2025屆高考英語(yǔ)二輪復(fù)習(xí)備考專項(xiàng)沖刺專題17閱讀理解二含解析

專題17【閱讀理解】解題指導(dǎo)·觸類旁通尋方法，求策略，駕馭“套路”二．做出推理和推斷—推理推斷題閱讀理解【推理推斷題】滿分攻略命題規(guī)律考查內(nèi)容→閱讀材料中沒(méi)有干脆表達(dá)出來(lái)的內(nèi)容，須要依據(jù)文章已有考查內(nèi)容的信息，通過(guò)邏輯關(guān)系進(jìn)行推敲。正確選項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)→①原文同義替代。②段落主題或句群的論點(diǎn)。③由構(gòu)成對(duì)比的一方推斷出另一方。干擾項(xiàng)特點(diǎn)→①似是而非→A.對(duì)文章信息的簡(jiǎn)潔陳述，而不是推出的結(jié)論。B.推理一部分正確，一部分錯(cuò)誤。②夸大事實(shí)③推理過(guò)度，常出現(xiàn)only,all,always等肯定化的詞匯。答題技巧點(diǎn)撥細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)推斷題答題技巧→題干設(shè)置→常含有infer,conclude,indicate,suggest.①依據(jù)題干或選項(xiàng)定位原文，常用一些形容詞、副詞和不定式意義的動(dòng)詞來(lái)表達(dá)，如possible,impossible,seem,strange等。②利用逆向思維進(jìn)行推斷：原文和選項(xiàng)正反兩種說(shuō)法一樣。③綜合文段信息進(jìn)行推斷：在理解文章或者段落大意的基礎(chǔ)上進(jìn)行推斷。觀點(diǎn)看法題答題技巧→題干設(shè)置→常含有attitude,opinion,thinkabout等標(biāo)記詞。①正確理解文意，切勿用自己的觀點(diǎn)來(lái)代替作者的觀點(diǎn)。②留意描寫(xiě)環(huán)境、氣氛的語(yǔ)言及表達(dá)感情、看法或觀點(diǎn)的詞語(yǔ)。表達(dá)看法常用詞語(yǔ)→①表達(dá)主動(dòng)看法：approving（贊同的）optimistic（樂(lè)觀的）supportive（支持的）positive(主動(dòng)的)concerned（關(guān)切的）favorable（贊同的）②表示消極看法：critical(指責(zé)的)doubtful(懷疑的)negative(否定的)pessimistic(悲觀的)worried(擔(dān)憂的)uninterested(不感愛(ài)好的）③表示中立看法：objective(客觀的)subjective(主觀的)neutral(中立的)indifferent(漠不關(guān)切的)4.寫(xiě)作意圖題答題技巧→題干設(shè)置→常出現(xiàn)purpose，inorderto,why，wanttotellus等標(biāo)記詞在理解文章大意的基礎(chǔ)上，依據(jù)文體特點(diǎn)、作者闡述問(wèn)題的方法和文章語(yǔ)氣進(jìn)行推斷。文章來(lái)源&讀者對(duì)象題答題技巧→題干設(shè)置→通常有find,where,who,intend等標(biāo)記詞。①具備報(bào)紙、雜志、網(wǎng)絡(luò)、科普學(xué)問(wèn)、小說(shuō)、廣告、旅游指南、操作指南等常識(shí)。②產(chǎn)品說(shuō)明和藥品說(shuō)明類③出現(xiàn)click、website的是網(wǎng)絡(luò)。④出現(xiàn)名人、消遣方面的是雜志⑤出現(xiàn)科普學(xué)問(wèn)的是科技報(bào)告。⑥出現(xiàn)教化內(nèi)容的是教化板塊。⑦出現(xiàn)日期、地點(diǎn)和通訊社的一般是報(bào)紙。內(nèi)容預(yù)料題答題技巧→題干設(shè)置→常出現(xiàn)willhappen,continuetowrite,follow等詞把握作者寫(xiě)作思路，理清文章時(shí)間發(fā)展過(guò)程、因果關(guān)系、對(duì)比關(guān)系等、尤其要重視文章最終一段內(nèi)容和文末的幾句話?？键c(diǎn)突破·針對(duì)提能明考點(diǎn)，攻重難，有效提升熟記高頻詞→突破閱讀理解詞匯障礙高考英語(yǔ)考前必背570個(gè)高頻詞第七組第八組181.subsequentadj.隨后的；后來(lái)的182.virtuen.美德；優(yōu)點(diǎn)183.virtualadj.事實(shí)上的；虛擬的184.orientn.東方vt.使適應(yīng)185.portionn.一部分186.targetn.目標(biāo)；靶子vt.瞄準(zhǔn)187.portableadj.手提式的188.declinev.拒絕；謝絕；下降189.illusionn.錯(cuò)覺(jué)190.likelihoodn.可能；可能性191.stripen.條紋192.emphasizevt.強(qiáng)調(diào)；著重193.emotionn.情感；感情194.emotionaladj.感情的；心情（上）的195.awfuladj.極壞的；威歷的；可怕的196.awkwardadj.笨拙的；麻煩的197.cluen.線索；提示198.collisionn.碰撞；沖突199.devicen.裝置；設(shè)備200.devisevt.獨(dú)創(chuàng)；策劃；想出201.softwaren.軟件202.lunaradj.月亮的；月球的；陰歷的203.submergevi.潛入水中204.tissuen.組織；薄紗；手巾紙205.motivatevt.激勵(lì)；激發(fā)206.motiven.動(dòng)機(jī)；目的207.generatevt.產(chǎn)生（光、熱、電等）208.lestconj.生怕；免得209.liableadj.可能的；(to)易于...的210.liberaladj.自由主義的;自由的;慷慨的211.inevitableadj.不行避開(kāi)的212.navaladj.海軍的213.navigationn.航行214.necessityn.必需品；必要性215.previousadj.早先的；以前的216.provisionn.規(guī)定；條款；供應(yīng)品217.pursuevt.追逐；追求；從事,進(jìn)行218.staleadj.不簇新的；陳腐的219.substituten.代用品vt.代替220.deservevt.應(yīng)受；應(yīng)得；值得221.discriminationn.卑視；辨別力222.professionaladj.職業(yè)的；特地的223.neverthelessadv.仍舊；然而；不過(guò)224.neutraladj.中立的；中性的225.spotn.地點(diǎn)；斑點(diǎn)vt.認(rèn)出；發(fā)覺(jué)226.secureadj.平安的；牢靠的227.securityn.平安；保障228.scratchv./n.抓；搔；扒229.talentn.才能；天資；人才230.insurancen.保險(xiǎn)；保險(xiǎn)費(fèi)231.insurevt.給...保險(xiǎn)；保證；確保232.sprayv.噴；（使）濺散233.mediumadj.中等的n.新聞媒介234.median.新聞傳媒235.auxiliaryadj.協(xié)助的；備用的236.automaticadj.自動(dòng)的237.competevi.競(jìng)爭(zhēng)；競(jìng)賽238.competentadj.有實(shí)力的；能勝任的239.smashvt.粉碎；打爛240.distributevt.分發(fā)第九組第十組241.disturbvt.打攪；阻礙242.inferv.推論；推斷243.integratev.（使）成為一體;（使）合并244.moistadj.潮濕245.moisturen.潮濕246.promotevt.促進(jìn)；提升247.regionn.地區(qū)；范圍；幅度248.registerv./n.登記；注冊(cè)249.stableadj.穩(wěn)定的250.sophisticatedadj.老練的；困難的251.splendidadj.極好的；壯美的;輝煌的252.cancelvt.取消；廢除253.variableadj.易變的；可變的254.prospectn.前景；前途；景象255.prosperityn.興盛；旺盛256.aspectn.方面；朝向；面貌257.copevi.(with)（勝利地）應(yīng)付；處理258.coren.果心；核心259.maintainvt.維持；保持；堅(jiān)持；主見(jiàn)260.mainlandn.大陸261.disciplinen.紀(jì)律；懲處；學(xué)科262.domesticadj.本土的；國(guó)內(nèi)的；家用的263.constantadj.不變的n.常數(shù)264.cliffn.懸崖；峭壁265.authorityn.權(quán)威；當(dāng)局266.audioadj.聽(tīng)覺(jué)267.attituden.看法268.communityn.社區(qū)；社會(huì)269.commitvt.犯（錯(cuò)誤、罪行）;干（壞事）270.commentn./vt.評(píng)論271.distinguishvt.區(qū)分；辨別272.distressn.苦痛；哀痛vt.使苦痛273.facilityn.[pl.]設(shè)備；設(shè)施；便利274.facultyn.實(shí)力；系；全體教員275.mixturen.混合；混合物276.moodn.心情；心情；語(yǔ)氣277.moraladj.道德上的；有道德的278.prominentadj.突出的279.substancen.物質(zhì)；實(shí)質(zhì)280.substantialadj.堅(jiān)固的；實(shí)質(zhì)的281.promptvt.促使adj.靈敏的；剛好的282.passportn.護(hù)照283.waistn.腰,腰部284.weldv./n.焊接285.yawnvi.打哈欠286.yieldvi.(to)屈服于；讓出n.產(chǎn)量287.zonen.地區(qū)；區(qū)域288.strategyn.戰(zhàn)略；策略289.strategicadj.戰(zhàn)略（上）的；關(guān)鍵的290.tenseadj.驚慌的v.拉緊n.時(shí)態(tài)291.tensionn.驚慌（狀態(tài)）；張力292.avenuen.林蔭道；大街293.availableadj.現(xiàn)成可用的；可得到的294.comparableadj.(with,to)可比較的第十一組第十二組295.comparativeadj.比較的；相對(duì)的296.dashvi.猛沖；飛奔297.datan.數(shù)據(jù)；資料298.divevi.跳水；潛水299.diverseadj.不同的；多種多樣的300.entitlevt.給...權(quán)利；給...資格301.regulatevt.管理；調(diào)整302.releasevt./n.釋放；排放；說(shuō)明解脫303.exaggeratev.夸大；夸張304.eviladj.邪惡的；壞的305.shrinkvi.起皺；收縮；退縮306.subtractv.減（去）307.suburbn.市郊308.subwayn.地鐵309.surveyn./vt.調(diào)查；勘測(cè)310.wealthyadj.富有的311.adjustv.調(diào)整；調(diào)整312.attachvt.系,貼；使附屬313.profitn.利潤(rùn)；好處；v.有益于314.profitableadj.有利可圖的315.slopen.斜坡；斜面316.reinforcevt.增加；加強(qiáng)317.rejectvt.拒絕318.fataladj.致命的；重大的319.faten.命運(yùn)320.humbleadj.謙遜的；虛心的321.illegaladj.不合法的；非法的322.awardvt.授予；判給n.獎(jiǎng)品；獎(jiǎng)金323.awareadj.意識(shí)到324.columnn.柱,圓柱；欄；專欄325.comedyn.喜劇326.dumbadj.啞的；緘默的327.dumpvt.傾卸；傾倒328.deafadj.聾的；不愿聽(tīng)的329.decoratevt.裝飾；裝璜330.principaladj.最重要的n.校長(zhǎng)331.vocabularyn.詞匯（量）；詞匯表332.venturen.風(fēng)險(xiǎn)投資v.冒險(xiǎn)；取于333.versionn.版本；譯本；說(shuō)法334.principlen.原則；原理335.prioradj.優(yōu)先的；在前的336.priorityn.優(yōu)先；重點(diǎn)337.prohibitvt.禁止；不準(zhǔn)338.remarkableadj.值得留意的；非凡的339.remedyn./vt.補(bǔ)救；醫(yī)治；治療340.repetitionn.重復(fù)；反復(fù)341.vainadj.徒勞的；無(wú)效的342.undertakevt.擔(dān)當(dāng)；著手做；同意343.uniqueadj.唯一的；獨(dú)特的344.obstaclen.障礙（物）；阻礙345.oddadj.奇妙的；怪異的；奇數(shù)的346.omitvt.省略347.originn.起源；出身opponentn.敵手；對(duì)手349.ovaladj.橢圓形的n.橢圓形350.orchestran.管弦樂(lè)隊(duì)2024年高考英語(yǔ)【閱讀理解】題型強(qiáng)化訓(xùn)練二解析版跟蹤檢測(cè)·遷移應(yīng)用練模擬，練規(guī)范，夯基提能Test1Kettle’sYard,CambridgeThismodernartgalleryinaVictorianhousewasfoundedinthe1950sbyJimEdeandreopenedinFebruary,followingatwo-yearredevelopmentbyJamieFobertArchitects.Thismeansanewcafe,afour-flooreducationwingandimprovedgalleryspacethatcanaccommodatemorevisitors.Thegallery’spermanentcollectionincludesworksofJoanMiró，HenryMooreandBarbaraHepworth.BeingBrunel,BristolTocelebratethelifeandworkoffamouscivilengineerIsambardKingdomBrunel,BeingBrunelopenedinMarchonBristol’sharbourside.Themuseumincludedarangeofinteractiveandentertainingexhibits,includingtalkingportraitsofhisfriendsandfamilyandpersonalpossessions,includingan1821schoolreport.Itisagoodplaceforfamiliestostrengthenconnections.RoyalAcademyofArts,LondonTheRAreopenedon19Mayforits250thanniversary,followingarenovation(翻新)withagalleryandexpandedexhibitionprogramme.Thesewillincludethreegalleries,whichwillhostexhibitionswithafocusoncontemporaryartandarchitecture.Thegrandfacade(正面)oftheBurlingtonGardensbuildinghasalsobeenrestored—possiblythefirsttimeit’shadapropercleaninits150-yearhistory.V&A,DundeeOneofthemostsignificantnewopeningsoftheyearwillbeScotland’sfirstdesignedmuseum—andalsothefirstV&AanywhereoutsideofLondon—on15September.ThemuseumbuildingsitsontheRiverTay.ItwillcelebrateScottishdesignsandobjectsinitscollection.1．WhatdoweknowaboutBeingBrunel?A．Ithasalongschoolreport.B．Itincludesthreegalleries.C．Itisfamily-friendly.D．Itpossessespermanentcollections.2．ThepurposeoftheRAreopeningis________．A．toexpandtheexhibitionB．tomarkits250thanniversaryC．todisplaycontemporaryartD．topresentits150-yearhistory3．Whatisthepurposeofthepassage?A．ToattractmorevisitorstotheUK.B．Tocomparedifferenttouristattractions.C．Todescribesomefamousmuseumsandartists.D．Tointroduceopeningsofsomefamousartgalleriesandmuseums.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文介紹了四個(gè)藝術(shù)畫(huà)廊(博物館)的特點(diǎn)、展出的內(nèi)容等。1．C解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)BeingBrunel,Bristol中最終一句“Itisagoodplaceforfamiliestostrengthenconnections.”可知，BeingBrunel是一個(gè)家庭友好型博物館。故選C。2．B解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)RoyalAcademyofArts,London部分中的“TheRAreopenedon19Mayforits250thanniversary,followingarenovation(翻新)withagalleryandexpandedexhibitionprogramme.”可知，RA重新開(kāi)放的目的是紀(jì)念其成立250周年。故選B。3．D解析：主旨大意題。通讀全文可知，文章介紹了一些聞名的藝術(shù)博物館和畫(huà)廊的開(kāi)幕。故選D。Test2TheAmazonbasinregionishometoabout2.5millioninsectspecies,tensofthousandsofplants,andsome2，000birdsandmammals.Todate,atleast40，000plantspecies,3,000fish,1,294birds,427mammals,428amphibians,and378reptileshavebeenscientificallyclassifiedintheregion.OneinfiveofallthebirdsintheworldliveintheAmazonrainforest.Thewarmandwetforesthasbeeninexistenceforatleast55millionyears,andthrivedevenduringglacialperiods,allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies.Radiocarbondating(放射性碳定年法)hasrevealedtreesof10centimeterindiametertobemorethan300yearsold,andsometreesover1,000yearsold,indicatingthatuntouchedforestscanexperienceunbelievablelongevity.ThefirsthumaninhabitantsarethoughttohavesettledintheAmazonregionabout11,200yearsago.Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves,killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民).Bythelate17thcenturytheAmazonbasinwascontrolledbyPortugueseandSpanishexplorers.TheAmazonrainforestshasbeendescribedasthelungsofourplanetbecauseofitsimportantroleinrecyclingcarbondioxideintooxygen.Butduetodeforestation(濫伐森林),rain-forestsnowcoverlessthan5%oftheEarth’slandsurface,andexpertsbelievethatthisisabigcontributortoglobalclimatechange.Severedeforestationbeganinthe20thcentury,with587，000squarekilometerslostuptotheyear2000.Mostdeforestedlandisusedforgrasslandtoraisefarmanimalsandagriculture.Theadditionoftransportrouteshasledtoincreasedsettlementanddeforestation,andatthepresentrate,scientistsestimatethattheAmazonrainforestwillbereducedby40%intwodecades.1．WhyarethefiguresmentionedinParagraph1?A．Toprovetheforestuntouched.B．Toclassifyspeciesscientifically.C．Toshowthediversityofspecies.D．ToattractmoreattentiontotheAmazonregion.2．WhydidmostindigenousinhabitantsintheAmazonregiondie?A．Europeanexplorersbroughtdiseasesthere.B．Portugueseexplorerstreatedthembadly.C．Alotoftreeswerecutdownandburned.D．TheygotkilledbySpanishexplorers.3．WhatcanbeinferredabouttheAmazonrainforest?A．Ithasthelargestnumberofspecies.B．Itcoversover5%ofSouthAmerica.C．Itisbecominglargerinarea.D．Itisbeingendangerednow.4．Whatmaybeincludedinthefollowingparagraph?A．Examplesofdestroyingforests.B．Measurestoprotectrainforests.C．NewsettlementsintheAmazonregion.D．Waystostopglobalwarming.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講解并描述了亞馬遜熱帶雨林的歷史、豐富的物種以及現(xiàn)在所面臨的危急。1．C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容并結(jié)合其次段第一句中的“allowingfortheevolutionofanunbelievablediversityofspecies”可推知，那些關(guān)于動(dòng)植物種類的數(shù)字說(shuō)明白亞馬遜熱帶雨林的物種多樣性，故選C。2．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段其次句“Europeanexplorersarrivedinthe16thcentury,bringingdiseaseswhichtraveledfasterthantheexplorersthemselves,killingperhapsasmanyas90%oftheindigenousinhabitants(土著居民)．”可知，可能多達(dá)90%的亞馬遜土著居民因?yàn)闅W洲探險(xiǎn)者所帶來(lái)的疾病而死亡，故選A。3．D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段尾句中的“atthepresentrate...intwodecades”并結(jié)合最終一段的整體內(nèi)容可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林遭到破壞，而且將來(lái)20年可能會(huì)削減40%，故選D。4．B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段的關(guān)鍵詞“deforestation”可推知，亞馬遜熱帶雨林砍伐嚴(yán)峻，那么本文接下來(lái)自然就會(huì)論述這一問(wèn)題的解決措施，故選B。Test3Theworldcanbeascaryplacewhenyou’reyoung.Itcanbeevenscarierwhenyou’reayounglittlebluepenguin(企鵝),thetiniestofthepenguinspecies.Luckily,therearesomehumanswillingtohelp.TheysteppedintoprotectBilly,abluepenguinthatappearedonabeachinChristchurch,NewZealand.SpottedonNovember29attheslipwayatMoncksBay,nearSumner,inChristchurch,thelittlepenguinimmediatelyattractedasmallcrowd.JeffMeinSmithsawthecrowdwhilehewasbicyclingthatafternoon,andhebikedhometogethiscamera.Whenhereturnedtothescene,hefoundthatthepenguinhadreceivedalittlesign,onethatread“Hi,I’mwaitingformymumtocomeback.DOC(DepartmentofConservation)knowsI’mhere.Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway.Thanks,Billythebabybluepenguin.”Billydidn’tmoveawayfromthesign.TheDOCarrivedlaterthatafternoontopickupBilly,thoughtheyweresurprisedtoseeitonthebeach.“It’sunusualforabluepenguintobeoutintheopenonthebeachduringtheday，”AnitaSpencer,aDOCseniorranger,toldStuff.BillywastakentotheChristchurchPenguinRehabilitationCenterafterbeingretrievedfromthebeach.Volunteersbelievethebirdmayactuallybeafemalepenguin,andisaround2monthsold.Thechickweighsamere550grams,lessthanastandardbasketball.Abluepenguinshouldweigharound900gramsatthisage.Mostlittlepenguinsgrowuptoweigh1kilogram.Thecenterwillhelpthelittlepenguingainsomeweightbyfeedingitfishjuice,beforeit’ssetfreeintotheocean.1．Whycantheworldbefrighteningtoayoungpenguin?A．Itisararespecies.B．Itfacespotentialdanger.C．Itissurroundedbythecrowd.D．Itisthreatenedbydogs.2．ItcanbeinferredfromthetextthatBilly________．A．isafemalepenguinB．hasexpresseditsthanksC．weighslessforitsageD．preferslivingonthebeach3．Whichofthefollowingcanreplacetheunderlinedword“retrieved”inParagraph4?A．Ignored. B．Cured.C．Givenaway. D．Broughtback.4．WhatwillhappentoBillyinthecenter?A．ItwillbereportedtoStuff.B．Itwillbevisitedbythelocals.C．Itwillbetakengoodcareof.D．Itwillbefedwithfruitjuice.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文主要講解并描述了一只小藍(lán)企鵝在人們的幫助下最終得救的故事。1．B解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)其次段，尤其是倒數(shù)其次、三句“Pleaseleavemealone.Keepyourdogaway.”可知，當(dāng)時(shí)有人在那只小藍(lán)企鵝旁邊直立了一個(gè)牌子警示人們不要打攪它，不要讓狗靠近它。由此可推知，對(duì)于那只小藍(lán)企鵝來(lái)講，這個(gè)世界是可怕的，因?yàn)樗媾R著一些潛在的危急。故B項(xiàng)正確。2．C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Thechickweighsamere550grams,lessthanastandardbasketball.Abluepenguinshouldweigharound900gramsatthisage.”可知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝體重只有550克，而處于它這個(gè)年齡的小藍(lán)企鵝的體重應(yīng)達(dá)到900克左右。由此可推知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝的體重低于它這個(gè)年齡的小藍(lán)企鵝的體重。故C項(xiàng)正確。3．D解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)第四段第一句“BillywastakentotheChristchurchPenguinRehabilitationCenterafterbeingretrievedfromthebeach.”可知，這只小藍(lán)企鵝是從沙灘上被帶到克賴斯特徹奇的一個(gè)企鵝康復(fù)中心的。由此可推知，畫(huà)線詞與broughtback“帶回”意思相近。故D項(xiàng)正確。4．C解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)最終一段“Thecenterwillhelpthelittlepenguingainsomeweightbyfeedingitfishjuice,beforeit’ssetfreeintotheocean.”可知，在這只小藍(lán)企鵝被放回海洋之前，康復(fù)中心會(huì)幫助它增加一些體重。由此可推知，在那個(gè)企鵝康復(fù)中心里，這只小藍(lán)企鵝會(huì)得到很好的照看。故C項(xiàng)正確。Test4Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld’sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet’slargestmassofoceanplastic.Theexpertsbelievethemachineshouldbeabletocollecthalfofthedetritusinthepatch—about40，000metrictons—withinfiveyears.Inthepastfewweekstheyhavebeenbusyweldingtogethergianttubesthatwillsitonthesurfaceoftheseaandformtheskeletonofthemachine,creatingthelargestfloatingbarrierevermade.Thesystem,originallydreamtupbyMr.Slat,willbeshippedoutthissummertotheGreatPacificGarbagePatch,betweenHawaiiandCalifornia,whichcontainsestimated1.8trillionpiecesofplastic.Itwillbethefirsteverattempttotacklethepatchsinceitwasdiscoveredin1997.Mr.Slatwas16andstillatschoolwhenhewasdivinginGreeceandfirstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea.“Thereweremorebagsthanfishdownthere，”herecalls.Twoyearslaterhecameupwithasolution,quituniversityaftersixmonthsandsetupTheOceanCleanupasacompany.Mr.Slatsaysthefirstplastictoarriveonshorewillbeamajormilestone.“Weashumanitycreatedthisproblem,soIthinkit’salsoourresponsibilitytohelpsolveit，”hesays.TheGreatPacificGarbagePatch(GPGP)coversanareaof1.6millionsquarekilometersandcontainsatleast79，000tonsofplastic,researchfoundlastmonth.Mostofitismadeupof“ghostgear”—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.Ghostgearkillsmorethan100，000whales,dolphinsandsealseachyear,accordingtoscientificsurveys.Seabirdsandothermarinelifeareincreasinglybeingfounddeadwithstomachsfullofsmallpiecesofplastic.Creatureseatplasticdiscardedintheseathinkingit’sfoodbutthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.Othersaretrappedanddieofstarvationorarestrangledorsuffocatedbyghostgear.1．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“detritus”inthesecondparagraphprobablymean?A．Waste. B．Ocean.C．System. D．Machine.2．WhichonemakesupmostofthegarbageinPacificfromthepassage?A．Fishingvessels.B．Dolphinsandseals.C．Gianttubes.D．Abandonedfishinggear.3．WhydosomecreaturesinTheGreatPacificGarbagePatchdieofstarvation?A．Becausetheyarekilledbyghostgear.B．Becausetheyaresuffocatedbyghostgear.C．Becausetheydon’tlikeeatingplastic.D．Becausetheyarenotfeedingproperly.4．Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?A．Areportaboutthedeathofmarinelife.B．Newsaboutthefirstmachinetocleanupoceanplastic.C．Informationaboutoceanplastic.D．Thereasonforinventingamachine.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了世界首個(gè)海洋垃圾清掃機(jī)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)。1．A解析：詞義揣測(cè)題。依據(jù)其次段畫(huà)線詞前的“collecthalfof”和第四段第一句中的“firstsawforhimselftheamountofplasticpollutingthesea”和第五段最終一句中的“partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels”可推知，畫(huà)線詞的意思是“垃圾”。故選A。2．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第五段最終一句“Mostofitismadeupof‘ghostgear’—partsofabandonedandlostfishinggear,suchasnetsandropes—oftenfromillegalfishingvessels.”可知，太平洋里的大部分垃圾是由廢棄的釣魚(yú)用具組成的。3．D解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)最終一段倒數(shù)其次句中的“butthenstarvetodeathbecausetheyarenotfeedingproperly”可知，太平洋垃圾帶的一些生物死于饑餓是因?yàn)樗鼈儾荒苷５剡M(jìn)食。4．B解析：主旨大意題。本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，主要介紹了世界首個(gè)海洋垃圾清掃機(jī)的獨(dú)創(chuàng)。第一段“Scientistsarepreparingtolaunchtheworld’sfirstmachinetocleanuptheplanet’slargestmassofoceanplastic.”點(diǎn)明白文章的主題。故選B。Test5AtafarmoffNarrowLanenearLexington,Kentucky,U．S.,old-fashionedhouseslookoverthelittleredbarn(畜舍)．Thefarmismostlyemptynow.JimMahanandhisfamily,wholivedthereforgenerations,havemovedtoadifferentplotoflandinnorthernFayetteCounty.Aslandissold,housesgoupwherethereoncewerefields.Butduringthesummer,thebarnisfilledwithcitykidswhohavecometoenjoythefarm.They’remembersoftheFayetteCountyLivestock(FCL)Club,whichshowcasesskillsasvariedascuttingwool.Thebarniswheretheylookaftertheanimals.“AlotofLexingtonkidsdon’tknowanythingaboutfarmlife，”saidAdriaMeier,17,whohaslookedaftergoatsandsheepforthreeyears.“Thereissomuchtolearn.”Thedozenorsochildrenwhotakecareoftheirgoatsandsheepatthelittleredbarnmustdoasix-hourclassbeforetheygetananimal.Theypayfortheirownanimalsbutgetspecialclubprograms,suchasonethatprovidesvet(獸醫(yī))care.Mahanletsthegroupusethebarnforfree,andthekidsspenduptothreehoursadaythereduringthesummer.Butashislandgetssold,hedoesn’tknowwhethertheclubcancontinue.WhatmakestheFCLClubspecialisthatmostofthekidscan’tjustwalkouttheirdoorsandtakecareoftheiranimals.Mostaredriventothebarnbytheirmothers,whousuallyhangaroundandchatastheirkidsfeedandexercisetheanimals.Therearevaluablelessonslearnedalongtheway.Forinstance,don’tcutwooloffyourgoatwhenthereiswind,andsheeparesocialanimalsandwillcryloudlywhenseparated.“Tendingtoanimalshelpsteachusresponsibility.Unlikelearningtoshootanarrow,caringforananimalisn’tsomethingyoucansimplyabandon，”saidCarlyPlayforth,16,ofLexington.1．Whatistherequirementforkidsbeforetheygetanimals?A．Attendaclass.B．Paycertainmoney.C．Havevariedskills.D．Getspecialclubprograms.2．Whatdoweknowabouttheclub?A．Itoffersservicesunconditionally.B．Itpaysfortheiruseofthebarn.C．ItletsMotherscareforanimals.D．ItallowsMotherstopushkids.3．HowdoesCarlyPlayforthfeelabouttheexperience?A．Suspicious. B．Moved.C．Appreciative. D．Opposed.4．Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?A．Kids’lifeonasoldfarm.B．Valuablelessonslearnedonthefarm.C．AspecialclubintendedforLexingtonkids.D．Aclubactivityofcaringforfarmanimals.【解題導(dǎo)語(yǔ)】本文是一篇記敘文，主要講解并描述了一群城里的孩子來(lái)到鄉(xiāng)間農(nóng)場(chǎng)體驗(yàn)不同的生活，照看農(nóng)場(chǎng)動(dòng)物的故事。1．A解析：細(xì)微環(huán)節(jié)理解題。依據(jù)第三段中的“mustdoasix-hourclassbeforetheygetananimal”可知，得到動(dòng)物之前，孩子們必需上一節(jié)六小時(shí)的課程，這個(gè)課程可能是培訓(xùn)孩子們?nèi)绾握湛磩?dòng)物的。2．D解析：推理推斷題。依據(jù)第四段中的“Mostaredriventothebarnbytheirmothers”可推知，該俱樂(lè)部讓孩子的媽媽督促孩子參加農(nóng)場(chǎng)活動(dòng)，故選D項(xiàng)。3．C解析：觀點(diǎn)看法題。最終一段首句是段落主旨句，作者引用CarlyPlayforth的話是為了進(jìn)一步說(shuō)明因照看動(dòng)物而教會(huì)孩子們的寶貴東西，比如責(zé)任。由此可知，CarlyPlayforth對(duì)這種經(jīng)驗(yàn)是贊許的(appreciative)。4．D解析：主旨大意題。依據(jù)文章內(nèi)容可知，本文重點(diǎn)介紹的是FCL俱樂(lè)部借助一個(gè)農(nóng)場(chǎng)舉辦的活動(dòng)——讓孩子們親自照看動(dòng)物，在這一過(guò)程中，孩子們獲益匪淺。故D項(xiàng)概括最為全面。Test6Thereareonlyafewtrulypleasantsmellstowakeuptointhemorning.Forme,it’sthesmelloffreshlybrewedcoffee.Justasniffofitmakesmejumpoutofbedandrushtothekitchenforagulpofthehotblackliquid.Ifyou’reabigfanofcoffee,you’llunderstandthatopeninganewpacketofcoffeereleasesanamazingsmell—fresh,roastedcoffeebeans.Andyou’llbeabletoidentifythebeans’origin—Colombia,VietnamorBrazil.TimHaywardisafoodwriterandcoffeeshopowner;hebelievesthesmellisabsolutelyvital.“Whenyouwalkintot