第三講 冠詞 2021年中考英語復(fù)習(xí)寒假講義（基礎(chǔ)版）

第三節(jié)：冠詞

專題概述：

不定冠詞、定冠詞、零冠詞及冠詞的活用，難度適中，題型主要是完形填空、綜合填空以及短文改錯(cuò)題。

掌握定冠詞、不定冠詞和零冠詞的使用規(guī)則和常見的習(xí)慣用法以及與冠詞有關(guān)的習(xí)語和固定句型。

語法考點(diǎn)：

1.冠詞的基本用法：泛指、特指、類指和專指

2.冠詞的習(xí)慣用法：定冠詞/不定冠詞/零冠詞的習(xí)慣用法

3.冠詞的活用：形容詞比較級(jí)、最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞等前的冠詞活用

冠詞(Article)

冠詞是用在名詞前面起輔助作用的詞。主要有不定冠詞a,an和定冠詞the

r-用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物，是泛樸

<一用在單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或物中的任意一個(gè)。

不定冠詞a/an：-表示數(shù)量但數(shù)的概念沒有。ne強(qiáng)烈，a還可以用于hundred,

X.

thousand,million等詞前，相當(dāng)于one,意為“一"。

一用于某些固定結(jié)構(gòu)中

①泛指：指首次提到的、不限定的人或物。

②類指：指具有共同性質(zhì)或典型特征的事物的一個(gè)類別。

③特指：指前面已經(jīng)提到的人或物，或是指被限定性修飾語在其后加以限

制的人或物，也可以指說話雙方心中所默認(rèn)的、特定的人或物。

④專指是指類別中的一員或一部分具體物。

注意：a/an必須用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前。

①單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前用a還是an,不取決于字母而取決于音素

定冠詞the的用法：

①用于單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞前表示一類人或事物。

②用于雙方都知道的人或物前。

③特指的或上文已提到的人或物。

④用于宇宙中獨(dú)一無二的事物的名稱前。

⑤用于形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞前。

⑥用于江河海湖等地理專有名詞及普通名詞構(gòu)成的專有名詞前。

⑦用于姓氏復(fù)數(shù)形式前，表示全家人或這一姓氏的夫妻二人。

⑧用于形容詞前，表示一類人或事物。

⑨用于表示樂器的名詞前。

⑩用于某些固定的短語中。

易錯(cuò)警示：

anumberof與thenumberof的區(qū)別：

①anumberof意為“許多”，是個(gè)固定搭配，修飾可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)。

零冠詞：

不用冠詞的情況又叫零冠詞

名詞前不使用冠詞的情況:名詞之前代詞限，復(fù)數(shù)名詞表泛指，球類學(xué)科和三餐，專有名詞不可數(shù)，星期月

份季節(jié)前，交通手段和節(jié)日，習(xí)語稱謂和頭銜。

注意：有the無the,意思千差萬別

atschool在上學(xué)attheschool在學(xué)校里

attable在吃飯atthetable在桌子旁

inbed（睡、病、躺）在床上inthebed在床上

inhospital住院inthehospital在醫(yī)院里

bysea乘船bythesea在海濱

冠詞的固定搭配：

與不定冠詞搭配的固定短語

alotof許多havearest休息gooutforawalk出去散步

alittle一點(diǎn)兒haveatalk談話takeaseat坐下

afew一些，幾個(gè)haveacold感冒haveagoodtime玩得高興

takeamessagefor為捎口haveafever發(fā)燒inaword總之

onceuponatime從前haveaheadache頭痛amomentago片亥U之前

afterawhile一會(huì)兒后makeamistake犯錯(cuò)誤inahurry匆忙

asaresult結(jié)果makealiving謀生dosbafavor幫助某人

與定冠詞the搭配的固定短語

allthetime一直bytheway順便說withthehelpof在...幫助下

alltheyeararound一年至U頭attheendof在…結(jié)束時(shí)thedaybeforeyesterday前天

atthesametime同時(shí)inthedaytime在臼天intheend最后

attheageof在...歲時(shí)atthefootof在腳下ontheothersideof…在…的另一

邊

atthemoment止匕亥ijinthemiddleof在...中間

inthemorning/afternoon/evening

在…開始時(shí)在過去

atthebeginningofinthepast在早/晚上/下午

第三講課堂練習(xí)

A選擇填空:

l.Heorderedawashingmachinebyphonetwodaysago,and_machinehasarrived.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

2.Mypenpalenjoyswatchingfootballmatches,buthedoesn'tlikeplaying_football.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

3.Wouldyoulike_applejuice?

A,anB,anyC,aD,,some

4.youngmanbesidemeis___universitystudent.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

5.1liketoread_book.It\betterthanreadingontheInternet.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

6.Hisfatheris_engineer.Healwayswears___uniformatwork.

A,a,aB,a,anC,an,aD,an,an

7.Justwaitfor_whileandthenrilhelpyou.

A,aB,theC,anD,/

8.1have_informationaboutthe2008BeijingOlympicGames.

A,a.B,anC,apieceofD,alot

9.Janewantstogoto_collegewhenshefinishessecondaryschool.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

10.___Johnsonsadopted（收養(yǎng)）___homelessboyoutofcharitytenyearsago.

A,/,aB,/,anC,The,aD,The,an

11.___girlwithatoyinherhandismylittlesister.

A,AB,AnC,TheD,/

12.Lastweek,Iwrote_articleonourSchoolFoodFestivaltoShanghaiStudents'Post.

A,theB,anC,aD,/

13._teachersaidthatJackwas___newstudentandhewas___honest.

A,The,a,/B,A,the,aC,A,a,anD,The,a,an

14.Pleasegeteverythingready.Ourmeetingwillbegininhalf_hour.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

15.It'sabouthalf___hour'swalkfromhereto___nearestundergroundstation.

A,a,theB,an,theC,/,theD,the,a

16.A:Whatareyougoingtobewhenyougrowup?

B:Ihopetobe___animaldoctorwhenIgrowup.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

17.TheBrownshave__8-year-oldgirl.SheislearningEnglishthesedays.

A,theB,aC,anD,/

18.Myyoungersisterissick.Shehasbeeninhospitalforthreedays.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

B選擇填空：

1.GreatWallislongestwallintheworld.

A,The,theB,A,aC,A,theD,The,a

2.Who*swomanoverthere?

A,/B,theC,aD,an

3.Shanghaiisin____eastofChina.

A,/B,anC,aD,the

4.1canseealittlewhitesheepinthefield.sheepisNancy's.

A,AB,TheC,AnD,/

5.oldladyinbrownisuniversityprofessor.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

6.Didyouenterforhighjumpor400-meterrace.

A,a,aB,a,theC,the,aD,the,the

7.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.

A,the,theB,/,/C,/,theD,the,/

8.ThescientistsfromUnitedStatesliveinninthStreet.

A,the,theB,/,theC,/,/D,the,/

9.Canyousee__one-eyedcowin____field?

A,an,theB,a,theC,/,theD,a,a

lO.Therewillbeinterviewbetweenthemanagerandhisassistantsthisafternoon.

A,anB,aC,theD,/

1l.A：Whichgirlsisyourdaughter,Mr.White?B：Oh,look,thatlittleoneinred.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

12.Englishisusefullanguage.ItisspokenbymanypeopleinChina.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

13.Aliceishonest.Shenevertellslies.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

14.LittleTonyis__honestboy.Henevertellslies.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

15.Tinahas__one-month-oldbaby.Shelovesitsomuch.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

16.Theyaretwinbrotherswithdifferenthobbies.TimlikesplayingfootballbutTomenjoysplaying

piano.

A,/,/B,/,theC,the,/D,the,the

17.Mr.BIackwantshisstudentstobehonest.

A,theB,aC,anD,/

18.oldladyinbrownisuniversityprofessor.

A,An,aB,An,/C,The,anD,The,a

19.Pleasestayfordinner.Itwillbereadyinhalf__hour..

A,aB,anC,theD,/

2O.Janet,eighteen-year-oldgirl,gotfirstoftheEnglishreadingcontest.

A,an,aB,a,theC,an,theD,the,the

C選擇填空：

l.John,youforgottoadd"s"totheword“book"here.Becarefulnexttime,please!

A,theB,aC,anD,/

2.Shegot"A"ingeographytest.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

3.My.grandpausedtohave____walkinthegardenafter____supper.

A,a,/B,/,/C,/,aD,a,a

4.It'spleasureformetobeinvitedtoplaypianoattheconcert.

A,the,aB,a,theC,a,aD,a,/

5.What__beautifulmusic!I'vebeenlisteningforhalfhour.

A,a,anB,a,aC,/,anD,/,a

6.__Beijing,anoldmoderncity,isdevelopingrapidly,Wearegoing,tovisititthirdtime.

A,The,theB,/,aC,/,theD,The,a

7.__orangeonthedeskisfbryou,Mike.

A,AB,AnC,/D,The

8.AmawasgoodatChinesepainting,butsheisEuropeanartist.

A,/B,aC,anD,the

9.Myunclewasknockedbyamotorcycleyesterday.Nowheisinhospital.

A,aB,anC,/D,the

lO.TveneverseenaUFOsofar.Canyoutellmewhat__UFOlookslike?

A,aB,anC,theD,/

11.ManypeoplegotochurchonSunday,butothersdon't.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

12.ThelecturecamefromuniversityofEuropeancountry.

A,a,aB,an,anC,a,anD,the,/

13.postman__newspapersandlettersfromdoortodooreveryday.

A,The,deliverB,A,deliversC,/,giveD,/,gives

14.A:What'sbehindirondoor?Ican*topenit.

B:Letmesee.There'sachair.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

15.Howdoyoupronounce__"u"intheword“business”?

A,/B,aC,anD,the

16.Thatwas____unusualdayforPeter.Hegot"A"inthephysicstest.

A,a,theB,an,anC,a,anD,an,a

17.OurEnglishteacheraskedustowrite80-wordshortpassageyesterday.

A,aB,anC,theD,/

18.manneardoorisTom'sfather.

A,The,/,/B,A,the,/C,The,a,/D,The,the,/

19.What__usefullanguageitis!

A,aB,anC,/D,the

2O.Asaboy,Johncanplay__footballverywell,buthecan*tplaypiano.

A,the,/B,/,theC,/,/D,ihe,由e

D選擇填空：

1.1readstory.Itisinterestingstory.

A.a,anB.a,aC.the,theD./,an

2.Britainis_EuropeancountryandChinais_Asiancountry.

A.an,anB.a,aC.a,anD.an,a

3.Chinaisoldcountrywithlonghistory.

A.The,an,aB.The,a,aC./,an,theD./,an,a

4.elephantisbiggerthanhorse.

A./,/B.an,aC.An,aD./,the

5.Wealwayshavericeforlunch.

A./,/B,the,/C./,aD.the,the

6.Ittookmehourandhalftofinishwork.

A.a,a,aB.an,a,aC,an,a,theD.an,a,/

7._doctortoldmetotake_medicinethreetimes_day,stayin_bed,thenIwouldbebettersoon.

A./,a,a,theB.A,the,the,/C.The,the,a,/D.A,/,a,/

8.Thereis__pictureon____wall.Ilike____pictureverymuch.

A.a,the,theB.a,the,aC.the,ai,aD.a,an,the

9.Januaryis______firstmonthoftheyear.

A.aB./C.anD.the

10.Shut_____door,please.

A.aB.anC.theD./

11.EinsteinwonNobelPrizeinPhysicsin1921.

A.aB.anC.theD./

12.What__finedayitistoday!Let'sgototheSummerPalace.

A.aB.anC.theD./

13.1likemusic,butIdon'tlikemusicofthatTVplay.

A.aB.anC.theD./

14.girloverthereisEnglishteacher.

A.The,anB.A,/C.The,/D.A,a

15.IfsexcitingwaytoshopontheNet.

A.aB.anC.theD./

16.Shewas___founderof___orderofnunscalledtheMissionariesofCharity.

A.a,anB.a,/C.the,/D.the,an

17.Xi'anis___oldcitywith___longhistory,isn'tit?

A.a,anB.an,aC.the,theD.the,a

18.Nancy'ssisterisEnglishteacher,isn'tshe?

A.aB.anC.theD./

19.Chaffsisboy,buthecanplaytheguitarverywell.

A.aneight-yearsoldB.aeight-year-oldC.aeight-years-oldD.aneight-year-old

20.Weoftenhavesportsafterclass,andIliketoplaybasketball.

A.aB.anC.theD./

21.Morecollegegraduateswouldliketoworkinwestpartofourcountrynextyear.

A.the,theB./,/C./,theD.the,/

22.Weworkfivedaysweek.

A.aB.anC.theD./

23.-Inwhichclassisboyinwhite?-He*sinclass4.

A.theB.aC.anD./

24.-Wheredoyouusuallyhavelunch?-Athome.

A.aB.anC.theD./

25.Hehithissisterinface.

A.theB.herC.xD.his

26.-Haveyouseenbook?Ileftitherethismorning.-IsitChinesebook?Isawit.

A.a,theB.the,theC.the,aD.a,a

27.There's"u"and"s"inword"use”.

A.an,a,theB.a,an,xC.a,a,aD.a,an,the

28.-Didyouseemygrandmother?

-Oh,Isawoldwomansittingonachairbythelake.Maybesheis.

A.aB.anC.theD.x

29.-Doyouseemanwithdog?-Oh,Yes,dogisyellow.

A.the,a,TheB.a,a,theC.a,a,AD.a,the,A

30.Whoisbetter,LiPingorWangDong?

A.theB.aC.anD.x

第三講課后練習(xí)

()1.-Whoisboyplayingsocceroventhere?—Heismyclassmate,LiPing-

A.aB.不填C.theD.an

()2.Thereisoldpianoincomerofthelivingroom.

A.an;theB.an;不填C.a;theD.a;a

()3.1believethatappleadaykeepsthedoctoraway.

A.aB.ajiC.theD./

()4.Everymorninghespendshourdoingexercise,thenhegoestowork.

A.an;/B.a;aC.a;/D.the;/

()5.—Whatusefulbookitis!—Yeah,ittellsyouhowtoplaytheguitar.

A.anB.aC.theD./

()6.Mayisfifthmonthoftheyear.lt?sverypleasantmonth.

A.the;theB.the;aC.a;aD.the;/

()7.——Willyougoto_school-leavers*partytomorrow?——Certainly.Fmgoingwithmyparents.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()8.1enjoyhavingbreakfastwithmyfamilyathome.ltmakesmefeelrelaxed.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()9.—Howlongdoesittakeustogotoyourhometownfromhere?

—Ittakesushourtogotomyhometownbytrain.

A.an;aB.an;/C.an;theC.a;the

()10.Don*ttellalie.Youarehonestboy.

A.aB.anC.theD./

()11.—Howoftendoyouplaytennis?

—Twiceweek.AndIofte