基于新信息技術(shù)的計(jì)算機(jī)英語（第二版）課件 Unit 4 Application Software

Section1SituationalDialogue

Section2ReadingMaterial

Section3ExtendedReadingSection1SituationalDialogueAJobInterviewMsLiu:Excuseme.IhaveanappointmentwithMr.Liatnine.MayIcomein?Mr.Li:Yes,comeinplease.IamMr.Li.YoumustbeMsLiu,right？MsLiu:Yes,IamMsLiu.Thanks.Mr.Li:I'dliketostartthisinterviewwithsomequestions.Whydoyouthinkyouarequalifiedforthisposition?MsLiu:Accordingtoyouradvertisement,youwantanexperiencedsoftwareengineer.Ithinkmybackgroundmeetstherequirementofthisposition.Mr.Li:Thentellmesomethingaboutyourbackground.MsLiu:Mymajoriscomputerscience.AndIamquitefamiliarwithVisualC++andJavalanguage.Mr.Li:Well,whatdoyouthinkaboutthedevelopmentincomputers?MsLiu:Thedevelopmentsinsoftwarearegoingaheadveryquicklyandmoreandmoreproblemsareresolvedbysoftware.Insomeregions,thehardwareiscompletelyreplacedbysoftware.SoIthinkthesoftwareindustryhasagreatfuture.Mr.Li:Haveyoueverdesignedanyprogramsconcerningnetwork?MsLiu:Yes,IhavedesignedsomeprogramsforthenetworkwithVisualC++andIhavepassedthetestforprogrammers－MCSE.Mr.Li:Haveyougotanythingtoaskme?MsLiu:Yes,canyoutellmewhat'smyresponsibilityinthisposition?Mr.Li:Yes,ofcourse.Youwouldberesponsibleforthedevelopmentofsoftwareproducts.MsLiu:Isee.Thisismyadvantage.Mr.Li:Good.Haveyougotanyotherquestions?MsLiu:No.Mr.Li:Ok,Iwillcontactyouinaweek.Seeyou.MsLiu:Thankyou,bye-bye.Section2ReadingMaterialInstructiontotheComputerApplicationSoftwareWhatisthecomputerapplicationsoftware,andhowdoesitdifferfromothercategoriesofsoftware?Thisarticlewillintroducesomeexamplesofapplicationsoftwareandhowtheyareused.Theterm"software"referstothesetofelectronicprograminstructionsordataacomputerprocessorreadsinordertoperformataskoranoperation.Incontrast,theterm"hardware"referstothephysicalcomponentsthatyoucanseeandtouch,suchasthecomputerharddrive,mouseandkeyboard.Softwarecanbecategorizedaccordingtowhatitisdesignedtoaccomplish.Therearetwomaintypesofsoftware:systemssoftwareandapplicationsoftware.Systemssoftwareincludestheprogramsthatarededicatedtomanagingthecomputeritself,suchastheoperatingsystem,filemanagementutilities,andDiskOperatingSystem(DOS).Theoperatingsystemmanagesthecomputerhardwareresourcesinadditiontoapplicationsanddata.Withoutsystemssoftwareinstalledinourcomputers,wewouldhavetotypetheinstructionsforeverythingwewantedthecomputertodo.Applicationsoftware,orsimplyapplications,areoftencalledproductivityprogramsorend-userprogramsbecausetheyenabletheuserstocompletetasks,suchascreatingdocuments,spreadsheets,databasesandpublications,doingonlineresearch,sendinge-mail,designinggraphics,runningbusinesses,andevenplayinggames.Applicationsoftwareisspecifictothetask,itisdesignedforandcanbeassimpleasacalculatorapplicationorascomplexasawordprocessingapplication.Whenyoucreateadocument,thewordprocessingsoftwarehasalreadysetthemargins,fontstyleandsize,andthelinespacingforyou.Butyoucanchangethesesettings,andyouhavemanymoreformattingoptionsavailable.Forexample,thewordprocessorapplicationmakesiteasytoaddcolor,headings,andpictures,ordelete,copy,move,andchangethedocument'sappearancetosuityourneeds.MicrosoftWordisapopularword-processingapplicationthatisincludedinthesoftwaresuiteofapplicationscalledMicrosoftOffice.Asoftwaresuiteisagroupofsoftwareapplicationswithrelatedfunctionality.Forexample,Officesoftwaresuitesmightincludewordprocessing,spreadsheet,database,presentation,ande-mailapplications.GraphicssuitessuchasAdobeCreativeSuiteincludeapplicationsforcreatingandeditingimages,whileSonyAudioMasterSuiteisusedforaudioproduction.AWebbrowser,orsimplybrowser,isanapplicationspecificallydesignedtolocate,retrieve,anddisplaycontentfoundontheInternet.ByclickingahyperlinkorbytypingtheURLofawebsite,theuserisabletoviewWebsitesconsistingofoneormoreWebpages.BrowserssuchasInternetExplorer,MozillaFirefox,GoogleChromeandSafariarejustafewofthemanyavailabletochoosefrom.UsingtheSpeakFeatureinOffice2010TheSpeakfeatureinOffice2010enablestext-to-speechinOneNote,Outlook,PowerPoint,andWord.Bydefault,SpeakisnotpresentontheRibbon,soyouwillneedtoaddittoeithertheRibbonortheQuickAccessToolbar.Note,youmaywanttousetext-to-speechplaybackwithoutturningontheMiniTranslatororwiththekeyboardinsteadofthemouse.Speakrequiresatext-to-speechenginematchingthelanguageofthetext.Youcanseeyourinstalledtext-to-speechenginesintheControlPanel(seeFigure4-1):Let'sbeginbyaddingSpeaktotheQuickAccessToolbar(seeFigure4-2):1.?StartbylaunchingWord,andopentheBackstageViewbyclickingonthe"File"button.2.?Click"Options"andnavigatetotheQuickAccessToolbartab.3.?IntheChoosecommandsfrom:drop-downmenu,selectCommandsNotintheRibbon.4.?Select"Speak"fromthescrollboxandclick"Add"(seeFigure4-3).5.?Click"OK",andtheSpeakiconwillnowappearintheQuickAccessToolbar(seeFigure4-4).YoucanalsoaddSpeaktotheRibbonbyusingthefollowingsteps(seeFigure4-5):1.?StartbylaunchingWord,andopentheBackstageViewbyclickingonthe"File"button.2.?SelecttheCustomizeRibbontabinOptions.3.?IntheChoosecommandsfrom:drop-downmenu,selectCommandsNotintheRibbon.4.?Createacustomtaboranewgroupbyclicking"NewTab"or"NewGroup"(YoucanrenametheTabortheGroupusingtheRenamebutton).5.?Select"Speak"fromthescrollboxandaddittoyourcustomTabandGroupbyclicking"Add".6.?Click"OK",andtheSpeakiconwillnowappearintheRibbon.Speakisnowreadyfortext-to-speechplayback,whenthecursoriswithinawordoryouhaveselectedsometext!Click"Speak"tobegintext-to-speechplayback.Clickingthebuttonduringspeechwillcancelplayback(seeFigure4-6).Section3ExtendedReadingTheOffice2010SuiteWillbeReleasedMicrosoftOfficehasbeenthebestsellingpieceofsoftwareforfiveyearsrunning.HowdoesthecompanyplantocompetewhenitreleasesOffice2010?Makemostofitavailableforfree(seeFigure4-7).TocounterthepopularityofGoogle'sonlineDocsapplication,whichbundlesaword-processingtool,spreadsheetediting,presentationfunctionalityandmoreintoonefreeapp,Microsoftisaddingitsownfreeonlinecomponent－Webapps.TheOffice2010suite,whichMicrosoftwillreleasetobusinesscustomerstomorrowandtoconsumersinearlyJune,willincludetheabilitytocreate,edit,viewandsharefilesonlineusingthecompany'sSkyDrivewebsite.Infact,youwon'tevenneedtobuytheprogramtousetheonlinetools;MicrosoftwillmakethemajorityofOfficefunctionalityavailableforfreetoanyone－whetherthey'veboughtthenewsuiteornot.Tousetheonlinefunctions,simplyvisitSkyD(ortheFacebook-ifiedversionat).YoucanalsosaveafilefromoneoftheOffice2010appsdirectlytoSkyDrive.Thenvisitthefilefromanybrowser,anywhereyougo,andclicktheeditbuttontobringupeditingoptions.Thefreeversionsoftheseappsdon'tincludeallofthefunctionalityyou'llfindifyoubuyOffice2010,butmostuserswillprobablyfinditsufficient.Sowhichiseasiertouse,GoogleDocsorOffice2010?Botharerelativelystraightforwardprograms,thoughOfficeaddssomeneatextras,suchastheabilitytobroadcastaPowerPointpresentationacrosstheInternet.OfficeWebAppshaveafewroughedgesstill,butonceironedoutthey'llbeveryrobustprograms－especiallyconsideringtheprice.There'smoretoOffice2010thanjustthat,ofcourse.OutlookfanswillappreciateanewSocialConnectorfeature,whichbringsthee-mailandcalendaringprogramintotheworldofsocialnetworking.Itletsyousynccontactdatawithpopularsocialnetworks,sharingstatus,pictures,shareddocumentsandmore.Office2010alsoaddsaveryneat"broadcast"functionforPowerPointpresentations.ThefeatureuploadsyourpresentationtoasecurewebsiteandgivesyouauniqueURLtoit;passtheURLtoyourfriendsorcolleaguestocreateanimpromptupresentationfromwhereveryouare.It'saveryconvenientwaytocollaborate－thoughtostartsuchapresentation,you'llneedtobuyMicrosoftOffice2010.Therearemanyothersmallerimprovements,ofcourse,suchasExcel'sSparklines－anewdatavisualizationtechniquethataddslittletrendlinesintoindividualcells－newtexteffectsforWord,videoeditingfunctionsinPowerPointandsoon.Butthebiggestchangeuserswillencounterishardlyanewoneatall.WhenMicrosoftreleasedOffice2007,thecompanyrewrotetherulesforinterfacingsoftwarewith"theRibbon",anewuserinterfaceparadigmthatbubblesupcontextualcommands－intheory,justtheonesyou'llwantforwhateveryou'redoing.Theinterfaceispolarizing:Youeitherloveitorcan'tfigureouthowtouseit.Andthat'spartofthereasonMSdidn'thaveagigantichitonitshandswiththelastversionofitsproductivitysuite.WithOffice2010,theRibbonexpandsontoalloftheOfficeapps.Learntoloveit,inotherwords－andembracetheonlinefutureofOffice.Office2010sellsinseveralversions.OfficeProfessional,whichincludesWord2010,Excel2010,PowerPoint2010,OneNote2010,Outlook2010,Publisher2010,Access2010,andpremiumtechnicalsupportispricedat$499forthefullboxedcopyor$349fortheproductkeycard.OfficeHomeandBusinesssellsfor$279inabox,or$199foraproductkeythatletsyoudownloadandactivatetheapponline.ThisversionincludesWord2010,Excel2010,PowerPoint2010,OneNote2010,andOutlook2010.OfficeHomeandStudentispricedat$149fortheboxedversionand$119fortheproductkeycardandincludesWord2010,Excel2010,PowerPoint2010,OneNote2010,andtheOfficeWebApps.ItisavailableinaFamilyPack,allowinguseonthreePCsinonehome.MicrosoftTeamsChallengesSlackforOfficeDominanceChattingandcollaboratingwithcolleaguesusedtobeallaboutwatercoolersandwhiteboards.Thesedaysit'smoreaboutvideoconferencing,e-mailandatleastoneformofinstantmessaging.Microsoftisthelatestcompanytojumponthework-chatbandwagonwiththelaunchofTeamsataNewYorkeventWednesday.Teamsbringstogetherchats,notesandplanningwiththeintentionofbeingastandalone,catchalltooltopromotegoodorganizationandproductivityinoffices,nomatterwhattypeofprojectpeopleareworkingon.Thefocusofthelaunchwasoncollaboration,bringingtogetherthecommunicationsexpertiseofMicrosoft'sSkypedivisionwiththework-habitsknowledgeofitsOfficeunit.Teamssupportsthreadedchat,personalizationandOffice365integration.ItalsohascompanionappsforiOS,AndroidandWindowsPhone."Thisisanexperiencethattrulyempowersthatartformofhowteamsworkandhowteamsdrivesuccess,"saidMicrosoftCEOSatyaNadella.Microsoftisn'ttheonlycompanytoshowoffaSlackrivalinrecentweeks.LastmonthataneventinLondon,FacebookunveiledWorkplacebyFacebook,awork-basedcollaborationandchatroomplatform.ThesuccessofSlack,whichboastsmorethan3milliondailyusersatlastcount,showsthere'shugedemandforsuchservices.UnlikewithSlack,inTeamsyoucanreplytomessagesbycreatingthreads.MicrosofthopestosetTeamsapartwithfeaturesthatbringOffice365toolsintotheservice.Youcanautosaveattachmentstofoldersforeachstream,pinfrequentlyusedfilestoyourdashboard,integrateyourplannerortaskmanagerandusethird-partyplug-inslikeZendesk.RobotsalsoplayakeyroleintheoperationofTeams,includingT-bot,anintelligentassistant,andWhoBot,whichisdesignedtoanswerquestionsaboutwhodoeswhatinyourorganization.MicrosoftisrumouredtohavemulledbuyingSlackearlierthisyearfor$8billion(thecompanydeclinedtocommentonthisatthetime),butneitherNadellanorcompanyfounderandadvisorBillGateswasreportedlyconvinceditwasasmartbuy,preferringinsteadtofocuseffortsonitsownSkype.OnWednesday,inafulladittookoutinTheNewYorkTimesandalsopublishedonline,Slackacknowledgeditnowhas"somecompetition",anditspoketoitsrivals."It'svalidatingtoseeyou'vecomearoundtothesamewayofthinking,"thecompanysaid,"Wewanttogiveyousomefriendlyadvice."TheadwasSlack'sattempttoremindtheworldwhyithasbecomesosuccessful.ButthefactitwasputoutthereinthefirstplacemayalsosuggestthecompanyisfeelingjitteryatthechallengefromMicrosoft.ApreviewofTeamsisavailableimmediatelyin181countriesin18languages.Microsoftplanstoreleasethefullversionsometimeduringthefirstthreemonthsofnextyear.TheWayAhead:InnovatingTogetherinChina-byWilliamH.GatesWhenIvisitedherein1997－10yearsago－Iwasveryimpressedbythetalent,theenthusiasmandthecreativityofthestudentsthatImetatTsinghua.AnditinspiredmetosupportMicrosoftincreatingaresearchlabhereinBeijing.Thatresearchlabhasgoneontoincrediblesuccess,ledbyHarryShumandjoinedbytopuniversitygraduatesfromthisschoolandothers.It'smadehugecontributionstoMicrosoft.Andifyoulookatvariousconferencesgettingtogethertodiscussthestate-of-the-artissues,theresearchersfromthislabaremakinghugecontributions.Orifyoulookattheproducts,eventherecentWindowsVistaorOffice2007,wehavesubstantialinnovationsinthoseproducts.Thisisanincredibletimetobeastudentatthisuniversity.Thefrontiersofscience，includingcomputerscience,haveneverbeennearer.Theopportunitytoimprovepeople'slivesineverywayhasneverbeenstronger.We'vereallyjustscratchedthesurfaceofthedigitalrevolution.Yes,wehaveaboutabillionpersonalcomputersthatareconnecteduptotheInternet.Andwe'vealreadystartedtotransformthewaypeoplethinkstudyinginformationandsharinginformation.Buttherearesomuchmorethatwecando.Theexponentialimprovementinnotonlytheprocessortransistorsbutalsowhatwehaveinstorageoropticfiberbandwidthgiveusanopportunitytoapplysoftwarethatcanworkinafarmorepowerfulway.Forexample,whenwethinkaboutTVtoday,it'sjustapassive，non-interactivesituation,butthat'sintheprocessofchanging:changingsothatyoucangetanyshowthatyouwantontheInternet,changingsothatitcanbeinteractivesothatyoucanlearnasyougohome,changingsothattheflexibilityeventotalkandcollaboratewithotherswillbepartofthatexperience.Ifyouthinkaboutproductdesign－andproductsaregoingtobedesigneddigitally.IspentseveralhoursyesterdayattheAgriculturalRiceInstitutetalkingwiththeexpertsthereabouthowtheyareusingsoftwaretechnologytosequencedifferentricevarieties.Andthey'reoptimisticthattheycancomeupwithnewvarietiesthatwillrequirelessfertilizer,lesswaterandyetincreasetheyield.Anditsadvanceslikethatreallyreachoutandchangethelivesnotjustofthoseofuswhoworkintechnologybutpeopleeverywhere.Theadvancesinmedicinearedependentonsoftware,softwarethatcanmanagethedatabasesandunderstandthecomplexsystems.I'mveryoptimisticthatwecanmakebigbreakthroughsbasedonwhatsoftwarewillprovide.Andifyouthinkaboutyourmobilephonegoingfrombeingjustavoicedevicetobeingsomethingthatcanbea"digitalwallet"，thatcanshowyoumapsandyou'llbeabletotalktoitandaskforinformationanditwillgoouttotheInternetandfindthethingsthatyou'reinterestedin.Intermsoflearning,bycreatingwhatwecallthe"studenttablet"thatwillbeveryinexpensiveandthesizeofatabletbutwirelesslyconnectedtotheInternetandabletorecordyourvoiceorrecognizeyourinkhandwritingandyetprovidelearningexperiencesthatarefarmoreeffective－andinfactbringingtogetheralloftheworld'sknowledgeontheInternetinaveryattractiveform.Teacherswillbeabletoseetheworld'sbestlectures,andthey'llbeabletoseethebestmaterialsandforthefirsttimestarttosharewitheachother.Andsoforanyonewhowantstolearnorwantstoteach，itwillbeavery,verydifferentworld.WecertainlyhavesomeverytoughandinterestingproblemsthatIknowthestudentsherewillbemakingbreakthroughsin.Writingsoftwarethat'sreliable,that'stotallysecure,softwarethatcanhandleparallelexecution,softwarethat'sveryeasytouseandsoftwarethatcansolvesomeverytoughproblems,forexample,problemsofartificialintelligencethatwe'vealreadyspentmanydecadesworkingon.Andsothisisanamazingtimetobeworkinginthesciencesandparticularlyincomputerscience.It'salsoanamazingtimetothiscountry.What'sgoingoninChinaandthegrowthofitseconomywithincrediblecontributionsnotjustwithinthecountrybuttotheglobaleconomyaswell－youknow,startingtobeaverymajorcontributorinallthesciences,advancesinthemedicaldrugs，advancesincomputerscience.Chinawillstarttoplayaverysubstantialrole,andpartofthatistheinvestmentsthathavebeenmadeinhavingworld-classuniversities,ofwhichTsinghuaisreallytheshiningexample.ForMicrosoft,wehaveacommitmenttoworkwithourpartnershereandmakethemsuccessful,tomakesurethatthereareliterallyhundredsofsoftwarestart-upsthatnotonlysellinthemarketherebutselltotheentireworld.Wealsowanttomakesurethatthedigitaladvancesareavailabletoallthecitizens.Andsowhetherit'sdisplacedworkersormigrantsorpeoplewhohavedisabilities－forexample,blindpeople－tryingtousethecomputer,therearethesespecialprogramsthatwecanputtogethertomakesurethatsoftwarereallyisn'tjustforthefewbutreallyisaboutempoweringeveryone.Agoodexampleofthatisthe170HopeCyberSchoolswhereweprovidedlotsoftraining.Thiscommitmenttothinklong-termandthiscommitmenttothefutureis