)是表示虛擬語氣的：

(1).Ihadhopedtocatchthe7:30train,butfoundit(was)gone.

(2).Ihadintendedtomakeacake,butIranoutoftime.

(3).I'dliketohavegonetothepartylastnight,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.

(4).Iwasgoingtofinishmyarticlebutmyfriendarrived,soIdidn'thavetime.

(5).was/weretohavedonesth.(原本打算做某事，但未做成.)

試著做一做吧：

(1).Whenwereachedtheairpport,it.???

A.isprobablyraining?B.probablyrains?

C.willprobablyberaining??D.hasprobablyrained

(2).Alicehasjustarrived,butIuntil4.???

?A.haven'tknownshiwillcome

?B.hadn'tknownshewascoming?????????

C.don'tknowshewillcome??????

D.didn'tknowshewascoming

(3).UnluckilywhenIarrive,she,soweonlyhadtimeforafewwords.

A.justleft???????B.wasleaving?????

C.hadjustleft?????D.hasjustleft

(4).--Who?thatviolin?

??---Mysister,whenshetime.

A.plays,has??B.isplaying,willhave??????

C.plays,ishaving??D.isplaying,hashad

(5).--I'vebeentoldthatJohnfromhisjourneytoAmerica.Whataboutvisitinghimtonight?

??----Allright.I'llpickyouupat6:00pm.

???A.hadcomeback???B.isback?????

?C.cameback?????D.comingback

(6).ShirleyabookaboutChinalastyear,butIdon'tknowwhethershehasfinishedit.

??A.haswritten??B.wrote????????

?C.hadwritten????????D.waswriting

(7).Thenewscameasnosurprisetome.Iforsometimethatthefactorywasgoingtoshutdown.?

??A.hadknown??????B.knew?????????

C.haveknown?????D.know

(8)——Don'tyoufeelsurprisedtoseeBruceatthemeeting?

?——Yes.Ireallydidn'tthinkshehere.

??A.hasbeen?????B.hadbeen???????

C.wouldbe?????????D.wouldhavebeen

(9)----Willyourepeatyouridea?

-----Certainly.ButIthinkitcertainyouyourattention.

?A.dontpay??????B.didn'tpay????

C.weren'tpaying????D.aren'tpaying

(10)——Howcanyouborrowmycomputerwithoutmypermission?

?-Oh,Itotellyou.Ihopeyoudon'tmind.

??A.forget?????????B.forgot??????????C.hadforgotten?????D.amforgetting

(11)Mr.Smiththisweek?

?------No.Heisonholiday.

?A.Has,?worked??????????B.Does,?work????C.Did,??work??????????D.Is,?working

二、不能用于進行時的動詞有：

(1)表示感官的動詞:see,hear,notice,feel,smell,sou