湖北省武漢市部分省重點(diǎn)高中2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題（解析版）

高級(jí)中學(xué)名校試卷PAGEPAGE1湖北省武漢市部分省重點(diǎn)高中2022-2023學(xué)年高二下學(xué)期期末質(zhì)量檢測(cè)英語(yǔ)試題第一部分聽力（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）做題時(shí)，先將〖答案〗標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的〖答案〗轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1.5分，滿分7.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。例：Howmuchistheshirt?A．￡19.15.B．￡9.18.C．￡9.15.1．Whatstillneedstobecleaned?A．Thekitchenfloor.B．Thedishes.C．Thetruck.2．Whatistherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A．Husbandandwife.B．Brotherandsister.C．Friends.3．Whichdustbinisforgrass?A．Thegreenone.B．Thebrownone.C．Theblueone.4．Whatwillthemandonext?A．Helpthebirdlearntofly.B．Attackthecat.C．Savethebird.5．Wherearethespeakers?A．Atafruitmarket.B．Atalocalshop.C．Atafarm.第二節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1.5分，滿分22.5分）聽下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。聽每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽第6段材料，回答第6.7題。6．Whatdoestheboywanttodo?A．Walkfurther.B．Havearest.C．Gofaster.7．Whatdoestheboythinkofdoingexercise?A．Funny.B．Exciting.C．Painful.聽第7段材料，回答第8至10題。8．Whatisinthewoman’ssalad?A．Somefish.B．Somechicken.C．Somebeef.9．Whydoesn’tthewomaneatmeat?A．Shelovesanimalstoomuch.B．Shewantstobeingoodshape.C．Shedoesn’tliketheflavorofmeat.10．Whatwillthewomandonext?A．Gonextdoor.B．Tryalittlebiteofmeat.C．Givehermeattotheman.聽第8段材料，回答第11至13題。11．Whatdothespeakersagreetodothisweekend?A．Goonatrip.B．Gettheircarrepaired.C．Turnofftheelectricityathome.12．Whatdoesthemanthinkabouttheplan?A．Hethinksit’sacrazyidea.B．Hedoubtsifhecanconductit.C．Hebelieveshecancarryitouteasily.13．Whatwillthespeakersdonext?A．SurftheInternet.B．Getreadytogoout.C．Lookupsomeinformationinthebook.聽第9段材料，回答第14至17題。14．Whatwasthewomanresponsiblefor?A．Creatingmoreparkingspaces.B．Improvingthefoodintheschool.C．Gettingmorecomputersforstudents.15．Whatismostimportanttothewoman?A．Improvingtheschool’sreputation.B．Increasingstudents’accesstoresources.C．Makinglifeeasierforparentsandteachers.16．Whatisthemanexcitedabout?A．Dancingattheendofthemonth.B．Seeingthesciencefairnextweek.C．Attendingthespringconcertnextmonth.17．Whoistheman?A．Astudentleader.B．Aschoolprincipal.C．Aschoolreporter.聽第10段材料，回答第18至20題。18．Whyismusicconsideredasatoolaccordingtothetalk?A．Itisusedforcuringanimals.B．Ithelpsinfluenceouremotions.C．Itremindsuswhattimeofyearitis.19．Whatdoesclassicalmusicdotolistenersaccordingthetalk?A．Somethingthatmakesthempeaceful.B．Somethingthatmakesthemserious.C．Somethingthatcausesthemtoremember.20．Whatisthetalkmainlyabout?A．Musicatwork.B．Musicinscience.C．Musicandpainting.第二部分閱讀（共兩節(jié)，滿分50分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題2.5分，滿分37.5分）閱讀下列短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)。AASTRONAUTCAMP-FLORIDAHaveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmic(宇宙的)exploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.Part1-VisitthePlanetarium(天文館)Fromtraditionalstardisplaysandculturalshowsthatdetailtheimportanceofastronomyaroundtheworld,tofeaturepresentationsthatshowthedepthsofouterspace,theplanetariumhassomethingforcuriousstargazersofallages.Part2-TakePartinMissionSpaceWhat’sitliketobeanastronaut?You’llfindoutonMissionSPACE!Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).Eachmemberofyour4-cadet(學(xué)員)crewwillassumeanimportantrole:navigator,pilot,commanderorengineer.Part3-LunchwithanAstronautThis90-minuteencounterattheSpaceCenterinCapefeaturesabuffet-stylelunchalongwithapersonalizedpresentationfromoneofcelebratedastronauts.Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.Astronautsdescribewhatit'sliketoliveinspace-eating,exercising,sleepingandtraining.Notopicisoff-limits.Part4-ExperienceRocketFlightEntertheShuttleLaunchExperience,andrecreatethefeelingofaspaceshotinrealtime,fromthelaunchpad(發(fā)射臺(tái))toorbit.Adjustbeforesixseconds,themainenginesfireup,andasthespeakerssay“3,2,1….”therocketlaunches.1.WhatdoesMissionSpaceinclude?A.Experiencingaspaceshot. B.Preparingforaspacemission.C.Learninghowtotrainyourcrew. D.Seeingthedepthofouterspace.2.Inwhichpartcanyouaskastronautsquestions?A.AtthePlanetarium. B.OnMissionSPACE.C.AtLunchwithanAstronaut. D.IntheShuttleLaunchExperience.3.Whatisthepurposeofthisjourney?A.Toshowpeoplemodernstardisplays. B.TotrainpeopletobefutureastronautsC.Toprovidesomeknowledgeofplanetarium. D.Tohelppeoplelearnmoreaboutspacetravel.——★參考答案★——1.B2.C3.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文為一篇應(yīng)用文，介紹了來(lái)自佛羅里達(dá)的太空營(yíng)體驗(yàn)項(xiàng)目?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Part2-TakePartinMissionSpace部分關(guān)鍵句“Beforeyouboard,you’lltrainforyourmissionontheX-2DeepSpaceShuttleattheInternationalSpaceTrainingCenter(ISTC).”（在你登機(jī)之前，你將在國(guó)際空間訓(xùn)練中心的X-2深空航天飛機(jī)上接受任務(wù)訓(xùn)練。）可知，MissionSpace包括為太空任務(wù)做準(zhǔn)備。故選B項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)Part3-LunchwithanAstronaut部分關(guān)鍵句“Attheendoftheevent,there’sabriefquestion-and-answersession,plustimeforfamilyphotoswiththeastronaut.”（活動(dòng)結(jié)束時(shí)，會(huì)有一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)短的問(wèn)答環(huán)節(jié)，還有與宇航員合影的時(shí)間。）可知，LunchwithanAstronaut部分能向宇航員提問(wèn)。故選C項(xiàng)。【3題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段關(guān)鍵句“Haveyoueverwantedtostepintotheshoesofanastronautandexperiencerocketflightandcosmicexploration?OnthisjourneytoFloridayouwillcomeascloseaspossibletothisexperiencewithoutactuallytravelingintospace.”（你曾經(jīng)想過(guò)成為一名宇航員，體驗(yàn)火箭飛行和宇宙探索嗎？在這次佛羅里達(dá)之旅中，你將不用進(jìn)行真正的太空旅行，就可能接近這種體驗(yàn)。）可知，這場(chǎng)旅行的目的是幫助人們更多地了解太空旅行。故選D項(xiàng)。BWhatdoyoudowithyourclothesthatyoudon’twanttowearanymore?Throughcutting,stitching(縫)andredesigning.BaxterSalzwedelhasfoundafashionablewaytobesustainnble(可持續(xù)的).InMarch,recyclingclothesearnedthe17-year-oldfromElkhartLake-GlenbeulahHighSchoolinWisconsin,US,afinalistspotintheYoungEntrepreneurscompetition.ThecompetitionwashostedbyJuniorAchievementofWisconsin,anon-profitorganization.Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.Inthebeginning.Salzwedeljustworkedwithclothesforfun.Helearnedhissewingskillsatayoungagefromhisgrandmother.Hethenstartedtotearuphisoldjeanstotryandcreatecoolnewdesigns.ThefunhobbyquicklyturnedintoabusinessforSalzwedelwhenhisfriendsandclassmatesstartedaskinghimtomakecustomizedclothingforthem.“SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabrics(布料)fromotherclothestocreatehispatchwork(拼接)designs,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.Talkingaboutthecompetition,Salzwedelsaid,“Itwasexcitingtodothatandmeetallsortsofyoungpeoplewithsimilarideas.”TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.Meanwhile,hewillcontinuedoinghisbusinessevenafterhegraduates.ForSalzwedel,TheMadPatcherisalifelongprojectworthworkingon.4.WhatinspiredSalzwedeltodobusiness?A.Hisinterestinfashiondesign.B.Thepopularityofhispants.C.Hisgrandmother’sencouragement.D.Thegrowingproblemoffashionwaste.5.WhatdoesthetexttellusaboutTheMadPatcher?A.Itaimstopromotesecond-handclothes.B.Itusesdonatedmaterialstoreducecosts.C.Itproducessustainablefashionproducts.D.Itcopiesdesignsfromwell-establishedbrands.6.WhatdoesSalzwedelplantodowiththescholarship?A.Growhisclothingbrand.B.Earnadegreeinfashion.C.Donateittoafashionschool.D.Cooperatewithlike-mindedpeople.7.WhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeSalzwedel?A.Strongbutselfish.B.Braveanddetermined.C.Talentedbutnegative.D.Creativeandgenerous.——★參考答案★——4.B5.C6.B7.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇新聞報(bào)道。主要報(bào)道了今年3月，一位來(lái)自美國(guó)威斯康辛州埃爾克哈特湖-格倫比拉高中的17歲學(xué)生憑借回收衣物入圍了青年企業(yè)家大賽的決賽。比賽由非營(yíng)利組織“威斯康星青年成就”主辦。他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金?！?題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第四段““SomanypeoplewantedthemthatIwasn’tgoingtomake150pairsofpantsforfree,sothatwaswhen1hadtostartmakingabusinessoutofit,”SalzwedeltoldtheSheboyganPress.”（薩爾茲韋德爾在接受希博伊根出版社采訪時(shí)表示：“有這么多人想要它們，所以我不打算免費(fèi)制作150條褲子，所以我不得不開始做生意?！保┛芍?，他的褲子很受歡迎促使薩爾茲韋德爾經(jīng)商的。故選B項(xiàng)。【5題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中“Hewonascholarshipof$10,000forhissustainableclothingbrandTheMadPatcher.”（他的可持續(xù)服裝品牌TheMadPatcher贏得了1萬(wàn)美元的獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金。）以及第五段中“Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（他只使用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）可知，這篇文章告訴了我們關(guān)于TheMadPatcher，它生產(chǎn)可持續(xù)時(shí)尚產(chǎn)品。故選C項(xiàng)。【6題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)最后一段中“TheteenagerplannedtousetheprizetoattendtheFashionInstituteofTechnologyinNewYork.Thecollegeisoneofthemostfamousfashionschoolsintheworld.”（這位少年計(jì)劃用獎(jiǎng)金去紐約的時(shí)裝技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)習(xí)。該學(xué)院是世界上最著名的時(shí)裝學(xué)院之一。）可知，薩爾茲韋德爾打算用獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金去學(xué)習(xí)，獲得時(shí)尚專業(yè)的學(xué)位。故選B項(xiàng)。【7題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章大意以及第五段“In2021,Salzwedelstartedhisclothingbrand.Heusescolourfulandpatternedfabricsfromotherclothestocreatehispatchworkdesigns,likejeans,shirtsandjackets.Heonlyusesdonatedorrecycledmaterialstoensuremaximumsustainability.”（2021年，薩爾茲韋德爾創(chuàng)立了自己的服裝品牌。他使用其他衣服上色彩鮮艷、有圖案的面料來(lái)創(chuàng)作他的拼接設(shè)計(jì)，比如牛仔褲、襯衫和夾克。他只使用捐贈(zèng)或回收的材料，以確保最大限度的可持續(xù)性。）和第六段“Salzwedelhasearnedthousandsofdollarsthroughsellinghisclothes,andhedonated25percentofhisprofitstonon-profitorganizations.”（薩爾茲韋德爾通過(guò)賣衣服賺了數(shù)千美元，他把25%的利潤(rùn)捐給了非營(yíng)利組織。）故可推知，富有創(chuàng)造力和慷慨大方是最能描述薩爾茨維德爾的。故選D項(xiàng)。CBuildinggoodtransportationisagoodidea.Tohaveenvironmentalvalue,newtransportationhastosufficientlyreplaceoreliminatedrivingtocutenergyconsumptionoverall.Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.Trafficlanesshouldbeeliminatedorconvertedintobikeorbuslanes.Ideally,theseshouldbecombinedwithhigherfueltaxes,andparkingfees.Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.Butthey’renecessary,becauseyoucan’tmakepeopledriveless,inthelongrun,bytakingstepsthatmakedrivingmorepleasant,economical,andproductive.Lengthycommuting(通勤)timeisaforcefulfactorwhichcanslowthegrowthofsuburbs.Thefartherpeopleliveawayfromcities,thelongercommutingtimetheyneed,whichmeansmorepollutiontheircarsproduce.If,inamisguidedefforttodosomethingofenvironmentalvalue,governmentstakestepsthatmakelong-distancecarcommutingfasterormoreconvenient—byaddinglanes,buildingbypass,employingtraffic-controlmeasuresthatmakeitpossibleforexistingroadstoaccommodatemorecarswithfewerdelays—weareactuallyencouragingpeopletolivestillfartherfromtheirjobs,stores,andschools.Asaresult,governmentsareforcedtofurtherextendroadnetworks,waterlines,andotherfacilities.Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.Wideningroadsmakestrafficmovefasterintheshortterm,buttheimprovedconditionseventuallyattractadditionaldrivers,andcongestionreappears.Withmorecarontheroads,peoplethinkaboutwideningroadsagain.Movingdriversoutofcarsandintootherformsoftransportationcanhavethesameeffect,ifexistingtrafficlanesarekeptinservice:roadspacestimulatesroaduse.Oneoftheargumentsthatcitiesinevitablymakeinpromotingtransportationplansisthatthenewsystem,byrelievingautomobilecongestion,willimprovethelivesofthosewhocontinuetodrive.Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.8.Inthefirstparagraph,theauthorgivesusthehintthathisrecommendationsare______.A.notwidelysupported B.costlytocarryoutC.generallyrecognized D.temporarilybeneficial9.Accordingtothepassage,whatwillhappenifcommutingtimefordriversisreduced?A.Driverswillbecomemoreproductiveemployees.B.Masstransportationwillbeextendedfartherintosuburbanareas.C.Driverswillbemorewillingtolivefartherfromtheirworkingplace.D.Masstransportationwillcarryfewerpassengersandreceivelessgovernmentfunding.10.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredabouttheauthor’sattitudetowardsthemeasurestoimprovetraffic?A.Theyareenvironmentallybeneficialandshouldbecarriedoutimmediately.B.Theyarewellintentionedbutultimatelyleadtoenvironmentalharm.C.Theywilldefinitelyarousepeople’sawarenessofenvironmentalprotection.D.Theywillonlyworkiftheycanmakedrivingmoreeconomicalandproductive.11.Theauthorwrotethismassagemainlyto______.A.supporttheclaimthateffortstoreducetrafficactuallyincreasetraffic.B.opposethebeliefthatimprovingmasstransportationsystemsisgoodfortheenvironment.C.provideabalancebetweensuburbanexpansionandtrafficcongestion.D.indicatethatmakingdrivinglessagreeableisawaytoreducenegativeeffectsoftraffic.——★參考答案★——8.A9.C10.B11.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇議論文。作者提出了為緩解交通對(duì)環(huán)境造成的破壞，需要減少汽車使用，把汽車出行變得不方便。這一觀點(diǎn)并不為大眾所接受。他通過(guò)指出減少通勤時(shí)間的好處和現(xiàn)行的一些緩解措施的不足分析支持自己的觀點(diǎn)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段第五句“Needlesstosay,Ihavetostruggletomakemyselfextensivelyunderstood.(更不用說(shuō)，我必須努力讓自己被廣泛地理解)”可知，作者的想法目前并沒有被廣泛接受，即沒有被大眾廣泛支持。故選A項(xiàng)?！?題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“Ifyoucutcommutingtimeby10percent,peoplewhonowdrivefiftymileseachwaytoworkcanfindreasontomovefivemilesfartherout,becausetheirtraveltimewon’tchange.(如果你將通勤時(shí)間減少10%，那么現(xiàn)在每天單程開車50英里上班的人就有理由再往外走5英里，因?yàn)樗麄兊男谐虝r(shí)間不會(huì)改變)”可知，如果通勤時(shí)間減少，人們會(huì)愿意住得離上班的地方更遠(yuǎn)些。故選C項(xiàng)?！?0題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段第一二句“Trafficcongestion(擁堵)isn’tanenvironmentalproblem;trafficis.Relievingcongestionwithoutdoinganythingtoreducethetotalvolumeofcarscanonlymaketherealproblemworse.Highwayengineershaveknownforalongtimethatbuildingnewcarlanesonlytemporarilyreducescongestion,becausethenewlanesaddadditionaldriving.（交通擁堵不是環(huán)境問(wèn)題；交通本身就是。不采取任何措施減少汽車總量來(lái)緩解擁堵只會(huì)使真正的問(wèn)題變得更糟。公路工程師們?cè)缇椭溃藿ㄐ碌能嚨乐皇菚簳r(shí)減少擁堵，因?yàn)樾萝嚨涝黾恿祟~外的駕駛。）”可知，作者認(rèn)為現(xiàn)有的比如增加車道目的在不緩解擁堵，但實(shí)際上增加了駕駛，從長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)看反而對(duì)環(huán)境有害。故可推測(cè)出作者認(rèn)為這些措施是出自好心，但對(duì)環(huán)境有害。故選B項(xiàng)?！?1題詳析】主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章第一段第三句“Thatmeansthatanewtrafficsystemhastobesupportedbyreductionincaruse.(這意味著新的交通系統(tǒng)必須通過(guò)減少汽車使用來(lái)支持)”和最后一句“Nooneeverpromotesatransportationsystembyarguingthatitwouldmaketravellinglessconvenient—eventhough,fromanenvironmentalperspective,inconvenienttravelisaworthygoal.(從來(lái)沒有人通過(guò)爭(zhēng)論某個(gè)交通系統(tǒng)會(huì)使旅行變得不那么方便來(lái)推廣這個(gè)交通系統(tǒng)，盡管從環(huán)境角度來(lái)看，不方便的旅行是一個(gè)值得追求的目標(biāo))”可知，在作者眼里，為了緩解環(huán)境壓力，把開車出行變得不那么方便，不那么讓人開心是一個(gè)好方法在，這也是他在本文中推崇的。故選D項(xiàng)。DAbouttwoyearsago,severallunarmissionsshowedthatsomelunarsoilcontainsminuteamountsofwatermolecules.Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物質(zhì))criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轟炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氫離子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.Inapreviousstudy,publishedinJune,Chinesescientistsconcludedthatmostwaterfoundonthemoonmayhaveoriginatedinitsinterior.Thatstudy,likethenewone,wasconductedonlunarsamplesfromChina’sChang’e-5missionin2020.ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羥基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.However,lunarmineralsmaycontainwatercontentofupto179ppm.Oneppmofwaterwouldyield(產(chǎn)生)around1gramofwaterpermetricton(公噸)ofsoil.Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.Lunarmineralssuchaspyroxene,plagioclase,andolivinearelikelythemainreservoirs(水庫(kù))ofsolarwind-derivedwater.“Thisstudyhasimportantimplicationsforunderstandingtheevolutionofwateronthelunarsurfaceandevaluatingthecontributionofsolarwindprotons(質(zhì)子)tothewaterreservoirsofthelunarsurface,”theresearcherssaid.LunarsamplescollectedduringtheChang’e-5missionmayholdthekeystoansweringthesequestions,sincetheyaremuchyoungerthantheonescollectedbyUSandSovietmoonmissions.So,thewatercontentintheChinesesampleshashadlesstimetobeinfluencedbyotherfactors,makingthesesamplesidealforstudyingthemoon’swater.12.Whatisthefirstparagraphintendedfor?A.Toanswerthequestion. B.Tointroducethetopic.C.Toclarifyaconcept. D.Tohelpusknowthemoonbetter.13.WhatdoChinesescientistsfindaboutthewaterfoundonthemoonfromthelateststudy?A.Itcouldmainlycomefromthesolarwind.B.Itcouldoriginateinthemoon’sinterior.C.Lunarsoilcontainsabundantamountsofwater.D.Lunarmineralscontainlesswaterthanexpected.14.WhatcanweinferfromParagraph5andParagraph6?A.LunarsoilcontainsmorewaterthanLunarmineralsdo.B.Lunarmineralscontainrichwatercomingfromsolarwind.C.Solarwindshouldaccountfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon.D.Thelateststudybasicallyconfirmedalltheestimatesofpreviousstudy.15.Whatistheauthor’spurposeinwritingthetext?A.ToreportthesuccessoftheChang’e-5mission.B.Tointroducehowtobuildasustainablemoonbase.C.Toexplaintheroleofsolarwindonthemoon.D.Toreportthefindingsofrecentstudiesonthemoon.——★參考答案★——12.B13.A14.C15.D【語(yǔ)篇解讀】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文。文章主要介紹了月球上的水來(lái)自哪里。【12題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是從哪里來(lái)的呢？回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以幫助我們了解月球的歷史和演化，但也可以讓未來(lái)的工程師在建造可持續(xù)的月球基地時(shí)利用這一資源。)”可知，第一段提出了一個(gè)問(wèn)題，然后講述了中國(guó)科學(xué)家在這個(gè)問(wèn)題上的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以第一段的目的是引入話題。故選B項(xiàng)?！?3題詳析】細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段“Chinesescientistshavediscoveredthatmineralsinlunarsoilmighthavegotthatsubstance(物質(zhì))criticalforlifefromsolarwindbombarding(轟炸)themoon’ssurfacewithhydrogenions(氫離子),accordingtoastudypublishedinthejournalNatureCommunicationonSaturday.(根據(jù)周六發(fā)表在《自然通訊》雜志上的一項(xiàng)研究，中國(guó)科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球土壤中的礦物質(zhì)可能已經(jīng)獲得了太陽(yáng)風(fēng)用氫離子轟擊月球表面對(duì)生命至關(guān)重要的物質(zhì)。)”和第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上證實(shí)了先前研究的估計(jì)，這些月球礦物可能含有更多的水。)”可知，中國(guó)科學(xué)家認(rèn)為月球上的水可能來(lái)自太陽(yáng)風(fēng)。故選A項(xiàng)。【14題詳析】推理判斷題。通讀第五段中的“Moreover,thenewstudyidentifiedsolarwindasakeymechanismfortheexistenceofwateronthemoon’ssurface.(此外，這項(xiàng)新研究將太陽(yáng)風(fēng)確定為月球表面存在水的關(guān)鍵機(jī)制。)”和第六段中的“Thestudyfoundthatthesolarwindresultedatleast170ppmofwatercontentinlunarsamplesgatheredbytheChang’e-5mission.(研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，太陽(yáng)風(fēng)導(dǎo)致嫦娥五號(hào)任務(wù)收集的月球樣本中的水含量至少為170ppm。)”可知，太陽(yáng)風(fēng)對(duì)月球表面水的形成有很重要的作用。故選C項(xiàng)?！?5題詳析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)首段中的“Butwheredidwateronthemooncomefrom?Answeringthatquestioncanhelpusunderstandthemoon’shistoryandevolution,butalsoallowfutureengineerstopotentiallytapintothisresourcewhenbuildingasustainablemoonbase.(但是月球上的水是從哪里來(lái)的呢？回答這個(gè)問(wèn)題可以幫助我們了解月球的歷史和演化，但也可以讓未來(lái)的工程師在建造可持續(xù)的月球基地時(shí)利用這一資源。)”引出本文講述的話題，以及每一段中的首句話，比如第四段“ThestudyinJunefoundthatlunarsoilhadaround30partspermillionofwatercontentintheformofhydroxyl(羥基),aclosechemicalrelativeofwater.(六月的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，月球土壤中羥基的含水量約為30%，羥基是水的近親。)”以及第五段中的“Thelateststudyessentiallyconfirmedtheestimatesfromthepreviousresearch,andthoselunarmineralscouldcontainevenmorewater.(最新的研究基本上證實(shí)了先前研究的估計(jì)，這些月球礦物可能含有更多的水。)”等均可看出，本文作者主要介紹了科學(xué)家的新發(fā)現(xiàn)，即月球上的水可能源自太陽(yáng)風(fēng)。故選D項(xiàng)。第二節(jié)（共5小題；每小題2.5分，滿分12.5分）閱讀下面短文，從短文后的選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。選項(xiàng)中有兩項(xiàng)為多余選項(xiàng)。MatildaBrowne(1869-1947)wasasuccessfulartistintheearly20thcentury.Unfortunately,fewpeopleknowhernameorherarttoday.MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.___16___Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.___17___Herboldbrushworkgaveherpaintingsaliveappearance.HerstyleisbestdescribedasImpressionism.MatildaBrownequicklybecamearespectedandsuccessfulartist.Herlistofhonoursopeneddoorsthatwouldhavebeenotherwiseinaccessibleforafemaleartistofhertime.Asanadult,shemovedtoConnecticut,whereshepaintedinOldLyme.___18___Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.___19___Brownewasasuccessfulartistthroughoutherlife.Shewonnumerousawardsandexhibitedinmanyimportantshows.However,veryfewpeopleknowabouthertoday.Thisisamorecommonstoryforfemaleartiststhanonemightthink.So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?___20___ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.A.Shewastheonlywomanacceptedintothemaleartists’circlethere.B.Itwasherartisticstylethathadn’tarousedpeople’sinterest.C.Herimpressiveskillbroughtherundereveryone’snotice.D.Shealsopaintedmanyflowersincolorfulgardenlandscapes.E.Itcouldresultfromherdoubleminority—ingenderandnationality.F.HermothertookhertoEuropefortrainingwhileshewasquiteyoung.G.Eitherway,hergreatskillasapaintermadetheseotherartiststakenotice.——★參考答案★——16.F17.D18.A19.G20.E【語(yǔ)篇解讀】這是一篇記敘文。文章主要介紹了藝術(shù)家MatildaBrowne的個(gè)人經(jīng)歷以及成就，和她默默無(wú)名的原因?！?6題詳析】根據(jù)上文“MatildaBrowneshowedpromisingartistictalentearlyinherlife.GrowingupinNewark,NewJersey,shegotanintroductiontoartbywatchingherneighbor,painterThomasMoran.Herparentssupportedtheirbuddingyoungartist.(瑪?shù)贍栠_(dá)·布朗早年就表現(xiàn)出了很有前途的藝術(shù)才華。她在新澤西州的紐瓦克長(zhǎng)大，通過(guò)觀察她的鄰居，畫家托馬斯·莫蘭，她開始接觸藝術(shù)。她的父母支持他們嶄露頭角的年輕藝術(shù)家)”以及后文“Anditpaidoff.MatildaBrowneparticipatedinherfirstmajorexhibitionwhenshewasjusttwelveyearsold.(這樣做得到了回報(bào)?，?shù)贍栠_(dá)·布朗在12歲的時(shí)候參加了她的第一次大型展覽)”可知，本段講述了MatildaBrowne小時(shí)候接受的畫畫方面的啟蒙及支持，本句旨在說(shuō)明哪種行為最后取得了回報(bào)。故F選項(xiàng)“她很小的時(shí)候，她媽媽就帶她去歐洲訓(xùn)練”符合語(yǔ)境，故選F?！?7題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Brownelovedtopaintanimals,especiallycowsandotheranimals.(布朗喜歡畫動(dòng)物，尤其是牛和其他動(dòng)物)”可知，這一段介紹她的繪畫風(fēng)格。從D選項(xiàng)中的“also”可知,這是她風(fēng)格中的另一個(gè)方面。故D選項(xiàng)“她還畫了許多在豐富多彩的花園風(fēng)景中的花”符合語(yǔ)境，故選D?！?8題詳析】根據(jù)后文“Sheevenhadthehonorofpaintingadooroftheirworkshop.Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(她甚至有幸為他們的工作間畫了一扇門。有消息稱，她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，而另一些人則聲稱，她的認(rèn)真是贏得男孩們好感的原因)”可知，后文提到她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，說(shuō)明她被男性藝術(shù)家圈子接納了，故A選項(xiàng)“她是那里男性藝術(shù)家圈子里唯一被接納的女性”符合語(yǔ)境，故選A?！?9題詳析】根據(jù)上文“Somesourcessaythathergoodsenseofhumorhelpedherfitinwiththeboys,whileothersclaimthatherseriousnessiswhatwonthemover.(有消息稱，她的幽默感幫助她與男孩們打成一片，而另一些人則聲稱，她的認(rèn)真是贏得男孩們好感的原因)”可知，人們對(duì)MatildaBrowne被接納進(jìn)入男性藝術(shù)家圈子進(jìn)行兩方面原因的猜測(cè)，本句為本段最后一句，進(jìn)行總結(jié)：但無(wú)論猜測(cè)如何，真正使她獲得關(guān)注的是她的才華。故G選項(xiàng)“不管怎樣，她高超的繪畫技巧引起了其他藝術(shù)家的注意”符合語(yǔ)境，故選G?！?0題詳析】根據(jù)上文“So,whyhasBrownefadedintobeingunknown?(那么，為什么布朗變得默默無(wú)聞了呢？)”以及后文“ShewasAmerican,whilebooksaboutAmericanImpressioniststendtofocusonthemaleartists.(她是美國(guó)人，而關(guān)于美國(guó)印象派的書往往集中在男性藝術(shù)家身上)”可知，此空和后一句分析MatildaBrowne從那個(gè)時(shí)代的聞名到如今的默默無(wú)聞的原因。故E選項(xiàng)“這可能是由于她在性別和國(guó)籍上的雙重少數(shù)群體”符合語(yǔ)境，故選E。第三部分語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用（共兩節(jié)，滿分30分）第一節(jié)（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)。Miloisarescuedog,adoptedby20-year-oldMakaylaSwift.OnemorninginNovember2021,SwiftopenedherfrontdoorinSilverSpring,Maryland,andMilo___21___running.Milorantothehouseacrossthestreet.Heseemedunsatisfiedwiththishouse,soherantotheonenextdoor,Swiftonhis___22___.“Hestarted___23___onthefrontdoor,”Swiftsays.“I’mthinking,‘Whyisheliterallytryingto___24___thehouse?’”Shewas___25___.Noteveryonewantsastrangedogontheir___26___.ButasshetriedtodragMiloaway,shecouldhearasoundcomingthroughanopenupstairswindow.Itwasavoiceyelling“Help!”Hoursearlier,around4a.m.,SherryStarrhad___27___fromherbed.“Allofasudden,standingtherebetweenthetoiletandthebathtub,I___28___,”shesays.“Iwentdownhardonthefloor.”Starris85.“Icouldnotmoveatall,”saysStarr,whowasstuckbetweenthetoiletandthebathtub.Starrwas___29___.“I’mthinking:I’mjustgoingtodiehere,”shesays.Herbest____30____,shedecided,wastolistenforthelettercarrierintheafternoonandscreamatthetopofherlungs.“Hervoicewasvery____31____,”saysSwift.“YouhadtoberightatthefrontdoortohearMrs.Starryellfor____32____unlessyouwereMilowho____33____heardStarrwhenIopenedmyownfrontdoor.”Swiftcalled911.Therescuersthoughtthey’dhavetoremovethetoilet,buttheygaveonelastpullandoutshepopped.Thoughinjured,Starr____34____atriptothehospital.Swifthasknownhershareofpain.Twoyearsago,hermotherdied.ShesaysMilohashelpedherwithhergrief.“Thatdogisa____35____,”shesays.21.A.wokeup B.tookoff C.caughtup D.heldback22.A.