外研版高中英語選擇性必修第一冊Unit5 Part3 Developing ideas Presenting ideas練習含答案

Unit5RevealingnaturePart3Developingideas&Presentingideas基礎過關練Ⅰ.熟詞生義1.Weneedtogettotherootoftheproblembeforewecansolveit.詞性:詞義:

2.Whatadisgrace!Hersonisamurdersuspectinthecase.詞性:詞義:

3.ItwasonlyafterafamilyconversationthatIfoundoutshewasactuallymydistantcousin.

詞性:詞義:

4.Atnight,Iofferedtotellthemafolktale,buttheydeclined.詞性:詞義:

5.Mostfoodwebs,forinstance,consistofmanyweaklinksratherthanafewstrongones.詞性:詞義:

6.HewaswithoutquestiononeofthegiantsofWesternliterature.詞性:詞義:

Ⅱ.單句語法填空1.(surprising),shedidntfeelnervousorregretfulaboutheractions.

2.The(injure)workersarenowbeingtakengoodcareofinthehospital.

3.Thelocalpoliceissueda(warn)againsteatinganyfishcaughtintheriver.

4.(易錯題)Thatgirldidtherightthing,soweshouldntblametheaccidenther.

5.Theprincessandhertwinsisterseemedtobealikesomeways,buttheywerequitedifferentintheircharacters.

6.Whatsurprisesmeisthataftertwoandahalfyears,themotherwilldrivetheyoungpanda.

7.(2024江蘇揚州月考)Theoriginofwhatisnowknownasmodernartcanbelinkedsocialchangeinthe18thcentury.

8.Icantbelievethatyougot(fine)forspeeding,andIthoughtofyouasacarefuldriver.

9.(易錯題)Theteacheraswellasthestudents(play)basketballintheplaygroundnow.

10.OnTuesday,WHOsaidthepolio(脊髓灰質炎)casesinXinjiang(detect)inthepasttwomonths.

Ⅲ.完成句子1.湯姆很擅長理科,而他的弟弟卻不是。(while)Tomisverygoodatscience,.

2.他微笑著點了點頭,示意一切都好。(indicate)Hesmilesandnods,.(讀后續(xù)寫—動作描寫)

3.夏天早上的空氣呼吸起來很好。(不定式主動形式表示被動意義)Themorningairinsummer.

4.老人在看電視,他的孫子在他身邊玩耍。(with的復合結構)TheoldmaniswatchingTVbesidehim.

5.Itissaidthatshehaspublishedanewbook.(句型轉換)→Sheanewbook.

能力提升練Ⅰ.課文語法填空Scientistsarelearningthesecretwaysinwhichplants“talk”toeachother.Ithasbeenknownforsometimethatplantsusechemicals1(communicate)witheachother.When2(attack)byinsects,theplantreleaseschemicalsfromtheleavesthat3(eat).Thisislike4warning.Whenanotherplantdetectsthechemicals,itstartstorelease5(it)owndifferentchemicals.Someofthesechemicalsdriveinsectsaway.

Moresurprisingly,plantsalsousesoundtocommunicate.Someplantsmakeanoisewiththeir6(root).Sometreesmakeaclickingnoisewhenthereisnotenoughwater,7(indicate)droughtisarriving.

Mostsurprisinglyofall,plantshavean8(amaze)systemofcommunicationthatcanlinknearlyeveryplantinaforest.Itiscalledthe“woodwideweb”,9isinsomewayssimilartotheInternetweuse.Usingthewoodwideweb,plantscanshareinformationandevenfood10eachother.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅱ.語法填空(2023廣東珠海二中期中)HighontheQinghai-TibetPlateau1(lie)“Chinaswatertower”Sanjiangyuan.ItishometotheheadwatersofChinasthreerivers:theYellowRiver,theYangtzeRiver,andtheLancang(Mekong)River.Itisthethreerivers2providewaterforabouthalfthepopulationofChina.However,humanactivitiesareputtingthisecosystem3risk.Hopefully,though,wecanrepairthisdamage.In2016,theChinesegovernmentestablishedSanjiangyuanNationalParkinQinghaiprovince.Thepark,4(schedule)toopenin2020,hasincreasedtheareasgreencoverageandattractedmorewildlife.Thelocalgovernmenthasalsomadegreatefforttoimprovebiologicaldiversity.ThesuccessofSanjiangyuanwillmarkthestartofa5(green)future.WithSanjiangyuan6(take)thelead,nineotherregionsinChina7(choose)byafieldconservationstationtocarryoutprojectsoverthepastthreeyears,8willformanationalparksystemtogether.TheideaofanationalparksystemisstillnewinChina,but9(it)realizationisurgent.Afterall,buildinganecologicalcivilizationbearsgreat10(important)inthedevelopmentandprogressofhumancivilization.

1.2.3.4.5.

6.7.8.9.10.

Ⅲ.閱讀理解(2024海南?？谝恢衅谥?Plantsareboring.Theyjustsittherephotosynthesizing(進行光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplantco-evolution(共同進化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmammals.Theseincludehollowthornsthatantswillliveinside,orextranectar(花蜜)onleavesorstemsfortheantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereitllgrowbetter,andsinceitsfartherawayfromitsparent,theywonthavetocompeteforresources.Butscientistswerentsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,anditsnoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymattersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.1.Whydosomeplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseeds?A.Torewardtheants.B.Tomakeafoolofants.C.Togettheseedsmovedaround.D.Toprovidenutritionfortheseeds.2.WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A.Whatantsdotoprotectplants.B.Howplantsandantsinteract.C.Howplantsandantssurviveattacks.D.Whyplantsandantsneedco-evolution.3.WhichisTRUEabouttheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplants?A.Antsdependedmoreuponplants.B.Howitgotstartedwasuncertain.C.Itcausedaraceforbetterevolution.D.Itwasoflittlevalueforfuturestudies.4.Whatstheauthorspurposeofwritingthepassage?A.Tointroduceascienceresearchmethod.B.Toarousereadersinterestinscienceresearch.C.Toinformreadersofalatestresearchfinding.D.Tocriticizepeoplestraditionalviewsaboutplants.Ⅳ.七選五(2024河北保定部分高中期中聯(lián)考)Tomatoplantsareadaptabletoless-than-optimalconditions,butmeetingtheirpreferredconditionsyields(出產)thejuiciestandmostdeliciousfruit.Light.1Inextremelyhotconditions,themorningsunlightandafternoonshadearesufficient.Althoughtheplantscangrowinmainlyshadyareas,theproductionoffruitwillbeseverelylimited.

Soilandwater.Tomatoplantsgrowbestwhentheyhavefertilesoilandconsistentmoisture(水分).Ifitrainslessthan25.4millimetersperweek,youneedtowaterthemyourself.2Placingmucharoundyourtomatoplantsdiscouragesweeds,maintainssoilmoisture,andpreventsdiseasesfromsplashingoffthesoilontotheleaveswhenitrains.Aimfora3-to4-inch-thicklayeroftheorganiccovering,suchasstraw,choppedleavesorfinelyshreddedwoodchips.

Temperatureandhumidity.3Waituntilthesoilwarmsinspringbeforesettingoutplants.Tomatoplantsgrowwellwhenthetemperatureisabout25℃.Althoughtheylovethesun,whenthetemperaturerisesabove40℃,theywillstopgrowing.Tomatoeslikearelativelyhighhumiditylevelof65percentto85percent.Levelshigherthanthisrangenegativelyaffecttheplants.

4Tomatoplantsgrowbestwhenfertilizedattwospecifictimesduringthegrowingseason:rightafterplantingandjustbeforethefruitdevelops.Applybalancedliquidplantfoodtothem.

Pruning(打杈).Tomatoplantsdonthavetobepruned.However,removinganysideshootsgrowingbetweenthemainstemandabranchisagoodidea.5

A.Fertilizer.B.Theplantingarea.C.Tomatoesarewarm-weatherfans.D.Ingeneral,tomatoplantsrequirethefullsun.E.However,topreventdiseases,avoidwettingtheleaves.F.Tomakethemgrowbetter,waterthemasoftenasyoucan.G.Theycaninfluencethegrowthofmainbranchesgrowingfruit.1.2.3.4.5.

Ⅴ.讀后續(xù)寫(2021山東滕州一中月考)閱讀下面材料,根據其內容和所給段落開頭語續(xù)寫兩段,使之構成一篇完整的短文。Alanandtheothercamperssataroundthefire,talkingandlaughing.ItwouldbeAlansfirstnightinatent,andhewasexcited,ifalittlenervous.Then,theconservationareaofficerspoke,“Muchofthewildlifeinthisregioncomesoutonlyatnight.Soaftersupper,letsstartanightwatch.Volunteerswilltaketurnstostaydownherebythefire,awayfromthetents.Thosewhotakepartwillgetachancetoseeadifferentworld.”“Isntitdangerous?”someoneasked.“No,itsquitesafe,”theofficersaid.“Therearenodangerousanimals.Anyvolunteers?”ThekidwhodsatnexttoAlanonthebusvolunteered.Alansatstill.Thenoneofthegirlsraisedherhand.“Ifagirlcoulddoit,Icould,too,”Alanthought.Hevolunteered.Afewmorekidsraisedtheirhands.Thentheofficerexplained,“Thisishowitworks.Whentherestofyougotobed,thefirstwatchertakeshisorherplacebythefire.Thedutyofthewatcheristokeepthefiregoing.Afterthirtyminutes,heorshewakesupthenextperson.Doyoustillwanttovolunteer?”Alannoddedbutfeltalittlenervous.SleepinginatentwithothercamperssoundedOK,buttheideaofbeingaloneinthedarkmadehimafraid.Theofficershowedtheorderofthewatch.Attenpasttwointhemorning,Alanfoundhimselfsittingbythefire,inagreatworldofdarkness.Hehadneverbeensoafraid.Alanhadtoturnoffhisflashlight(手電筒)becausehehadusedittoooften.Helookedatthestarsandtherisingmoon.Itwasntasdarkashedthoughtitwouldbe.Hetookcomfortfromthatandtriedtorelaxalittle.Lookingaround,Alanthoughthesawagiantbirdflyingdownthroughtheairandwonderedifitwasanowl(貓頭鷹).Hehadseensmallpawprintsinthesandbytheriver.注意:續(xù)寫詞數(shù)應為150個左右。Thentherewasanoise.

Alanfeltarushofexcitement.

答案與分層梯度式解析Unit5RevealingnaturePart3Developingideas&Presentingideas基礎過關練Ⅰ.1.名詞;起因,根源句意:我們需要先弄清問題的根源,然后才能去解決它。2.名詞;嫌疑犯句意:真丟臉!她兒子是這起案件的殺人嫌疑犯。3.形容詞;遠房的句意:在一次家庭談話之后,我才發(fā)現(xiàn)她實際上是我的遠房表妹。4.動詞;謝絕句意:晚上,我提出給他們講一個民間故事,但是他們婉言拒絕了。5.名詞;環(huán),圈句意:例如,大多數(shù)食物網都是由許多薄弱環(huán)節(jié)組成,而不是由幾個強有力的環(huán)節(jié)組成。6.名詞;偉人,卓越人物句意:毫無疑問,他是西方文學巨匠之一。Ⅱ.1.Surprisingly考查副詞。句意:令人驚訝的是,她并沒有對她的行為感到緊張或后悔。設空處的提示詞是形容詞,空后有逗號與句子隔開,故此處應用副詞作狀語,修飾整個句子。2.injured考查形容詞。句意:受傷的工人現(xiàn)在在醫(yī)院得到了很好的照顧。本空修飾名詞workers,故應用形容詞injured,意為“受傷的”。3.warning考查名詞。句意:當?shù)鼐桨l(fā)出警告不要吃在那條河里捕的任何魚。根據空前冠詞a可知,本空應用名詞形式,故填warning,意為“警告”。4.on考查介詞。句意:那個女孩做了正確的事,所以我們不應該把事故歸咎于她。blamesth.onsb./sth.意為“把某事歸咎于某人/某物”,故用介詞on。易錯歸因本題容易誤填for,注意blamesb./sth.forsth.“把某事歸咎于某人/某物”與上面提到的blamesth.onsb./sth.的區(qū)別,for后接的是所說的事情,on后接的是要責怪的人或物。5.in考查介詞。句意:公主和她的雙胞胎妹妹在某些方面似乎很像,但她們的性格卻截然不同。insomeways為固定短語,意為“在某些方面”。6.away考查副詞。句意:令我驚訝的是,兩年半后,熊貓媽媽會把小熊貓趕走。drive...away為固定短語,意為“使……離去”。7.to/with考查介詞。句意:現(xiàn)在被稱為現(xiàn)代藝術的起源可以與18世紀的社會變革聯(lián)系起來。belinkedto/with意為“同……有聯(lián)系,與……有關”。8.fined考查非謂語動詞。句意:我不敢相信你因為超速行駛而被罰款,我原以為你是個謹慎的司機。分析句子結構可知,此處考查“get+過去分詞”結構,該用法類似于被動語態(tài)。9.isplaying考查時態(tài)和主謂一致。句意:老師和學生們現(xiàn)在正在操場上打籃球。aswellas意為“和”,名詞后接aswellas連接的短語作主語時,謂語動詞的數(shù)和aswellas前的名詞保持一致,本題中aswellas前面是Theteacher,故謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式,根據語境可知,此處表示現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)生的事情,應用現(xiàn)在進行時。故填isplaying。類比啟發(fā)除了aswellas外,遵循“就遠原則”的短語還有togetherwith、alongwith、ratherthan等。10.hadbeendetected考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。句意:周二,世界衛(wèi)生組織表示,過去兩個月,在新疆發(fā)現(xiàn)了脊髓灰質炎病例。detect表示的動作發(fā)生在said之前,表示“過去的過去”,應用過去完成時,thepoliocases與detect之間為被動關系,故此處應用過去完成時的被動語態(tài)。Ⅲ.1.whilehisyoungerbrotherisnt2.indicatingthateverythingisfine3.isgoodtobreathe4.withhisgrandsonplaying5.issaidtohavepublished能力提升練Ⅰ.1.tocommunicate考查不定式。句意:一段時間以來,人們已經知道植物使用化學物質來相互交流。由句意可知,此處應用動詞不定式作目的狀語。2.attacked考查過去分詞。句意:當被昆蟲攻擊時,植物會從正在被吃的葉子中釋放化學物質。此處是When引導的時間狀語從句的省略。theplant與attack之間是被動關系,由于主句主語與從句主語一致,從句中含有be動詞,因此可省略從句主語和be動詞。故填attacked。3.arebeingeaten考查時態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致。分析句子可知,空前的that引導定語從句,that指代leaves,表復數(shù),根據語境可知此處指正在被吃的葉子,因此用現(xiàn)在進行時的被動語態(tài)形式。4.a考查冠詞。此處表示泛指,且warning以輔音音素開頭,故填a。5.its考查代詞。句意:當另一棵植物察覺到這些化學物質時,它開始釋放自己的不同的化學物質。onesown意為“某人自己的”。此處應用形容詞性物主代詞。6.roots考查名詞的數(shù)。root在文中意為“根”,為可數(shù)名詞,由空前的their可知此處應用復數(shù)形式。7.indicating考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:當沒有足夠的水時,有些樹會發(fā)出咔嚓聲,表明干旱即將到來。此處為現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語。8.amazing考查形容詞。句意:最令人驚訝的是,植物有一個驚人的交流系統(tǒng),可以把森林里的幾乎每一棵植物連接起來。根據空前的an和空后的名詞system可知此處應用形容詞,這里表示“驚人的交流系統(tǒng)”,故填amazing。9.which考查定語從句。句意:它被稱為“樹維網”,在某些方面類似于我們使用的互聯(lián)網。設空處無提示詞,逗號前的句子意思完整,不缺成分,空后句子缺少主語,故推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句。先行詞為the“woodwideweb”,指物,定語從句中缺少主語,故填which。10.with考查介詞。句意:利用樹維網,植物可以彼此分享信息甚至食物。share...with...與……分享……。Ⅱ.◎語篇解讀這是一篇說明文。文章主要介紹了在三江源生態(tài)保護區(qū)的帶動下,中國正在進行全國范圍的生態(tài)保護系統(tǒng)的建設,這將對人類文明的發(fā)展和進步有著重要的意義。1.lies考查倒裝和時態(tài)。句意:“中華水塔”三江源就坐落在青藏高原的高處。分析句子可知,本句為倒裝句,主語“Chinaswatertower”Sanjiangyuan為第三人稱單數(shù)形式,所填空為本句的謂語動詞,此處表示一般事實,應用一般現(xiàn)在時,故填lies。2.that考查強調句。句意:正是這三條河流為中國大約一半的人口提供了水源。將句中的Itis和設空處刪掉之后,句子剩余部分意思完整,不缺成分,由此推知本題考查強調句型:Itis+被強調部分+that/who+句子其余內容.;本句強調thethreerivers,故填that。3.at考查介詞。句意:然而,人類活動正把這個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)置于危險之中。putsth.atrisk意為“使某物處于危險之中”。4.scheduled考查過去分詞。句意:該公園計劃于2020年開放,增加了該地區(qū)的綠植覆蓋范圍,吸引了更多的野生動物。分析句子可知,句子謂語為hasincreased,因此設空處應用非謂語動詞;schedule與Thepark之間為被動關系,應用過去分詞作后置定語。故填scheduled。5.greener考查形容詞比較級。句意:三江源的成功將標志著更綠色的未來的開始。此處強調與現(xiàn)狀相比,未來更加“綠色環(huán)?！?因此設空處應用形容詞比較級。故填greener。6.taking考查現(xiàn)在分詞。句意:有了三江源的帶頭,在過去的三年里,中國的九個其他地區(qū)被一個野外保護站選中來開展項目,這將共同形成一個國家公園系統(tǒng)。分析句子可知,“WithSanjiangyuan6(take)thelead”為with的復合結構作狀語,Sanjiangyuan與take之間為主動關系,故此處應用現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補。故填taking。

7.havebeenchosen考查時態(tài)和語態(tài)。分析句子可知,所填空應為謂語,根據時間狀語overthepastthreeyears可知應用現(xiàn)在完成時,且choose與nineotherregions之間為被動關系,故填havebeenchosen。8.which考查非限制性定語從句。設空處無提示詞,空前有逗號且逗號前面的句子意思完整,不缺成分,而空后句子缺少主語,故推測設空處引導非限制性定語從句?！?willformanationalparksystemtogether”修飾先行詞nineotherregions,且先行詞在從句中作主語,應用關系代詞which。

9.its考查代詞。句意:(建立)國家公園系統(tǒng)的想法在中國還是剛剛開始,但它的實現(xiàn)是迫切的。此處應用形容詞性物主代詞修飾后面的名詞realization。10.importance考查名詞。句意:畢竟,建設生態(tài)文明對人類文明的發(fā)展和進步具有重要意義。設空處作動詞bears的賓語,且被great修飾,故應用名詞形式。故填importance?！靖哳l詞匯】1.establishvt.建立2.schedulevt.計劃3.diversityn.多樣性4.takethelead帶頭5.conservationn.保護Ⅲ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。一項新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn),螞蟻和植物之間的互動有著悠久的歷史。1.C細節(jié)理解題。根據第二段中的“Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaround,byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.”可知,有些植物在種子上附著食物包是為了讓種子四處移動。故選C。2.B主旨大意題。根據第二段中的“Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantuse.(植物上出現(xiàn)的許多不同的結構是專門供螞蟻使用的。)”和“Someantswilljustcheat...byprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.(有些螞蟻會欺騙,帶著花蜜跑掉,但有些螞蟻會留在周圍,攻擊任何試圖傷害這株植物的東西。其他植物通過給螞蟻提供附著在種子上的豐富的食物包來讓它們幫助移動種子。)”可知,第二段主要介紹的是植物和螞蟻是如何互動的。故選B。3.B細節(jié)理解題。根據第三段中的“Butscientistswerentsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.”可知,螞蟻和植物之間這種進化關系是怎么開始的還不確定。故選B。4.C推理判斷題。通讀全文可知,第一段中的“Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.”是全文的主旨句。由此推斷出,作者寫這篇文章的目的是告知讀者一項最新的研究結果,故選C?！靖哳l詞匯】1.interactionn.互動;相互影響2.feedon以……為食3.cheatv.欺騙;欺詐4.competeforsth.爭奪某物5.takeadvantageof利用6.gobackto追溯到【熟詞生義】armsracen.軍備競賽長難句原句Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereitllgrowbetter,andsinceitsfartherawayfromitsparent,theywonthavetocompeteforresources.分析本句是由并列連詞and(句中第三個and)連接的并列復合句。第一個分句中含有where引導的定語從句,修飾先行詞anutrient-richarea;第二個分句中含有since引導的原因狀語從句。譯文螞蟻會撿起種子,把它帶走,吃掉食物包,然后通常把種子留在一個營養(yǎng)豐富的地方,在那里它會長得更好,因為它離它的父母較遠,所以它們不必爭奪資源。Ⅳ.◎語篇解讀本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了種植番茄的最佳環(huán)境。1.D根據上文“Light.(光線)”以及后文“Inextremelyhotconditions...willbeseverelylimited.(在極端炎熱的條件下,早晨的陽光和下午的陰涼就足夠了。雖然這種植物能夠在大部分都是陰涼的地區(qū)生長,但其果實產量將受到嚴重限制)”可知,本段主要說明了番茄的生長需要陽光,D項中sun對應后文themorningsunlight,故D項“一般來說,番茄植株需要充足的陽光”符合語境。2.E根據上文“Ifitrainslessthan25.4millimetersperweek,youneedtowaterthemyourself.”可知,上文提到了要自己澆水,本句應當說明自己澆水的注意事項。E項“不過,為預防病害,應避免弄濕葉子”符合語境。3.C根據后文“Waituntilthesoilwarmsinspringbeforesettingoutplants.Tomatoplantsgrowwellwhenthetemperatureisabout25℃.Althoughtheylovethesun,whenthetemperaturerisesabove40℃,theywillstopgrowing.”可知,后文提到了在25℃左右時,番茄生長良好,以及番茄喜歡陽光,說明番茄喜歡溫暖的天氣。故C項“番茄喜歡溫暖的天氣”符合語境。4.A根據后文“Tomatoplantsgrowbestwhenfertilized...Applybalancedliquidplantfoodtothem.”可知,本