考研類歷年真題答案-2020年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（英語一）試題

2020年全國碩士研究生入學(xué)統(tǒng)一考試（英語一）試題答案解析

SectionIUseofEnglish

Directions:

Readthefollowingtext.Choosethebestword(s)foreachnumberedblankandmarkA,B,CorDon

ANSWERSHEET.(10points)

Eveniffamiliesdon'tsitdowntoeattogetherasfrequentlyasbefore,millionsofBritonswillnonetheless

havegotasharethisweekendofoneofthatnation?sgreattraditions:theSundayroast._1_acoldwinterJ

sday,fewculinarypleasurescan_2_it.Yetaswereportnow,thefoodpolicearedeterminedthatthis_3_

shouldberenderedyetanotherguiltypleasure_4_todamageourhealth.

TheFoodStandardsAuthority(FSA)has_5_apublicwarningabouttherisksofacompound

calledacrylamidethatformsinsomefoodscooked_6_hightemperatures.Thismeansthatpeople

should_7_crispingtheirroastpotatoes,spurnthin-crustpizzasandonly_8_toasttheirbread.Butwhere

istheevidencetosupportsuchalarmistadvice?_9_studieshaveshownthatacrylamidecancause

neurologicaldamageinmice,thereisno_10_evidencethatitcausescancerinhumans.

Scientistssaythecompoundis"_11_tocausecancer”buthavenohardscientificproof._12_

theprecautionaryprinciple,itcouldbearguedthatitis_13_tofollowtheFSAadvice._14_itwas

rumouredthatsmokingcausedcancerforyearsbeforetheevidencewasfoundtoprovea_15_.

Doubtlessapieceofboiledbeefcanalwaysbe_16_uponSundayalongsidesome

steamedvegetables,withouttheYorkshirepuddingandnowine.Butwouldlifebeworthliving?_17_,the

FSAsaysitisnottellingpeopletocutoutroastfoods_18_,buttoreducetheirlifetimeintake.

However,their__19_riskscomingacrossasbeingpushyandoverprotective.Constanthealthscares

just_20_withnoonelistening.

第1題

l.[A]in[B]towards[C]on[D]till

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】介詞用法

【解析】本題是一道簡單的介詞搭配題。文中acoldwinter'sday（一個(gè)寒冷的冬日），表達(dá)的是具

體的某一天，應(yīng)該用介詞on。其他選項(xiàng)詞都不用于修飾時(shí)間。故本題答案為A。

第2題

2.[A]match[B]express[C]satisfy[D]influence

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】句意判斷

【解析】本題是一道句意判斷和詞意辨析題。fewculinarypleasurecanmatchit,這里的it指的是上句

中的Sundayroast,整句表達(dá)的意思是沒有什么烹飪樂趣能與之相比。其他選項(xiàng)均不符合文意。故本

題選B。

第3題

3.[A]patience[B]enjoyment[C]surprise[D]concern

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】賓語從句+名詞辨析

【解析】根據(jù)前后句意可以判斷出本題指代的是這種烹飪給人的感受，通過上下句重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的pleasure

一詞，發(fā)現(xiàn)B選項(xiàng)enjoyment與之意思最為接近，都是表達(dá)的是快樂情緒。故B為正確答案。

第4題

4.[A]intensified[B]privileged[C]compelled[D]guaranteed

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】不定式+形容詞辨析

【解析】本題考查句意和不定式用法。本句意思是食品安全部門決定把這種飲食認(rèn)定為一定會(huì)對我們

的健康產(chǎn)生危害，guaranteed表示確信，一定會(huì)發(fā)生。其他選項(xiàng)詞意均不符合句意。故本題的正確答

案是B。

第5題

5.[A]issued[B]received[C]ignored[D]canceled

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+動(dòng)詞辨析

【解析】該句的意思是FSA對這種物質(zhì)的危害向公眾發(fā)布了警告。故正確答案為C。

第6題

6.[A]under[B]at[C]for[D]by

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】句間邏輯關(guān)系+固定結(jié)構(gòu)

【解析】本題依然考查的是介詞用法和搭配。該句意思是這種物質(zhì)形成于一些用高溫烹飪的食物中。

Athightemperatures表示以很高的溫度，類似的搭配還有athighspeed,athighrate等。所以本題的正

確答案為Bo

第7題

7.[A]forget[B]regret[C]finish[D]avoid

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接

【解析】本題考查上下文分析。上句表達(dá)了這種有害物質(zhì)存在于高溫食物中，所以本句說這就意味著

人們應(yīng)該避免去吃那些烤制的食物，比如土豆，披薩等。故D為正確答案。

第8題

8.[A]partially[B]regularly[C]easily[D]initially

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】句子成分+副詞辨析

【解析】分析上句可知高溫烤制的食物會(huì)產(chǎn)生對健康有害的物質(zhì)，所以只能對面包進(jìn)行一定程度的烤

制，這樣才能避免健康危害。故本題選A。

第9題

9.[A]unless[B]since[C]if[D]while

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+連詞辨析

【解析】根據(jù)句意分析，可以看出前后句的邏輯關(guān)系為轉(zhuǎn)折，意思為盡管研究顯示這種物質(zhì)能夠?qū)?/p>

鼠造成神經(jīng)損傷，但是并沒有證據(jù)證明它會(huì)在人類身上產(chǎn)生癌癥。故本題的正確選項(xiàng)是D。

第10題

10.[A]secondary[B]external[C]conclusive[D]negative

[參考答案]c

[答案解析]

【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+形容詞辨析

【解析】本題考查詞意辨析。C項(xiàng)conclusive是conclude（動(dòng)詞）和conclusion（名詞）的形容詞形

式，表示確定的，決定性的。根據(jù)上一題，本句的意思并沒有確鑿的證據(jù)證明這種物質(zhì)會(huì)致癌。故本

題的正確答案是C。

第11題

11.[A]insufficient[B]bound[C]likely[D]slow

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】詞意辨析

【解析】根據(jù)連詞but可以判斷出本句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，句意為科學(xué)家說這種物質(zhì)可能會(huì)致癌，但是沒有

實(shí)質(zhì)的科學(xué)證據(jù)。只有C選項(xiàng)意思表達(dá)準(zhǔn)確。

第12題

12.fA]onthebasisof[B]atthecostof[C]inadditiontofD]incontrast

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+固定搭配

【解析】本題考查短語搭配和邏輯推斷。該句中的theprecautionaryprinciple指的是上一句中科學(xué)家

的觀點(diǎn)，所以判斷句意為在此基礎(chǔ)上，A項(xiàng)onthebasisof符合文意。

第13題

13.[A]interesting[B]advisable[C]urgent[D]fortunate

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+形容詞辨析

【解析】本句考查對上下文的理解，句中FSAadvice指的是前文提到不要吃高溫烘烤的食物，在根

據(jù)上句中的科學(xué)論斷，所以可以推斷遵守這種建議是明智的，只有B選項(xiàng)符合句意。

第14題

14.[A]asusual[B]inparticular[C]bydefinition[D]afterall

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+介詞短語

【解析】本題考查的是邏輯推斷。作者試圖用抽煙的例子解釋上文的內(nèi)容，雖然證據(jù)不足，也應(yīng)該聽

從建議。本句句意為畢竟抽煙致癌在被證明在之前也是相似的情況（從傳言到被證實(shí)）?？陧?xiàng)2徐「對

符合邏輯。

第15題

15.[A]resemblance[B]combination[C]connection[D]pattem

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】上下文銜接+名詞辨析

【解析】本題考查詞意的辨析。該句句意為抽煙致癌的說法過了很多年，它們之間有直接關(guān)系的證據(jù)

才被發(fā)現(xiàn)。故正確答案為B選項(xiàng)。

第16題

16.[A]made[B]served[C]saved[D]used

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】被動(dòng)語態(tài)+動(dòng)詞搭配

【解析】本句中出現(xiàn)了幾種不同的食物，根據(jù)句意可以判斷出它們可以在周日替代烤肉被端上餐桌，

故B為正確選項(xiàng)。

第17題

17.rA]tobefairfB]forinstance[C]tobebrief[D]ingeneral

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

【答案】A【考點(diǎn)】上下文邏輯銜接+固定短語

【解析】根據(jù)but判斷前后句為轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系，本句句意為FSA說他們并不是告訴人們停止吃烤制的食

物，A選項(xiàng)tobefair最符合邏輯關(guān)系。

第18題

18.[A]reluctantly[B]entirely[C]gradually[D]carefiilly

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

【答案】B【考點(diǎn)】副詞辨析

【解析】根據(jù)前后句，可以判斷本題與reduce相對，意思為并不是完全不吃烤制食物，而是減少整

體攝入量。也就是B選項(xiàng)。

第19題

19.[A]promise[B]experience[C]campaign[D]competition

[參考答案]C

[答案解析]

【答案】C【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+詞意辨析

【解析】根據(jù)上下文判斷出本題指代的是前面提及的食品安全部門和科學(xué)家發(fā)起的行動(dòng)，也就是警示

人們少吃烘烤食物，故答案為C.

第20題

20.[A]followup[B]pickup[C]openup[D]endup

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

【答案】D【考點(diǎn)】上下文語義銜接+動(dòng)詞搭配

【解析】在本文中，constanthealthscare表示的是現(xiàn)象，noonelistening是事情的結(jié)果，根據(jù)邏輯關(guān)

系，本題的正確答案為D,頻繁的健康恐慌的最終結(jié)果就是沒有人再認(rèn)真對待。

SectionIIReadingComprehension

PartA

Directions:

Readthefollowingfourtexts.AnswerthequestionsbeloweachtextbychoosingA,B,CorD.Markyour

answersonANSWERSHEET.(40points)

Text1

AgroupofLabourMPs,amongthemYvetteCooper,arebringinginthenewyearwithacalltoinstitutea

UK“townofculture“award.Theproposalisthatitshouldsitalongsidetheexistingcityofculturetitle,

whichwasheldbyHullin2017,andhasbeenawardedtoCoventryfor2021.Cooperandhercolleagues

arguethatthesuccessofthecrownforHull,whereitbroughtin￡220mofinvestmentandanavalancheof

arts,oughtnottobeconfinedtocities.Britain'stowns,itistrue,arenotpreventedfromapplying,butthey

generallylacktheresourcestoputtogetherabidtobeattheirbiggercompetitions.Atownofcultureaward

could,itisargued,becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.

SomemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefactthatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthe

muchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,asought-afterawardbaggedbyGlasgowin1990

andLiverpoolin2008.AcynicmightspeculatethattheUKisonthevergeofdisappearingintoanendless

feverofself-celebrationinitsdesperationtoreinventitselfforthepost-Brexitworld:aftertownofculture,

whoknowswhatwillfollow-villageofculture?Suburbofculture?Hamletofculture?

Itisalsowisetorecallthatsuchtitlesarenotacure-all.Abadlyrun“yearofculturewashesinandoutof

aplacelikethetide,bringingprominencefbraspellbutleavingnolastingbenefitstothecommunity.The

reallysuccessfulholdersofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfillhotelbedroomsandbring

inhigh-profileartseventsandgoodpressforayear.Theytransformtheaspirationsofthepeoplewholive

there;theynudgetheself-imageofthecityintoabolderandmoreoptimisticlight.Itishardtogetright,and

requiresaremarkabledegreeofvision,aswellascooperationbetweencityauthorities,theprivatesector,

communitygroupsandculturalorganizations.Butitcanbedone:GlasgowJsyearasEuropeancapitalof

culturecancertainlybeseenasoneofcomplexseriesoffactorsthathaveturnedthecityintothe

powerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.

A“townofculture“couldbenotjustabouttheartsbutabouthonouringatown'speculiarity-helping

sustainitshighstreet,supportinglocalfacilitiesandaboveallcelebratingitspeopleandturnitintoaction.

第21題

21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture^^awardcould.

[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.

[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.

[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritaintowns.

[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.

[參考答案]c

[答案解析]

21.Cooperandhercolleaguesarguethata“townofculture21.Cooper和她的同事提出“文化之鄉(xiāng)”

awardcould____.獎(jiǎng)能夠____

[A]consolidatethetown-citytiesinBritain.［A］鞏固英國鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)和城市之間的聯(lián)系

[B]promotecooperationamongBritain'stowns.［B］促進(jìn)英國城鎮(zhèn)之間的合作

[C]increasetheeconomicstrengthofBritaintowns.［C］提升英國城鎮(zhèn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力

[D]focusBritain'slimitedresourcesonculturalevents.［D］將英國有限的資源集中到文化活動(dòng)中

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的人名定位到首段第三句到最后一句，"Cooperandhercolleaguearguethat......A

townofcultureawardcould..…becomeanannualevent,attractingfundingandcreatingjobs.”即文化城鎮(zhèn)

獎(jiǎng)能夠成為一個(gè)年度活動(dòng)，吸引投資和創(chuàng)造就業(yè)。對應(yīng)了C選項(xiàng)中的經(jīng)濟(jì)實(shí)力的提升。而A、B、D

選項(xiàng)文中都沒有提到，故答案為C.

第22題

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegardedbysomeas.

[A]asensiblecompromise.

[B]aself-deceivingattempt.

[C]aneye-catchingbonus.

[D]aninaccessibletarget.

［參考答案］B

［答案解析］

22.AccordingtoParagraph2,theproposalmightberegarded22.根據(jù)第二段，這個(gè)提議可能會(huì)被一些人

bysomeas___認(rèn)為是。

fA]asensiblecompromise［A］理智的妥協(xié)

[B]aself-deceivingattempt［B］自欺欺人的嘗試

[C]aneye-catchingbonus［C］引人注目的獎(jiǎng)勵(lì)

[DJaninaccessibletarget［D］難以達(dá)成的目標(biāo)

【答案】B

[解析]根據(jù)題干要求定位到第二段第一句，“Somemightseetheproposalasaboobyprizeforthefact

thatBritainisnolongerbeabletoapplyforthemuchmoreprestigioustitleofEuropeancapitalofculture,a

sought-afterawardbagged.......feverofself-celebration......”有人可能會(huì)把這個(gè)提案看成是一個(gè)安慰獎(jiǎng)，

因?yàn)橛呀?jīng)不再能夠申請更具威望的歐洲文化之都的稱號(hào)……自我慶祝的狂熱……。可以看出英國文

化地位的下降，導(dǎo)致人民對這個(gè)提案的懷疑態(tài)度。C選項(xiàng)中的self-deceiving對應(yīng)了文中的Boobyprize

和self-celebration,屬于近義詞辨析。

第23題

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonlyifit.

[A]endeavourstomaintainitsimage.

[B]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople.

[C]bringsitslocalartstoprominence.

fD]commitstoitslong-termgrowth.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

23.Theauthorsuggeststhatatitleholderissuccessfulonly23.作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)頭銜持有者只有一才是成

ifit____功的。

fA]endeavourstomaintainitsimage［A］努力維護(hù)它的形象

fB]meetstheaspirationsofitspeople［B］滿足人們的期望

[C]bringsislocalartstoprominencefC］推廣當(dāng)?shù)匚幕?/p>

[DJcommitstoitslong-termgrowth［D］致力于長期發(fā)展

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題干中的titleholder和successful定位到第三段的第三句："Thereallysuccessfulholders

ofsuchtitlesarethosethatdoagreatdealmorethanfill.....andmoreoptimisticlight.”真正的成功是做——

筆好生意，而不是填滿酒店房間或者高調(diào)舉辦文化和媒體活動(dòng)。把當(dāng)?shù)厝说钠谕D(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楝F(xiàn)實(shí)，將城市

形象推向更大膽，更樂觀的狀態(tài)。整句表達(dá)都是要著眼長遠(yuǎn)發(fā)展，而不是一時(shí)的風(fēng)光。故答案為D。

第24題

24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent.

[A]acontrastingcase.

[B]asupportingexample.

[C]abackgroundstory.

[D]arelatedtopic.

[參考答案]B

[答案解析]

24.GlasgowismentionedinParagraph3topresent____24.第三段提及格拉斯哥是為了展現(xiàn)一

fA]acontrastingcase[A]對比案例

fB]asupportingexample[B]支撐示例

[C]abackgroundstoryrci背景故事

fD]arelatedtopic[D]相關(guān)話題

【答案】B

【解析】根據(jù)題干定地名定位到第三段最后一句：uGlasgow?syearasEuropeancapitalofculturecan

certainlybeseenas.......thepowerhouseofart,musicandtheatrethatitremainstoday.v格拉斯哥作為歐洲

文化之都，其中一系列復(fù)雜的因素把它變成了一個(gè)藝術(shù)、音樂和戲劇的重要城市，并一直延續(xù)至今。

這些描述準(zhǔn)確的呼應(yīng)了前面對成功城市的定義，故答案為Bo

第25題

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?

[A]skeptical

[B]objective

[C]favourable

[D]critical

[參考答案]c

［答案解析］

25.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardstheproposal?25.作者對這個(gè)建議的態(tài)度是怎樣的？

fA]skeptical［A］懷疑的

[B]objective［B］客觀的

[C]favourable［C］支持的

fD]critical［D］批評的

【答案】C

【解析】根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容，“一個(gè)文化之鄉(xiāng)不僅與藝術(shù)有關(guān)，而且要尊重一個(gè)城市的特質(zhì)，包括

維護(hù)它的主要街道，支持當(dāng)?shù)鼗A(chǔ)設(shè)施，最重要的是贊美其人民并將其付諸行動(dòng)。”表明了作者認(rèn)為

這個(gè)提案能給一個(gè)城市帶來積極的影響，同時(shí)也對這種美好愿景有一種期待。故答案為C。

Text2

Scientificpublishinghaslongbeenalicencetoprintmoney.Scientistsneedjournalsinwhichtopublish

theirresearch,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperformthe

specialisedworkofpeerreviewalsoforfree,becauseitisacentralelementintheacquisitionofstatusand

theproductionofscientificknowledge.

Withthecontentofpaperssecuredforfree,thepublisherneedsonlyfindamarketforitsjournal.Untilthis

century,universitylibrarieswerenotverypricesensitive.Scientificpublishersroutinelyreportprofit

marginsapproaching40%ontheiroperations,atatimewhentherestofthepublishingindustryisinan

existentialcrisis.

TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaimstopublish25%ofthescientificpapersproducedintheworld,made

profitsofmorethan￡900mlastyear,whileUKuniversitiesalonespentmorethan￡210min2016toenable

researcherstoaccesstheirownpubliclyfundedresearch;bothfiguresseemtoriseinexorablydespite

increasinglydesperateeffortstochangethem.

Themostdrastic,andthoroughlyillegal,reactionhasbeentheemergenceofSci-Hub,akindofglobal

photocopierforscientificpapers,setupin2012,whichnowclaimstoofferaccesstoeverypaywalledarticle

publishedsince2015.ThesuccessofSci-Hub,whichreliesonresearcherspassingoncopiestheyhave

themselveslegallyaccessed,showsthelegalecosystemhaslostlegitimacyamongitsusersandmustbe

transformedsothatitworksforallparticipants.

InBritainthemovetowardsopenaccesspublishinghasbeendrivenbyfundingbodies.Insomewaysithas

beenverysuccessful.MorethanhalfofallBritishscientificresearchisnowpublishedunderopenaccess

terms:eitherfreelyavailablefromthemomentofpublication,orpaywalledforayearormoresothatthe

publisherscanmakeaprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.

Yetthenewsystemhasnotworkedoutanycheaperfortheuniversities.Publishershaverespondedtothe

demandthattheymaketheirproductfreetoreadersbychargingtheirwritersfeestocoverthecostsof

preparinganarticle.Theserangefromaround￡500to￡5,000.Areportlastyearpointedoutthatthecosts

bothofsubscriptionsandoftheseuarticlepreparationcostsnhasbeensteadilyrisingatarateabove

inflation.Insomewaysthescientificpublishingmodelresemblestheeconomyofthesocialinternet:labour

isprovidedfreeinexchangeforthehopeofstatus,whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorun

themarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneedarebalancingofpower.

第26題

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprintmoney^^partlybecause.

[A]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.

fB]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.

fC]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.

fD]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

26.Scientificpublishingisseenas“alicencetoprint26.科學(xué)出版被看做“印鈔的執(zhí)照”的部分

money"partlybecause____.原因是________O

fA]itsfundinghasenjoyedasteadyincrease.［A］它的資金有穩(wěn)定的增長

[B]itsmarketingstrategyhasbeensuccessful.［B］它的市場策略是成功的

[C]itspaymentforpeerreviewisreduced.［C］同行評審的支出在減少

fD]itscontentacquisitioncostsnothing.［D］沒有內(nèi)容獲取成本

【答案】D

【解析】通過題目關(guān)鍵詞scientificpublishing定位到文章第一段?！皊cientificpublishinghas.....Scientist

needjournals.....,sotheywillsupplythearticleswithoutmonetaryreward.Otherscientistsperform......for

free,because.….…”科學(xué)家要出版他們的研究，需要無償給期刊提供文章。其他一些科學(xué)家免費(fèi)給專

業(yè)文章做同行評審，因?yàn)檫@是獲取職稱和科學(xué)知識(shí)的核心因素。可以看出通篇都在講科學(xué)家無償提供

出版內(nèi)容，對應(yīng)D選項(xiàng)。A選項(xiàng)和B選項(xiàng)中的funding,marketingstrategy文中都沒有提及。C選項(xiàng)

敘述不準(zhǔn)確。

第27題

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishersElsevierhave.

[A]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

27.AccordingtoParagraphs2and3,scientificpublishers27.根據(jù)第二、三段，科學(xué)出版商Elsevier

Elsevierhave____已經(jīng)____

fA]thrivedmainlyonuniversitylibraries.[A]主要從大學(xué)圖書館蓬勃發(fā)展。

[B]gonethroughanexistentialcrisis.[B]經(jīng)歷了巨大危機(jī)。

[C]revivedthepublishingindustry.[C]復(fù)興了出版行業(yè)。

[D]financedresearchersgenerously.[D]慷慨的資助研究員。

【答案】A

【解析】依據(jù)題干中的關(guān)鍵詞Elsevier定位到文章第三段，"TheDutchgiantElsevier,whichclaims

madeprofits.........whileUKuniversitiesalonespent.....accesstheirownfundedresearch"荷蘭巨頭

Elsevier聲稱出版了世界上25%的科學(xué)論文，去年實(shí)現(xiàn)利潤超過9億英鎊，而僅英國大學(xué)在2016年

就花費(fèi)了超過2.1億英鎊，以使研究人員能夠獲取自己的公共資助研究。可以推斷出這家公司從大學(xué)

獲得了巨大的收入。A選項(xiàng)中的crisis危機(jī)文中沒有涉及。C項(xiàng)屬于過度推斷，文中沒有體現(xiàn)產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)

展的情況。D選項(xiàng)與文中描述不符。故答案為A。

第28題

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?

[A]relieved.

[B]puzzled.

[C]concerned.

[D]encouraged.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

28.HowdoestheauthorfeelaboutthesuccessofSci-Hub?28.作者對Sci-Hub成功的態(tài)度是什么？

[A]relieved[A]寬慰的

fB]puzzled[B]困惑的

[C]concerned[C]關(guān)心的

fD]encouraged[D]激勵(lì)的

【答案】D

【解析】通過題目關(guān)鍵詞Sci-Hub可以定位到文章第四段,"themostdrastic,theemergenceof

Sci-Hub,..........offeraccesstoeverypaywalledarticle??.??Thesuccess......showsthelegalecosystem

has.....itworksforallparticipants.v成立于2012年的Sci-Hub是一家全球科學(xué)論文復(fù)印商，聲稱可以

訪問自2015年以來發(fā)表的所有付費(fèi)文章。它的成功依靠研究人員傳遞他們自己可以合法訪問的副本，

這顯示合法的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)在其用戶中失去了合法性，必須對其進(jìn)行改造以使其對所有參與者都有效。表

現(xiàn)出作者認(rèn)為這家公司為學(xué)術(shù)界做出了積極的改變，會(huì)產(chǎn)生更加深遠(yuǎn)的影響。故答案為D。

第29題

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccessterms.

[A]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoney.

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierfbrscientists.

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially.

fD]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens.

[參考答案]A

[答案解析]

29.ItcanbelearnedfromParagraphs5and6thatopenaccess29.從第五段可以得知開放準(zhǔn)入條款

terms..

fA]allowpublisherssomeroomtomakemoneyfA]使出版商有盈利的空間

[B]renderpublishingmucheasierforscientists[B]科學(xué)家出版更加容易

[C]reducethecostofpublicationsubstantially[C]顯著減少了出版成本

[D]freeuniversitiesfromfinancialburdens[D]使大學(xué)擺脫財(cái)務(wù)負(fù)擔(dān)

【答案】A

【解析】通過題目關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章第五段，“MorethanhalfofallBritishunderopenaccess

terms:eitheravailablefrom.......thepublisherscanmakeprofitbeforebeingplacedongeneralrelease.”現(xiàn)

在，超過一半的英國科研成果都是以開放獲取的方式出版：從出版之日起免費(fèi)提供，或者付費(fèi)使用一

年或更長時(shí)間，以便出版商在正式發(fā)行之前就可以獲利。A選項(xiàng)是對文章內(nèi)容的同義改寫。通過第六

段第一句"Yetthenewsystem..…anycheaperfortheuniversities然而，新系統(tǒng)并沒有給大學(xué)帶來任何

實(shí)惠，排除D選項(xiàng)。通過文中Areportlastyearpointedout......risingatarateaboveinflation去年的

一份報(bào)告指出，訂閱費(fèi)用和這些“文章準(zhǔn)備成本”均以高于通貨膨脹率的速度穩(wěn)定增長，排除C項(xiàng)。

B項(xiàng)文中沒有體現(xiàn)。

第30題

30.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishingmodel?

[A]trialsubscriptionisoffered.

[B]labourtriumphsoverstatus.

[C]costsarewellcontrolled.

fD]thefewfeedonthemany.

[參考答案]D

[答案解析]

3O.Whichofthefollowingcharacterisesthescientificpublishing30.以下哪一項(xiàng)是科學(xué)出版模式的特

model?點(diǎn)？

[A]trialsubscriptionisoffered.[A]提供試訂閱

fB]labourtriumphsoverstatus.fB]勞動(dòng)勝過地位

[C]costsarewellcontrolled.rc]很好控制成本

fD]thefewfeedonthemany.[D]少數(shù)養(yǎng)活多數(shù)

【答案】D

【解析】通過題干核心詞openaccessmodel定位到文中最后兩句「Insomewaysthescientificpublishing

model.....whilehugeprofitsaremadebyafewbigfirmswhorunthemarketplaces.Inbothcases,weneed

arebalancingofpower.”在某種程度上，科學(xué)出版模式類似于社交網(wǎng)絡(luò)經(jīng)濟(jì)：免費(fèi)提供勞動(dòng)力以換取

地位身份，而少數(shù)控制市場的大公司則獲得了巨額利潤。我們需要重新平衡權(quán)力。D項(xiàng)符合原文含義。

A項(xiàng)和C項(xiàng)文中沒有提及，B項(xiàng)與文中描述相反。

Text3

Progressivesoftensupportdiversitymandatesasapathtoequalityandawaytoleveltheplayingfield.But

alltoooftensuchpoliciesareaninsincereformofvirtue-signalingthatbenefitsonlythemostprivilegedand

doeslittletohelpaveragepeople.

ApairofbillsponsoredbyMassachusettsstateSenatorJasonLewisandHouseSpeakerProTempore

PatriciaHaddad,toensureugenderparityvonboardsandcommissions,provideacaseinpoint.

HaddadandLewisareconcernedthatmorethanhalfthestate-governmentboardsarelessthan40percent

female.Inordertoensurethatelitewomenhavemoresuchopportunities,theyhaveproposedimposing

governmentquotas.Ifthebillsbecomelaw,stateboardsandcommissionswillberequiredtosetaside50

percentofboardseatsforwomenby2022.

TheproposalissimilartoameasurerecentlyadoptedinCalifornia,whichlastyearbecamethefirststateto

requiregenderquotasforprivatecompanies.Insigningthemeasure,CaliforniaGovernorJerryBrown

admittedthatthelaw,whichexpresslyclassifiespeopleonthebasisofsex,isprobablyunconstitutional.

TheUSSupremeCourtfrownsonsex-basedclassificationsunlesstheyaredesignedtoaddressan

uimportantvpolicyinterest.BecausetheCalifornialawappliestoallboards,evenwherethereisno

historyofpriordiscrimination,courtsarelikelytorulethatthelawviolatestheconstitutionalguaranteeof

“equalprotection^.

Butaresuchgovernmentmandatesevennecessary?Femaleparticipationoncorporateboardsmaynot

currentlymirrorthepercentageofwomeninthegeneralpopulation,butsowhat?

Thenumberofwomenoncorporateboardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmentinterference.

AccordingtoastudybyCatalyst,between2010and2015thesharewomenontheboardsofglobal

corporationsincreasedby54percent.

Requiringcompaniestomakegendertheprimaryqualificationforboardmembershipwillinevitablyleadto

lessexperiencedprivatesectorboards.ThatisexactlywhathappenedwhenNorwayadoptedanationwide

corporategenderquota.

WritinginTheNewRepublic,AliceLeenotesthatincreasingthenumberofopportunitiesforboard

membershipwithoutincreasingthepoolofqualifiedwomentoserveonsuchboardshasledtoaugolden

skirt“phenomenon,wherethesameelitewomenscoopupmultipleseatsonavarietyofboards.

Nextlimesomebodypushescorporatequotasasawaytopromotegenderequity,rememberthatsuch

policiesarelargelyself-servingmeasuresthatmaketheirsponsorsfeelgoodbutdolittletohelpaverage

women.

第31題

31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillsponsoredbyLewisandHaddadwill.

[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias.

[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.

[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.

fD]greatlybroadencareeroptions.

［參考答案］A

［答案解析］

31.TheauthorbelievesthatthebillsponsoredbyLewisand31.作者相信Lewis和Haddad支持的法案

Haddadwill將會(huì)

[A]helplittletoreducegenderbias.［A］對減少性別歧視幫助甚微

[B]poseathreattothestategovernment.［B］對州政府造成威脅

[C]raisewomen'spositioninpolitics.［C］提升女性在政壇中的地位

[D]greatlybroadencareeroptions.［D］大大拓寬職業(yè)選擇

【答案】A

【解析】通過文章第一段的內(nèi)容：“Progressivesoftensupport.....Butalltoooftensuchpoliciesarean

insincereformof......anddoeslittletohelpaveragepeople.”進(jìn)步主義者經(jīng)常把強(qiáng)制多樣化作為實(shí)現(xiàn)平等

和公平競爭的途徑。但是，此類政策常常是一種虛偽的道德信號(hào)，只會(huì)給最有特權(quán)的人帶來好處，而

對幫助普通民眾沒有什么作用。可以看出作者對法案的整體態(tài)度是消極的，A選項(xiàng)屬于同意轉(zhuǎn)換。B

項(xiàng)和中的threat文中沒有提及。C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)都不是作者的觀點(diǎn)，而是法案的目的。

第32題

32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCaliforniameasure?

[A]ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowner.

[B]itiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.

[C]itmaygoagainsttheConstitution.

[D]itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.

［參考答案］c

［答案解析］

32.WhichofthefollowingistrueoftheCalifornia32.以下關(guān)于加利福尼亞措施的描述哪一項(xiàng)是正

measure?確的？

[A]Ithasirritatedprivatebusinessowner.［A］激怒了私營企業(yè)主。

[B]ItiswelcomedbytheSupremeCourt.［B］受到最高法院的歡迎。

[C]ItmaygoagainsttheConstitution.［C］可能違反憲法。

[D]Itwillsettlethepriorcontroversies.［D］將會(huì)解決以前的爭議。

【答案】c

【解析】根據(jù)信號(hào)詞Californiameasure可以定位到文章第四段："Theproposalissimilartoameasure

recentlyadoptedinCalifornia,which.....Insigningthemeasure,Californiagovernor.....,whichexpressly

classifies,isprobablyunconstitutional.v該提議類似于加利福尼亞最近采取的一項(xiàng)措施，去年加利福

尼亞成為第一個(gè)要求對私營公司實(shí)行性別配額的州。在簽署該措施時(shí)，加利福尼亞州州長杰里?布朗

承認(rèn)法律明確地對人進(jìn)行性別分類，這可能違反憲法。C選項(xiàng)正是對原文表述的同意改寫，主要考查

goagainst這一短語的用法。A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)原文未涉及。B選項(xiàng)通過第五段第一句:"TheUSSupremeCourt

frowns........."，可以判斷與原文表述不符，可以排除。

第33題

33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate.

[A]thehannfromarbitraryboarddecision.

[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.

[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.

[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.

［參考答案］D

［答案解析］

33.作者提及Catalyst的研究是為了表

33.TheauthormentionsthestudybyCatalysttoillustrate.

明。_

[A]theharmfromarbitraryboarddecision.［A］來自仲裁委員會(huì)決議的危害

[B]theimportanceofconstitutionalguarantees.［B］憲法保障的重要性

[C]thepressureonwomeninglobalcorporations.［C］跨國公司中女性的壓力

[D]theneedlessnessofgovernmentinterventions.［D］政府干預(yù)的不必要性

【答案】D

【解析】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞studybyCatalyst可以定位到文章第七段：“Thenumberofwomenoncorporate

boardshasbeensteadilyincreasingwithoutgovernmen