倒裝句完整版本

PAGEPAGE5倒裝英語句子的基本語序是”主語+謂語”,稱作自然語序(NatureOrder).如果將謂語的全部或部分移至主語之前,這種語序稱作倒裝語序(InvertedOrder)。倒裝的原因，一是句子結(jié)構(gòu)的需要，如某些疑問句、感嘆句以及表示祝愿的句子，二是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)某個句子成分。倒裝有兩種：將主語和謂語完全顛倒過來，稱為全部倒裝（FullInversion）;有時只將部分謂語（如助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）提到主語之前，稱為部分倒裝（PartialInversion）.全部倒裝全部倒裝的句子結(jié)構(gòu)：謂語+主語,這種倒裝通常都是單個的謂語動詞，倒裝的時候不用進(jìn)行時、完成時等時態(tài)，也不用助動詞do，did等。以引導(dǎo)詞there開首的倒裝句：表示存在的therebe句型，主語在be之后。除be外，還可以使用lie,live,come,exist,sit,stand,remain等vi。Eg:Sometimes,therearejusttwochairsandatable.Thereexistsanancienttempleinthistown,whichattractsvisitors.Southoftheriverliesasmallfactory.以地點或時間副詞開首的倒裝句：以地點副詞here，there等，時間副詞then，now，next等開頭的倒裝句，其謂語動詞通常是be,come,go,follow等vi.Eg:Nowcomesyourturn.Here’ssomegoodnews.以方位副詞開首的倒裝句：以ahead,away,back,down,in,off,out,up,onthewall等表示方位的副詞開頭的倒裝句，其謂語動詞通常為come,go,fly,rush等表示移動的動詞。倒裝會使敘述顯得更加生動.Eg:Aheadwalkedthetiger.Onthewallhangtwopictures,whosevalueisbeyondwhatwecanimagine.以介詞短語開首的倒裝句：當(dāng)一個句子沒有賓語，或主語比較長，或為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語，?？蓪⒆鳡钫Z的介詞短語放在句首，同時把謂語放在主語前.Eg:Outoftheroomcameanoldwoman.Athefootofthemountainliesavillage.以現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞等開首的倒裝句：現(xiàn)在分詞、過去分詞、形容詞、副詞等有時可移到句首，來對動作或狀態(tài)加以強(qiáng)調(diào).Lyingonthefloorwasalitterboy.Seatedonthegrassareagroupofyoungstudents.such置于句首時：此句型中國的such多被認(rèn)為是表語，所以，such后的be動詞應(yīng)與其后的“真正主語”保持一致.Sucharethefacts;noonecandenythem.部分倒裝：部分倒裝的結(jié)構(gòu)：助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞be+主語+（主要動詞）以否定詞語開首的倒裝句：(1)以not,never,little,few,seldom,hardly,scarcely,nowhere,atnotime,bynomeans,innoway,innosituation,onnoaccount,undernocircumstances,notuntil,nosooner,notonly……but(also)……,neither……nor……等開頭的句子常用部分倒裝語序.Eg:AssoonasshearrivedinLondon,shetelephonedherparents.ThemomentshegottoLondon,shecalledherparents.OnarrivinginLondon,shegaveherparentsaring.OnarrivalinLondon,shemadeaphonecalltoherparents.NosoonerhadshereachedLondonthansherangupherparents.HardlyhadshearrivedinLondonwhenshephonedherparents.Attention:當(dāng)not否定主語或notonly…..butalso連接兩個并列主語時,不用倒裝語序.Eg:Notawordwassaid.Notonlythechildrenbutalsothegrown-upsareinterestedinthisTVplay.2.以”only+狀語”開首的倒裝句：“only+狀語（副詞/介詞短語/狀語從句）”置于句首，通常引起部分倒裝,只把謂語的一部分（多為助動詞或情態(tài)動詞）置于主語之前Eg:Onlythendidherealizethathehadmadeamistake.Onlyinthiswaycanwesolvethisproblem.Onlywhenyouhaveseenwhatheorshedoes,canyoucoverastorybyyourself.Attention:(1)在部分倒裝句中，如果謂語部分沒有助動詞，則需找助動詞來“幫助”構(gòu)成倒裝句。 Eg:Onlyafterthewardidhelearnthesadnews.(2)only修飾狀語從句時，從句不可倒裝。Eg:Onlywhenhereturneddidwefindoutthetruth.(3)only修飾主語時，句子不可倒裝。Eg:Onlyhecananswerthequestion.六個重要的固定句型：（1）…..so+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語，表示“…….也是如此”Eg:Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;sodothosewithdisabilities.使用特點：此句型也可寫成“itisthesamewith………”,或“soitiswith…..“Eg:Theylovehavinglotsoffriends;itisthesamewiththosewithdisabilities/soitiswiththosewithdisabilities.如果句意不是“…..也是如此”，而僅是對前面內(nèi)容的肯定或附和（此時的so=friend）,那么，句子不可使用倒裝式。試比較：Eg:A:Iwasafraid..(句中的I指的是說話者A)B:SowasI（I指的是B,此句意為：Iwasafraid，too）A:Iwasafraid.(I指的是A)B:Soyouwere.(you指的也是A，此句意為：Indeedyouwereafraid.)再比較幾個句子：A：Itishot.B:Soitis.A:Heislazy.B:Soisshe.(2)……;neither(nor)+be/have/助動詞/情態(tài)動詞+主語，表示“……也不這樣”Eg:Lilycan’tride;neither(nor)canLucy.使用特點：A.此句型也可以寫成“itisthesamewith…….”,或“soitiswith…….”Eg:Lilycan’tride;itisthesamewithLucy/soitiswithLucy.B.此句型中的neither(nor)不可用so….not替代，但可用not…..either改寫。Eg:Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Neither/Norhashe.Ihaveneverbeenabroad.Hehasnever/notbeenabroad.,either(3)So+adj./adv……that……,表示“如此…….以至于……..”Eg:SoclearlydoeshespeakEnglishthathecanalwaysmakehimselfunderstood.使用特點：在這個句型中，so引導(dǎo)的句子要倒裝，而that引導(dǎo)的句子不倒裝。（4）Neither……,nor…….,表示“….不……,也不…..”Eg:NeitherdoIknowit,nordoIcareaboutit.由于neither和nor都是否定詞，所以前后句都要倒裝。（5）notonly……butalso…..,表示“不僅…..而且….”Eg:Notonlywillbooksbegiventothestudents,butalsoclotheswillbeprovidedforthem.使用特點：此句型也可寫成notonly…..but或notonly……but……aswell的形式，但but(also)引導(dǎo)的句子必須用正常語序。(6)notuntil…….,表示“……直到……才…..”Notuntilhereturneddidwehavesupper.=Wedidn’thavesupperuntilhereturned.注意：如果notuntil引導(dǎo)的是句子，該從句的主謂不可倒裝，只是主句需倒裝。形式倒裝形式上的倒裝在語法上稱為前置，它的特點是，只是把強(qiáng)調(diào)的內(nèi)容提至句首，主謂不倒裝。感嘆句：Eg:Whataninterestingtalktheyhad!Howinterestingtheirtalkis!使用特點：對名詞感嘆（或中心詞是名詞）時，用what引導(dǎo)；對形容詞或副詞感嘆時，用how引導(dǎo)。themore……,themore……句型eg:Themoreyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.使用特點：此句型中的more代表的是形容詞或副詞的比較級，要靈活使用。Eg:Theharderyouwork,thegreaterprogressyouwillmake.(2)此句型中的第一個more引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個條件狀語從句；第二個themore引導(dǎo)的部分相當(dāng)于一個主句。所以，上面例句的意思實質(zhì)上是：Ifyouworkharder,youwillmakegreaterprogress.3.whatever,however+adj./adv.引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句句型Eg：Gotostampsalesandbuywhateveryoucanafford.Howeverdifficulttheproblemmaybe,wemustworkitoutthisevening.使用特點：Whatever后面常接名詞；however+形容詞/副詞+主語+…….Eg:Whateverreasonyouhave,youshouldcarryoutyourpromise.4.as，though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句采用倒裝形式的情況(1)表語的倒裝Eg:Tiredas/thoughhewas,hestillwentonhiswork.Strangeas/thoughshewas,shewasn’tabletosleep.Exhaustedas/thoughshewas,shewasn’tabletosleep.（2）謂語動詞的倒裝Eg:Tryashemight,hedidn’tpasstheexam.Searchastheywouldhereanthere,theycouldfindnothingintheroom.狀語倒裝Eg:Muchashelikesthebike,hedoesn’twanttobuyit.HardasIstudied,Icouldn’tcatchupwiththem.Attention:如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級作表語，則不再用冠詞。Eg:Childasheis,heknowsalot.Youngestasheisinourclass,hespeaksEnglishthebest.Excise:1.Foramomentnothinghappened.Then________allshoutingtogether.A.voiceshadcomeB.camevoicesC.voiceswouldcomeD.didvoicescome2.Hearingthedogbarkingfiercely,away_________.A.fleeingthethiefB.wasfleeingthethiefC.thethiefwasfleeingD.fledthethief3.Atthefootofthemountain_________.A.avillageliesB.liesavillageC.doesavillagelieD.lyingavillage4.Distinguishedguestsandfriends,welcometoourschool._______theceremonyofthe50thAnniversarythismorningareouralumni(校友)fromhomeandabroad.A.AttendB.ToattendC.AttendingD.Havingattended5.Newtechnologywasusedinteaching.Asaresult,notonly________,butstudentbecamemoreinterestedinthelessons.A.savedwasteachers’energyB.wasteachers’energysavedC.teachers’energywassavedD.wassavedteachers’energy.6.——Howwastheteleviseddebatelastnight?——Super!Rarely_________somuchmediaattention.A.adebateattractedB.didadebateattractC.adebatedidattractD.attractedadebate7.OnlywhenIfeltmyparentsforItaly_______howmuchIlovedthem.A.IrealizedB.IhadrealizedC.hadIrealizedD.didIrealized8.Onlythen_____howmuchdamagehadbeencaused.A.hadsherealizedB.sherealizedC.didsherealizeD.shehadrealized9.Somuchofinterest_______thatmostvisitorssimplyrunoutoftimebeforeseeingitall.A.offersBeijingB.BeijingoffersC.doesBeijingofferD.Beijingdoesoffer10.ItraveltotheBinhaiNewAreabylightrailwayeveryday,________domanybusinessmenwholiveindowntownTianjin.A.asB.whichC.whenD.though11.Billwasn’thappyaboutthedelayofthereportbyJason,and________.A.IwasneitherB.neitherwasIC.IwaseitherD.eitherwasI12.___________,Carolinacouldn’tgetthedooropen.A.TryasshemightB.AsshemighttryC.ShemightastryD.Mightsheastry完成句子：Atthesightofpoliceman,out____________________________frombehindthedoor.(小偷趕緊跑)（rush）OnlywhenIenteredtheseniorhighschool___________________________(我才開始顯露)agreatinterestinpoems.(show)Onlyyou_________________________________(解決這個問題).(settle)Oh,it’sSteve!Hardly________________________(我認(rèn)出他)justnow!Hehaschangedsomuch.(recognize)Bynomeans_____________________(我們允許)ourstudentstodropoutofschool.(allow)Hedidn’thearthenews;___________