歐洲國際貿(mào)易行業(yè)市場前景及投資研究報告-外文版培訓課件

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SOCIETYInternationalTradeinEuropeCHAPTER

01OverviewoftradeinEuropeAnnualgoodstradebalanceoftheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2023(inbillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:goodstradebalance2002-2023300200264.4228.2222.2100216.7191.1171.4149.4147.668.458.656.829.837.537.90-100-200-300-400-500-9.2-27.4-35.5-41.7-66.4-76.2-133.8-436.12002

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20234Description:TheEuropeanUnionwentfromconsistentlyrunningatradesurplussince2012,torunningatradedeficitworthalmost430billioneurosin2022.Thissuddensurgeinthebloc'sdeficitwaslargelycausedbyamorethandoublingofthecostoffuelimportsduetoRussia'sinvasionofUkraineandtheEU'ssubsequentboycottofRussianenergyexports.WhileintheorytheEU'stradebalanceshouldonlyreflectitstradewithcountriesoutsideoftheunion,asinternalEUexportsandimports[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EUSource(s):EurostatGoodstradebalanceofEuropeanUnionmemberstateswithallcountriesoftheworldin2023(inmillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:goodstradebalancewithallcountries2023,bymemberstate250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000-50,000-100,000-150,0005Description:Germany,theNetherlands,andIrelandarethethreecountrieswiththegreatestgoodstradesurpluswiththerestoftheworldin2023.Attheotherendofthescale,France,Spain,andGreecerunlargetradedeficitsvis-a-vistherestofworld.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2023Source(s):EurostatBalanceoftradeinservicesintheEuropeanUnionin2022,bymemberstate(inmillioneuros)EUInternationalTrade:servicesbalanceoftrade2022,bymemberstates100,00080,00060,00040,00020,0000-20,000-40,0006/statistics/1387273/eu-international-trade-services-balance-trade-member-statesAsof2022,Spain,France,andPolandwerethethreeEuropeanUnioncountrieswiththelargestoverallsurplusesintermsofservicestrade.Ontheotherhand,Germany,Italy,Finland,Sweden,Belgium,andIrelandallrunservicesdeficitsasof2022.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsexportsfromtheEuropeanUniongoingtointra-EUandextra-EUtradepartnersfrom2002to2023EUInternationalTrade:shareofintra-andextra-EUexportsintotal2002-2023Intra-EUExtra-EU100%90%80%38.42%

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61.77%60.01%60.1%59.53%59.03%

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58.43%58.79%20%10%0%2002

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20237Description:TheshareoftotalexportsfromEuropeanUnionmemberstateswhichgoestootherEUcountriesunderwentadeclinefromitsearly2000shighpointduringtheglobalfinancialcrisis,greatrecessionandEurozonecrisis(2007-2012),beforereboundingbacktoaround62percentoftotalexportsintheearly2020s.Thisshareisagoodindicatoroftherelativeimportanceofintra-EUtrade,thatis,tradegovernedbythe"fourfreedoms"oftheEuropeanSingleMarket(freedomof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsimportsfromtheEuropeanUnioncomingfromintra-EUandextra-EUtradepartnersfrom2002to2023EUInternationalTrade:shareofintra-andextra-EUimportsintotal2002-2023Intra-EUExtra-EU100%90%80%39.7%

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38.78%39.19%

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60.35%60.76%59.13%58.8%58.32%58.83%57.73%57.8%20%10%0%2002

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20238Description:TheshareofgoodsimportsintheEUcomingfomEUmemberstates(i.e.intra-EUimports)increasedbyaround3.5percentin2023,likelyduetotheimpactofEUmemberstatescuttingtraderelationswiththeRussianFederation,aswellastheheightenedtradetensionsbetweentheEUandotherglobaleconomicpowers,suchasChina.Overtheperiodsince2002,theshareofimportscomingfromintra-EUandextra-EUsourcehaveremainedrelativelystable,withroughlythree-fifthsof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofworldgoodsimportsandexportsoftheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2023EUshareofworldexportsandimports2002-2023ShareofworldimportsShareofworldexports19.5%18.5%17.5%16.5%15.5%14.5%13.5%12.5%2002

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20239Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sshareofbothworldexportsandimportshasonaveragebeenfallingforthepasttwodecades.Duringthistime,theEUopenedupasmalltradedeficitduringtheyearsaroundtheGreatRecessionandtheEurozonecrisis,beforesustainingalargesurplusintheyearsafter2011.ThissurpluswasdrivenbyexportingcountriessuchasGermanywhospecializeinexportingproductssuchaschemicals,manufacturedproductsandheavymachinery,whilethecost[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualexternalgoodstradebalanceofgoodsfortheEuropeanUnionbyproductgroupfrom2002to2023(inmillionsofEuro)InternationalTradeoftheEU:externaltradebalanceoftheEUbyproduct2002-2023MachineryandtransportequipmentFood,drinksandtobaccoOthermanufacturedgoodsChemicalsandrelatedproductsCommoditiesandtransactionsnotclassifiedelsewhereintheSITCRawmaterialsMineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterials600,000400,000200,0000-200,000-400,000-600,000-800,000-1,000,0002002

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202310Description:TheEuropeanUnion'sexternalforeigntradeisdefinedbythefactthatitmustexportmoremanufacturedgoodsthanitimportsinordertopayforitslargedeficitinenergyandfuels.Throughoutthetwodecadessince2002,theEUhasexpandedtheitstradesurplusinareassuchasmachineryandtransportequipment,aswellaschemicalgoods,whileitsdeficitinfuelandenergyincreasedintheearly2010s,beforedeclininginthelatterhalfofthedecade.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatCHAPTER

02EUExportsAnnualintra-andextra-EuropeanUniongoodsexportsfrom2002to2023(intrillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:intra-andextra-EUexports2002-2023Intra-EUExtra-EU8.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.02002

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202312Description:ThetotalexportsoftheEuropeanUnionrosetoover6.6trillionEurosin2023,withoverfourtrillionoftheseexportsbeingbetweenmemberstatesoftheEUandaround2.5trillioncomingfromtradewithpartnersoutsideoftheEU.InternationalTradeofEUcountrieshasalmosttripledinabsolutevalueinthetwentyyearsfrom2002to2023.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualintra-andextra-EUexportsofservicesfrom2010to2022(intrillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:intra-andextra-EUservicesexports2010-2022EU-27Extra-EU3.02.52.01.361.081.091.50.990.930.930.850.840.751.00.50.00.690.670.610.561.291.021.020.930.860.870.790.740.690.60.630.540.57201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202213Description:ServicesexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontocountriesbothwithinandoutsideoftheEUhavegrownbyroughlyhalfinabsolutevalueovertheperiodfrom2012to2022.Exportstonon-EUcountriescurrentlyareroughly70billionEurosgreaterannuallythanexportswithintheEU.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2010to2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsexportsfromtheEUtoallcountriesoftheworldfrom1988to2023,bytradingpartnerEUInternationalTrade:shareofgoodsexportstolargesttradepartners1988-2023RestofWorldNetherlandsGermanyBelgiumRestofEUPolandUnitedStatesSpainFranceChinaItalySwitzerlandUnitedKingdomAustria100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%14Description:Germany,theUnitedStates,andFrancewerethethreebiggestexportmarketsforexportersfromEuropeanUnionmemberstates,asof2022.Overthetwodecadesfrom2002to2022,Germany,Poland,China,andtherestoftheEUgrewsubstantiallyasexportmarkets,withChinaandPolandbothmorethandoublingtheirsharesoftotalEUexports.Ontheotherhand,theUKwasthefastestdecliningexportmarket,asitsshareofEUexportssankfromapproximately9.5percentto[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1988to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsexportswithintheEuropeanUnion,bymemberstatefrom2002to2023EUinternaltrade:shareofintra-EUgoodsexports2002-2023,bymemberstateGermanyHungaryBulgariaNetherlandsSwedenGreeceBelgiumIrelandLithuaniaFranceSlovakiaCroatiaItalyDenmarkEstoniaPolandRomaniaLatviaSpainPortugalLuxembourgCzechiaSloveniaCyprusAustriaFinlandMalta100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2002

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202315Description:Sharesofintra-EUtrade,thatis,thetradeofgoodsbetweenEuropeanUnionmemberstates,haveremainedrelativelystableovertheperiodsince2002,withafewnotabletrends.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofexportsfromtheEuropeanUniontonon-EUcountriesbytradingpartnerfrom2002to2023ShareofEUexportsbytradingpartner2002-2023RestofworldUnitedStatesUnitedKingdomChinaSwitzerlandTurkey100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2002

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202316Description:TheexporttradeoftheEuropeanUnionexperiencedsomenotableshiftsoverthetwodecadessince2002,withChinaemergingasasignificantexportmarketandtheUnitedKingdomlosingitsplaceastheEU'ssinglelargestexportpartner.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualtotalgoodsexportsoftheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2022,byproductcategory(inmillioneuros)EUInternationalTrade:totalworldgoodsexports2002-2022,byproductcategoryMachineryandtransportequipmentChemicalsandrelatedproducts,n.e.s.Mineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsCommoditiesandtransactionsnotclassifiedelsewhereintheSITCOthermanufacturedgoodsFood,drinksandtobaccoRawmaterials3,000,0002,500,0002,000,0001,500,0001,000,000500,00002002

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202217Description:TheexportsofEUcountriestoallothercountriesoftheworld(bothwithinandoutsideoftheEU)areconcentratedintheproductcategoriesofmachineryandtransportequipment,manufacturedgoods,andchemicalsandrelatedproducts.Exportsinallproductcategoriesexperiencedasurgein2022,asgoodsexportsreturnedtogrowthfollowingtheeasingofsupplychainandotherconstraintsintheaftermathoftheCOVID-19pandemic.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofworldexportsexportedbytheEuropeanUnionbrokendownbyproductgroupsfrom2002to2023InternationalTradeoftheEU:worldgoodsexportssharebyproductgroup2002-2023MachineryandtransportequipmentOthermanufacturedgoodsChemicalsandrelatedproducts,n.e.s.Mineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsCommoditiesandtransactionsnotclassifiedelsewhereintheSITCFood,drinksandtobaccoRawmaterials25%20%15%10%5%0%2002

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202318Description:TheEuropeanUnionmakesupadecliningshareoftheworldeconomyinthe21stcentury.Inthetwodecadessince2002,theEUshareofworldexportshasdeclinedconsistentlyfromaround19percent,tolessthan15percentintheearly2020s.ThisdeclinehasbeendrivenbylargedropsintheshareofEUexportsinmachinery&transportequipment,aswellasinothermanufacturedgoods.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatTotalannualgoodsexportsbyEuropeanUnionmemberstatestoothercountrieswithintheEUfrom1999to2023(intrillionsofEuros)EUInternalTrade:totalintra-EUgoodsexports1999-2023,bymemberstateGermanyHungaryBulgariaNetherlandsSwedenGreeceBelgiumIrelandCroatiaFranceSlovakiaLithuaniaItalyDenmarkEstoniaPolandRomaniaLuxembourgSpainPortugalLatviaCzechiaFinlandCyprusAustriaSloveniaMalta4.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.01999

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202319Description:Overtheperiodsince1999,exportswithintheEuropeanSingleMarkethavegrownfromaround1.3trillionEuroannually,toover4trillionEuroby2023.ThesuccessofthesinglemarketinpromotingtradeintegrationliesintheEU's'fourfreedoms'-freedomofgoods,services,labor,andcapital-whichhaveremovedbarrierstotradebetweenthememberstatesandallowedbusinessestooperatethroughouttheunioninthesamewayinwhichtheyoperateintheirdomesticmarkets.Asof[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1999to2023Source(s):EurostatCHAPTER

03EUImportsAnnualintra-andextra-EuropeanUniongoodsimportsfrom2002to2023(intrillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:intra-andextra-EUimports2002-2023Intra-EUExtra-EU8.07.06.05.04.03.02.01.00.02002

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202321Description:ThetotalimportsoftheEuropeanUniondeclinedby600millioneurosbetween2022and2023,reaching6.53trillioneurosintotal.Oftheseimports,4trillionweretradebetweenEUmemberstates,whileanother2.5trillioneurosworthofimportscamefromtradepartnersoutsideoftheunion.TheabsolutevalueofimportsbyEuropeanUnionmemberstateshasmorethandoubledintheperiodsince2002.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualintra-andextra-EUimportsofservicesfrom2010to2022(intrillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:intra-andextra-EUservicesimports2010-2022EU-27Extra-EU2.52.01.51.161.020.950.860.910.820.780.771.00.50.00.640.570.550.510.491.20.950.950.880.820.80.740.70.650.610.570.540.51201020112012201320142015201620172018201920202021202222Description:TheoverallvalueofEUservicesimportswasovertwotrillioneurosin2022,ofwhich1.2trillioncamefromthe27EUmemberstatesandanadditional1.16trillioncamefromoutsidetheEuropeanUnion.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2010to2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsimportsintotheEUfromallcountriesoftheworldfrom1988to2023,bytradingpartnerEUInternationalTrade:shareofgoodsimportsfromlargesttradepartners1988-2023RestofworldFranceGermanyItalyRestofEUPolandNetherlandsSpainChinaCzechiaUnitedStatesUnitedKingdomBelgiumAustria100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%23Description:Asof2023,thecountryfromwhichEUmemberstatesimportedthemostwasfromGermany,followedbytheNetherlands.Intermsofnon-EUexporterstotheEU,Chinaiscurrentlythelargesttradingpartner,accountingfor8percentofallimportsin2023-atenfoldincreaseinitsshareofEUimportssince1988.OtherexporterswhohavegrowntobeimportanttradingpartnersforEUcountriesinrecentdecadesincludethepost-communistcountriesofPolandandCzechia,bothofwhom[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):1988to2023Source(s):EurostatTotalannualgoodsimportsbyEuropeanUnionmemberstatesfromwithintheEUfrom1999to2023(inmillionsofEuros)EUInternalTrade:totalintra-EUgoodsimports1999-2023,bymemberstateGermanySwedenBulgariaFranceHungaryCroatiaItalyRomaniaLithuaniaBelgiumPortugalSloveniaNetherlandsSlovakiaEstoniaSpainDenmarkLuxembourgPolandFinlandLatviaAustriaIreland(Eire)CyprusCzechiaGreeceMalta4.54.03.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.01999

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202324Description:TheinternalmarketoftheEuropeanUnionhascontinuedtogrowovertheperiodsince1999,despiteperiodsofeconomicdifficulty,suchastheGreatRecessionandEurozoneCrisisoftheearly2010sandtheCOVID-19pandemicoftheearly2020s.Sincetheturnofthemillennium,thetotalvalueofannualimportswithintheEUhavemorethantripled,fromaround1.2trillionEurostooverfourtrillionEuros.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;1999to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualtotalgoodsimportsoftheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2023,byproductcategory(intrillionsofeuros)EUInternationalTrade:totalworldgoodsimports2002-2023,byproductcategoryMachineryandtransportequipmentMineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsFood,drinksandtobaccoOthermanufacturedgoodsChemicalsandrelatedproducts,n.e.s.RawmaterialsCommoditiesandtransactionsnotclassifiedelsewhereintheSITC3.53.02.52.01.51.00.50.02002

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202325Description:In2022,themostimportedgoodscategorybyEUcountrieswasmineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterials,withthecategoryhavingmorethandoubledinvaluecomparedtothepreviousyear.ThisrapidincreaseinthecostoffuelimportsistiedtoRussia'sinvasionofUkraine,whichhasledtotheEuropeanUnionboycottingRussianfuelimports,previouslyitslargestenergysource.In2023,machineryandtransportequipmentonceagainbecamethemostimportedgoodscategoryinthe[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareoftheimportsintotheEuropeanUnionfromtherestofworldfrom2002to2023,byreceivingcountryInternationalTradeoftheEU:shareofextra-EUimportsbymemberstate2002-2023GermanyNetherlandsFranceItalySpainBelgiumPolandIrelandCzechiaSwedenOtherEUcountries100%90%80%70%60%50%40%30%20%10%0%2002

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202326Description:Duringthetwodecadessince2002,thesharesofEuropeanUnionimportsfromtherestoftheworldtakenbytheindividualmemberstateshaveundergonesubtleshifts.In2021,Germanywasstillthelargestimporter,asitwasin2002,however,theNetherlandsisthememberstatewhichhasexperiencedthegreatestincreaseinitsshareofimports,increasingfrom13percenttoalmost18percent.

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2002to2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodsimportswithintheEuropeanUnionin2023,bymemberstateEUinternaltrade:shareofintra-EUgoodsimports2023,bymemberstateShareofintra-EUimports40%

50%0%10%20%30%60%70%80%90%100%GermanyFrance22.2%11.7%8.4%ItalyNetherlandsBelgiumSpain8%7.9%6%Poland5.8%Czechia

3.9%Austria

3.9%Sweden

3%Hungary

2.5%Romania

2.2%27Description:TradewithintheEuropeanUnionisdefinedbytheEuropeanSingleMarket,aunion-widetradeareawhichensuresthefreemovementofgoods,services,capital,andlaborbetweenEUmemberstates.Overtheperiodsince2002,GermanyandFrancehavebeenthetwolargestimportersofgoodsfromothermemberstates,whichisperhapsunsurprising,astheyarebyfarthetwolargesteconomiesandpopulationsintheEU.Asof2023,Germanyimports22.2percentofthegoods[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2023Source(s):EurostatAnnualservicesimportswithintheEuropeanUnionfrom2017to2022,bymemberstate(intrillionsofEuros)EUInternalTrade:servicesimports2017-2022,bymemberstatesGermanyDenmarkCyprusFranceSpainLithuaniaNetherlandsPolandMaltaBelgiumFinlandPortugalItalyCzechiaSloveniaIrelandHungarySlovakiaLuxembourgRomaniaBulgariaAustriaEstoniaCroatiaSwedenGreeceLatvia1.41.21.00.80.60.40.20.020172018201920202021202228Description:WithintheEuropeanUnion,thelargestimportersofservicesareGermany,France,andtheNetherlands.ThetotalvalueofservicesimportswithintheEUin2021isover1.19trillionsEuros,risingsignificantlyfromtheCOVID-19relatedslumpintheservicestradein2020,whenservicesimportswereapproximately780billionEuros.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2017to2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualservicesimportsoftheEuropeanUnionfromtherestofworldbrokendownbyproductcategoryfrom2013to2021(inmillionsofEuro)EUservicesimportsbyproductgroup2013-2021ICT,media,computers,businessandfinancialservicesTransportequipmentandservices,travel,postalservicesHealth,pharmaceuticals,education,cultural,sportConstruction,wood,glass,stone,basicmetals,housing,electricalappliances,furnitureMining,quarrying,refinery,fuels,chemicals,electricity,water,wastetreatmentAgriculture,forestry,fishing,food,beverages,tobaccoTextile,apparel,shoes-servicesGovernment,militaryandother1,2001,000800600400200020132014201520162017201820192020202129Description:Duringthedecadesince2013,theEuropeanUnionimportedagrowingnumberofservicesfromtherestoftheworld.Inmostyears,themajorityoftheseserviceswerefromeitherICT,media,computers,business,orfinancialservices,withalmosthalfatrillionEuroworthofimportsinthisproductcategoryin2021.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2013to2021Source(s):EurostatCHAPTER

04Intra-EUTradeTotaltradebalanceforgoodsandserviceswithintheEuropeanUnionin2021,bymemberstate(inmillionsofEuros)EUInternalTradeBalance:tradebalanceforgoodsandservices2021,bymemberstateGoodsServices250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000-50,000-100,000-150,000-200,00031Description:TheNetherlandsisthebiggestnetexporterwithintheEuropean,withthevastmajorityofitsnetexportsbeingmadeupofgoodsratherthanservices.Ontheoppositeend,Franceistheunion'sbiggestnextexporter,withGermanybeingthesecondlargestnextimporter.WhileFrancemostlyimportsgoods,Germanyimportsmoreservices.ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021Source(s):EurostatAnnualbalanceoftradeofEuropeanUnionmemberstatesforIntra-EUtradeinbothgoodsandservicesin2023(inmillionsofEuros)EUInternalTrade:internalbalanceoftrade2023,bymemberstate350,000300,000250,000200,000150,000100,00050,0000-50,000-100,000-150,000-200,00032Description:ThebalanceoftradeofEUmemberstatesforintra-EUtradeshowsuswhichstatesaretheexportersandwhichstatesaretheimportersthroughouttheunion.Overtheperiodsince2002,Francehasconsistentlybeenthecountrywhichrunsthelargesttradedeficit(whenimportsaregreaterthanexports)withtherestoftheEU,whiletheNetherlandshasconsistentlyrunthelargesttradesurplus(exportsgreaterthanimports).ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2023Source(s):EurostatTotalbalanceoftradeforgoodswithintheEuropeanUnionfrom2021to2023,bymemberstates(inmillionsofEuro)EUinternaltrade:balanceoftradeingoods2021-2023,bymemberstate202320222021400,000300,000200,000100,0000-100,000-200,00033Description:ForgoodstradewithintheEuropeanUnion,whichisdefinedbytherulesoftheEuropeanSingleMarket,therearetwonotablecountrieswhosebalanceoftradearemassivelyunbalanced.TheNetherlandsisthecountrywiththelargestgoodstradesurplusintheunion,recordingapositivebalanceofover280billionEurosin2022,whileFrancerecordedasubstantialgoodstradedeficitofaround140billionEuros.AnotherstandoutcountryisGermany,aswhileitrecordsadeficitwhichis[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2021to2023Source(s):EurostatTradebalanceinservicesfortradewithintheEuropeanUnionin2022,bymemberstate(inmillionsofEuros)EUInternalTrade:servicestradebalance2022,bymemberstate60,00040,00020,0000-20,000-40,000-60,000-80,00034Description:ThecountrieswhichhavethelargestservicestradesurpluseswithintheEuropeanUnionareIreland,Luxembourg,andSpain,asof2022.Thetwolargestexportersofservices,IrelandandLuxembourg,aresomeofthesmallestEUmemberstates,witharoundfivemillionandhalfamillionresidentsrespectively.Whythesesmallcountrieshavesuchlargetradesurplusesisexplainedbythelocatingofseverallargemultinationalservicecompanieswithintheirborders,oftentotakeadvantage[...]

ReadmoreNote(s):Europe,EU;2022Source(s):EurostatAnnualshareofgoodstradedwithintheEuropeanUnionfrom2002to2023,byproductclassEUInternalTrade:shareofgoodstraded2002-2023,byproductclassMachineryandtransportequipmentChemicalsandrelatedproducts,n.e.s.Food,drinksandtobaccoOthermanufacturedgoodsMineralfuels,lubricantsandrelatedmaterialsRawma